Suchergebnisse

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT 104 is the major pathogen for salmonellosis outbreaks in Europe. We tested if the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 can prevent or alleviate salmonellosis. Therefore, piglets of the German Landrace breed that were treated with E. faecium (n=16) as a feed additive and untreated controls (n=16) were challenged with S. Typhimurium 10 days after weaning. The presence of salmonellae in feces and selected organs, as well as the immune response, were investigated. Piglets treated with E. faecium gained less weight than control piglets (P=0.05). The feeding of E. faecium had no effect on the fecal shedding of salmonellae and resulted in a higher abundance of the pathogen in tonsils of all challenged animals. The specific (anti-Salmonella IgG) and nonspecific (haptoglobin) humoral immune responses as well as the cellular immune response (T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, +¦+¦ T cells, and B cells) in the lymph nodes, Peyer's patches of different segments of the intestine (jejunal and ileocecal), the ileal papilla, and in the blood were affected in the course of time after infection (P < 0.05) but not by the E. faecium treatment. These results led to the conclusion that E. faecium may not have beneficial effects on the performance of weaned piglets in the case of S. Typhimurium infection. Therefore, we suggest a critical discussion and reconsideration of E. faecium NCIMB 10415 administration as a probiotic for pigs.

Part I. Agriculture, Biomass, Foods and Beverages -- 1. Key factors of Digital agriculture on competitiveness, sustainability, and safety areas -- 2. Precision Agriculture technologies in the Italian agricultural context. A study on the rate of knowledge and diffusion among Italian farmers -- 3. The Role of Technological Innovations for Agrifood Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review -- 4. The agri-food products life cycle: the technological dimension role in an open innovation perspective -- 5. Innovation in the food sector: development prospects for synthetic meat production -- 6. Valorization strategies of technological and therapeutic properties of orange by-products -- 7. Circular economy in the agri-food industry. How social media create engagement -- 8. Circular urban food policies: the "Food in the circular city" model promoted by the city of Prato -- 9. S-LCA applied in a research project and social conditionality of the new Common Agriculture Policy 2023-2027 -- 10. The S-LCA applied in a research project: "smallholders including farmers" impact subcategory -- 11. The potential of soil carbon sequestration: International and national soil carbon projects -- 12. Eco-innovation and digitalization of agri-food companies towards the circular economy: A pilot project for the evaluation of the impacts and circularity indicators for the agri-food chain -- 13. Application of the DNSH principle to the restoration and enhancement of a historical garden: the project "Well-being and spirituality: Orto-giardino Laudato Sì" -- 14. The adoption of information systems for the analysis of the life cycle of hazelnuts -- 15. Sweet chestnut fractions from sustainable circular process for the control of phytopathogenic oomycetes -- 16. A circular bioeconomy chain: indicators applied to the sustainable production of microalgae for industrial purposes -- 17. The ILCIDAF project for the development of an Italian Database of Life Cycle Inventory of agri-food products: the wheat milling phase -- 18. Life Cycle Inventory data for the Italian olive oil supply chain: how to ensure representativeness -- 19. Carbon Footprint of seasonal meals: the case of school canteens -- 20. Water Footprint of agri-food products from MENA countries vs. EU -- 21. The air indicator of VIVA certification for the sustainability of Italian wine: analysis and perspectives -- 22. Environmental accounting for the circularization of the packaged water sector in Italy -- 23. Recent evolutions in food consumption patterns during the Covid-19 emergency. The emerging market of Food Delivery and its implications on food quality -- 24. Foods Supplements: quality assessment of formulations by expert panel -- 25. Wine quality improvement based on the perception of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) - evidence from Bulgaria -- 26. Multi-elemental characterisation and multivariate analysis of Venetian Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) wines -- 27. Study of the volatile component and the flavonoid content of edible flowers -- 28. The cultivation of Iris pallida as an opportunity for the enhancement of Tuscan agro-biodiversity and a resource for the local economy -- 29. Honey Production in Italy: Quality, Sustainability, and Innovation Strategies of Companies in the Abruzzo Region -- 30. Determination of bioactive compounds in Italian honeydew honeys -- 31. Comparison of the carotenoid content in durum wheat pasta and wholewheat pasta by multivariate analysis -- 32. The likely effect of the rise in global temperature on cheese safety -- 33. Tomato supply chain and production quality control for international markets -- 34. Sustainability of rural supply chains in Nepal: selection, characterization and labelling of spices for the local market -- 35. Carob leaves extracts as new ingredients in the food field: extraction, characterization and antioxidant features -- 36. Carob Pods as Source of Bioactive Molecules in the Preparation of Functional Jelly -- 37. Crocus sativus L. flowers valorisation as sources of bioactive compounds -- Part II. Consumers' awareness, and behaviors -- 38. An empirical study to understand if sustainable consumers have sustainable behaviours -- 39. Greenwashing and consumer awareness on environmental issues: a pilot analysis -- 40. What factors influence post-Covid-19 consumer purchase habits? An empirical survey in the Italian agri-food sector -- 41. Towards a sustainable diet: the profile of vegan and vegetarian Italian consumers -- 42. Not in My Backyard or Please in My Backyard? A PRISMA-based literature review -- 43. From knowledge to consumption: how consumers perceive of the food quality -- 44. Exploring consumer and company perceptions of the use of digital technologies for traceability -- 45. Functional properties and preferences of consumption of honeys from different origin -- 46. Food safety and insect food: a preliminary consumers' indication -- Part III. Digitalization -- 47. Digital Innovation Ecosystems: a Systematic Literature Review and a New Definition -- 48. Smart City and Internet of Things -- 49. Digital transformation in companies and human resource management -- 50. "Everything-as-a-service": l'evoluzione del mercato privato dei beni in piattaforma pubblica di servizi -- 51. Supply chain 4.0: lean six sigma, industry 4.0 technologies and circular supply chain applied to an italian hospital case study -- 52. Bibliometric Analysis and Topic Modeling of the literature on Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare -- 53. Digital innovation in the healthcare system: integration between blockchain and artificial intelligence -- 54. The role of multi-stakeholder platforms in the path towards Circular Economy (CE) transition in Europe -- 55. Green Smart Manufacturing: potentials and limits towards Industry 5.0 -- 56. The use of unmanned aerial systems in environmental monitoring -- Part IV. Circular economy and sustainability issues in several sectors -- 57. Natural gas supply in Italy: analysis and perspectives -- 58. The agro-photovoltaic sector as a possible implementation tool in Sicilian energy transition -- 59. Redevelopment of industrial brownfields through green hydrogen: evolution and criticalities -- 60. Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing of a unitized regenerative fuel cell stack: a preliminary study -- 61. A Hypothesis of a Lean Warehouse Design for an Italian Textile-Apparel Company -- 62. Textile industry between past and future in the 'Museo Merceologico' (MuMe) -- 63. Production and consumption trends in the European textile sector and main sustainability challenges -- 64. The future of the Italian tanning industry considering the recent geopolitical crisis -- 65. Risk assessment and life cycle approach to optimize the sustainability performance of leather products.

Jennifer Huddleston


In June, the Federal Trade Commission has taken a number of actions against America's leading tech companies. The agency is tasked with protecting consumers from actions that might manipulate the benefits of a free market, such as fraud or illegal monopolization behavior. But these latest actions appear to focus on something other than consumers.
FTC v. Amazon Prime
The FTC recently filed a case against Amazon, claiming it was using manipulative practices, or "dark patterns," to mislead consumers into joining its Prime service. Amazon then made it more difficult to unsubscribe. The company's Prime service has over 200 million subscribers worldwide (including over 160 million in the US) and retains high levels of consumer satisfaction.
Earlier this year, when the FTC announced a new rule targeting services that lock consumers in their subscriptions by making it easy to sign up and more difficult to cancel, it initially seemed like a return to a consumer‐​focused priority for the agency. Many consumers probably welcomed such an announcement, having been annoyed by fitness programs or newspapers that provide easy ways to sign up for a subscription online, only to find that they require in‐​person visits or calls to cancel.
Regardless of whether consumers feel this behavior amounts to personal manipulation and therefore in need of free market regulation, or if they feel it to be merely a disliked practice that may turn out bad for business in the future, Amazon's Prime service does not fit this model. Amazon goes above and beyond in the ease it provides customers if they decide to stop their Prime service: the ability to unsubscribe only takes a few clicks, and the company will even provide a refund if the user didn't utilize the service since their last membership charge.
Beyond the alleged "difficulty" in unsubscribing, the FTC also alleges Amazon uses "dark patterns" to keep consumers from unsubscribing to Prime. Originally, the term "dark patterns" was meant to apply to deliberately deceptive practices designed to trick consumers. Now, it is misapplied to either any practice that might attempt to persuade consumers or the results of a choice to end a subscription or opt out of a feature may have. This is why the term has been used as a critique of Prime's unsubscribe process.
Any business would want to make sure consumers are aware of the services they are losing or could gain access to via the product they are canceling in order to allow them to make an informed decision. Calling this a "dark pattern" is yet another attempt by the FTC to vilify standard business practices. Demonizing such information could result in less information for consumers to make thoughtful choices.
FTC Challenges Microsoft‐​Activision
The FTC has continued to challenge several mergers and acquisitions and seems to apply particular scrutiny to those within the technology industry. The latest example of this is the FTC's request for a preliminary injunction to prevent Microsoft's acquisition of video game company Activision. As with some of its previous challenges, this action focuses on a market that does not accurately reflect the consumer experience so the FTC can make a case that there is anti‐​competitive behavior.
The Microsoft‐​Activision deal has already been approved by European competition authorities. The gaming market is incredibly competitive and evolving, with options for traditional consoles, PCs, mobile, and even virtual reality gaming. But the FTC, as well as the United Kingdom's competition authority, have chosen to focus their case on "cloud gaming," a new form of gaming that relies on remote services to stream games over the internet.
The problem with this approach is that cloud gaming has struggled to gain traction with both consumers and game developers. Microsoft is an early actor in this space, but cloud gaming itself has not emerged as a unique marketplace. Notably, however, in highly popular fields like mobile gaming, Microsoft is far from the largest player. In fact, their acquisition of Activision may lead to more sizable competition with rival Sony.
FTC and Meta
Finally, two concerning revelations about the FTC's actions towards Meta have emerged. These actions should give pause around the agency and administrative state at large to abuse its power.
In May, the FTC announced that it was modifying its 2020 settlement with Meta to include new requirements and restrictions that would blanket ban the use of data on users under the age of 18. This stems from concerns related to a flaw in the Messenger Kids app that predated the original agreement and was identified in an independent assessment. While all three commissioners voted to support the proposal, Commissioner Alvaro Bedoya expressed concerns about whether the agency had the legal authority to impose such limits on data use based on the evidence. Commissioner Bedoya's concerns are legitimate, and Meta has challenged the action in court.
Not long after this action, it was made public that FTC Chair Lina Khan had refused to follow internal ethics recommendations to recuse herself from the Meta‐​Within case, a recent FTC action to block a merger that the agency lost in court. In the memo addressed to then Commissioner Christine Wilson, the agency's ethics official expressed concerns about how Chair Khan's prior statements on Meta acquisitions might raise questions about the Chair's ability to be impartial in this matter.
Khan's refusal to follow this advice did not amount to an ethics violation but highlights concerns that these actions are not based on a sound policy belief, but rather on personal politics against certain companies. It should certainly be concerning to those beyond tech companies that recommendations are not being followed. Such a trend could impact the perceived legitimacy of future FTC action even well beyond Khan's tenure as chair.
Conclusion
The FTC's increased scrutiny of America's leading tech companies shows no sign of slowing down, but these latest cases only further highlight the concerns that such actions are not focused on the consumer. An FTC run amok without an objective focus on consumer welfare, and unchecked by courts or Congress, risks harming rather than protecting its customers.

In recent years, the active policy of theRussian Federationto establish control over the post-Soviet space and confrontation with the Western countries has led to the confrontation betweenRussiaand the West (NATO,USA) at the level of the "Cold War".The purpose of the article is to highlight the main challenges and threats of theRussian Federationin the military sphere in the process of analyzing the basis of the National Security Strategy of theRussian Federationand its Military Doctrine. Based on certain challenges and threats, the general purposes of the Russian armed forces are analyzed (including in the South-West strategic direction).The strategic goal of Russia's foreign policy is to restore its geopolitical status in the world, the self-assertion of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, reintegration of the post-Soviet space and the creation of a union of the former Soviet republics by the way of building a model of interaction between European countries (excluding only the Baltic countries).The main priorities in the field of national security have set before the Armed Forces of theRussian Federationtasks that can be structured in two main directions:deterrence of military and military-political threats to the interests of theRussian Federation;advocacy of the economic and political interests.From the analysis, it follows that the situation around Ukraine constitutes the main threat to its national security. The armed aggression of Russia against Ukraine, despite the decrease in its intensity in the Donbas region, remains. The likelihood of a military invasion of Ukraine in the form of a full-scale offensive operation remains.Possible reasons for the invasion are more likely to be:- Any attempts from the Ukrainian side, to resolve the conflict on the occupied territory by force method (likely actions of the Russian Federation, in this case - probability conduct a peacekeeping operation to protect the rights and freedoms of the Russian-speaking population in this area is very likely);- Any buildup of NATO's military capabilities and the deployment of an American missile defense system on the territory of Ukraine (probable actions of the Russian Federation, in this case - deployment troops under the guise of "Green Men" or they conduct a full-scale offensive operation with the purpose to occupy the territory of the left bank of the Dnieper and southern part of Ukraine). ; В последние годы переход Российской Федерации (РФ) к проведению активной политики по установлению российского контроля над постсоветским пространством и конфронтации с Западом привел к восстановлению противостояния между Россией и Западом (НАТО, США) фактически на уровне "холодной" войны.Целью статьи ‑ выделить основные вызовы и угрозы РФ в военной сфере в процессе анализа положений Стратегии национальной безопасности РФ и Военной доктрины России. На основе определенных вызовов и угроз проанализировать общие задачи вооруженных сил России, в том числе на Юго-Западном стратегическом направлении.Стратегической целью внешней политики России является восстановление своего геополитического статуса в мире, самоутверждения после развала 90-х годов, в ближнем зарубежье ‑ реинтеграция постсоветского пространства, создание союза бывших советских республик (вероятно, исключая лишь страны Балтии) по образцу ЕС.Приоритеты в сфере национальной безопасности поставили перед Вооруженными Силами Российской Федерации следующие задачи, которые могут быть структурированы по двум основным направлениям:сдерживание военных и военно-политических угроз безопасности или посягательств на интересы Российской Федерации;защита экономических и политических интересов Российской Федерации.Их наполнение определено в Стратегии национальной безопасности РФ и Военной доктрине России.Из проведенного анализа следует, что ситуация вокруг Украины составляет основную угрозу ее национальной безопасности, остается вероятная вооруженная агрессия России, которая, несмотря на некоторое снижение интенсивности боевых действий на Донбассе, готова к военному вторжению в Украине, в том числе в виде полномасштабной наступательной операции.Причинами вторжения с большей вероятностью будет:- попытка, со стороны Украины, решения конфликта на Донбассе вооруженным путем (вероятные действия РФ ‑ проведение миротворческой операции по защите прав и свобод русскоязычного населения этих районов);- наращивание военного потенциала НАТО и развертывание американской системы противоракетной обороны на территории Украины (вероятные действия РФ ‑ ввод группировок войск под видом "зеленых человечков" или проведение полномасштабной наступательной операции с задачей занять территорию левого берега Днепра и Юга Украины или по границе). ; Протягом останніх років перехід Російської Федерації (РФ) до проведення активної політики щодо встановлення російського контролю над пострадянським простором та конфронтації із Заходом призвів до відновлення протистояння між Росією і Заходом (НАТО, США) фактично на рівні "холодної" війни.Метою статті є виділити основні виклики та загрози РФ у військовій сфері у процесі аналізу положень Стратегії національної безпеки РФ та Воєнної доктрини Росії. На основі визначених викликів та загроз проаналізувати загальні завдання збройних сил Росії, в тому числі на Південно-Західному (Українському та Чорноморському) стратегічному напрямку.Стратегічною метою зовнішньої політики Росії є відновлення свого геополітичного статусу у світі, самоствердження після розвалу 90-х років, в ближньому зарубіжжі ‑ реінтеграція пострадянського простору, створення союзу колишніх радянських республік (ймовірно, виключаючи лише країни Балтії) за зразком ЄС.Пріоритети у сфері національної безпеки поставили перед Збройними Силами Російської Федерації наступні завдання, які можуть бути структуровані за двома основними напрямками:стримування військових і військово-політичних загроз безпеки або посягань на інтереси Російської Федерації;захист економічних і політичних інтересів Російської Федерації.Їх наповнення визначено в Стратегії національної безпеки РФ та Воєнній доктрині Росії.З проведеного аналізу випливає, що ситуація довкола України становить основну загрозу її національній безпеці, залишається ймовірна збройна агресія Росії, яка, незважаючи на певне зниження інтенсивності бойових дій на Донбасі, готова до військового вторгнення в Україну, в т. ч. у вигляді повномасштабної наступальної операції.Причинами вторгнення з більшою вірогідністю буде:- спроба, з боку України, вирішення конфлікту на Донбасі збройним шляхом (імовірні дії РФ – проведення миротворчої операції з захисту прав і свобод російськомовного населення цих районів);- нарощування військового потенціалу НАТО та розгортання американської системи протиракетної оборони на території України (імовірні дії РФ – ввід угруповань військ під виглядом "зелених чоловічків" або проведення повномасштабної наступальної операції з завданням зайняти територію лівого берегу Дніпра та Півдня України або по кордону).

The state-owned banks (SOB) hold a prominent position in the national banking systems of most Eastern European countries. In this region, the BUDCs are specialized and mainly represented by national development banks and export-import banks. There is no development bank inUkraine, and the domestic export-import bank, by its profile, runs universal business model that covers retail and corporate clients, as well as a bank-to-bank function.In general, the SOBs mainly implement four types of national strategic programs: infrastructure development, support for small and medium-sized businesses, regional development, and overcoming sectoral imbalances. These programs are broken down by product into loans, guarantees and subsidies. In some countries, the SOBs also maintain student loans, mortgage loans, support for innovative and start-up businesses. The sources of funding for these programs are capital, funds raised from international financial institutions, and debt through debt issuance. As a rule, the SOB implements these programs through partner financial institutions and regional funds. The indicators of the effectiveness of these programs are the volume of loan portfolios, the number of enterprises created and saved jobs. The quality and profitability of loan portfolios are of secondary importance, but they are also taken into account in evaluating the performance of SOBs.Based on a comparative analysis of the SOBs' performance, the authors concluded that it is necessary to implement similar programs inUkraine, taking into account the stage of development of the national economy, sectoral and regional disparities. Firstly, it is necessary to increase the scope of preferential lending to priority industries and regions, with the offer of credit products, loan guarantees and interest rate subsidies. Second, as a national development bank, it is advisable to consolidate one of the state-owned banks, which should undergo asset rehabilitation, transform the resource base, enter the domestic and foreign borrowing markets. Third, the transformation of the public banking sector inUkraineshould occur in parallel with the approval by the Government of Ukraine of national and regional programs of credit stimulation of the economy. It is advisable for each financial support program, to establish key performance indicators (quantifiable and qualitative goals) and to provide monitoring of performance, with adjustments of directions and priorities as needed. ; Банки с участием государства в капитале (БУГ) занимают заметное место в национальных банковских системах большинства стран Восточной Европы. В этом регионе БУГ являются специализированными и представлены в основном национальными банками развития и экспортно-импортными банками. В Украине отсутствует банк развития, а отечественный экспортно-импортный банк по профилю своей деятельности реализует универсальную модель бизнеса, которая охватывает обслуживания населения и корпоративных клиентов и только частично — функцию «банк для банков».БУГ реализуют в основном четыре вида национальных стратегических программ: развития инфраструктуры, поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса, регионального развития, устранения отраслевых диспропорций. Данные программы делятся по продуктам на кредиты, гарантии и субсидии. В отдельных странах БУГ также реализуют программы студенческих займов, ипотечного кредитования, поддержки инновационных и стартовых предприятий грантами. Источниками финансирования данных программ является капитал, средства, привлеченные от международных финансовых организаций и заимствования путем эмиссии долговых обязательств. Как правило, данные программы реализуются через партнерские финансовые учреждения и региональные фонды. Показателями эффективности данных программ являются объемы кредитных портфелей, количество предприятий, созданных и сохраненных рабочих мест. Качество и доходность кредитных портфелей являются второстепенными вопросами, но также учитываются в оценке результативности работы БУГ.На основании сравнительного анализа деятельности БУГ сделаны выводы о необходимости реализации в Украине аналогичных программ, с учетом стадии развития отечественной экономики, отраслевых и региональных диспропорций в экономике. Во-первых, необходимо увеличить масштабы льготного кредитования отраслей и регионов приоритетного развития, с предложением кредитных продуктов, гарантий по кредитам и субсидий процентных ставок. Во-вторых, в роли национального банка развития целесообразно закрепить один из государственных банков, который должен пройти санацию активов, трансформировать ресурсную базу, выйти на внутренние и внешние рынки заимствований. В-третьих, трансформация государственного банковского сектора в Украине должно происходить параллельно с утверждением Правительством Украины национальных и региональных программ кредитного стимулирования экономики. Для каждой программы финансовой поддержки, которая реализуется БУГ, целесообразно установить ключевые показатели результативности (количественно измеряемые и качественные цели) и обеспечить государственный мониторинг достижения целей, корректировки направлений и приоритетов в случае необходимости. ; Банки за участі держави в капіталі (БУДК) посідають помітне місце в національних банківських системах більшості країн Східної Європи. У цьому регіоні БУДК є спеціалізованими і представлені в основному національними банками розвитку та експортно-імпортними банками. В Україні немає банку розвитку, а вітчизняний експортно-імпортний банк за профілем своєї діяльності реалізує універсальну модель бізнесу, яка охоплює обслуговування населення і корпоративних клієнтів, а також функцію «банк для банків».Для порівняльного аналізу обрано обсяги кредитних портфелів і дохідність активів.БУДК реалізують в основному чотири види національних стратегічних програм: розвитку інфраструктури, підтримки малого і середнього бізнесу, регіонального розвитку, усунення галузевих диспропорцій. Ці програми поділяють за продуктами на кредити, гарантії та субсидії. В окремих країнах БУДК також реалізують програми студентських позик, іпотечного кредитування, підтримки інноваційних і стартових підприємств грантами. Джерелами фінансування цих програм є капітал, кошти залучено від міжнародних фінансових організацій та запозичення шляхом емісії боргових зобов'язань. Здебільшого, такі програми реалізуються через партнерські фінансові установи та регіональні фонди. Показниками ефективності цих програм є обсяги кредитних портфелів, кількість підприємств, створених і збережених робочих місць. Якість і дохідність кредитних портфелів є другорядними питаннями, але також ураховуються в оцінці результативності роботи БУДК.На підставі порівняльного аналізу діяльності БУДК зроблено висновки про необхідність реалізації в Україні аналогічних програм, з урахуванням стадії розвитку вітчизняної економіки, галузевих і регіональних диспропорцій в економіці. По-перше, потрібно збільшити масштаби пільгового кредитування галузей і регіонів пріоритетного розвитку, з пропозицією кредитних продуктів, гарантій за кредитами і субсидій відсоткових ставок. По-друге, в ролі національного банку розвитку доцільно закріпити один із державних банків, що має пройти санацію активів, трансформувати ресурсну базу, вийти на внутрішні і зовнішні ринки запозичень. По-третє, трансформація державного банківського сектору в Україні має відбуватися паралельно із затвердженням Урядом України національних і регіональних програм кредитного стимулювання економіки. Для кожної програми фінансової підтримки, яка реалізується БУДК, доцільно встановити ключові показники результативності (т. зв. КРІ, кількісно вимірювані та якісні цілі) і забезпечити державний моніторинг досягнення цілей, коригування напрямів і пріоритетів у разі потреби.

In recent years, the active policy of theRussian Federationto establish control over the post-Soviet space and confrontation with the Western countries has led to the confrontation betweenRussiaand the West (NATO,USA) at the level of the "Cold War".The purpose of the article is to highlight the main challenges and threats of theRussian Federationin the military sphere in the process of analyzing the basis of the National Security Strategy of theRussian Federationand its Military Doctrine. Based on certain challenges and threats, the general purposes of the Russian armed forces are analyzed (including in the South-West strategic direction).The strategic goal of Russia's foreign policy is to restore its geopolitical status in the world, the self-assertion of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, reintegration of the post-Soviet space and the creation of a union of the former Soviet republics by the way of building a model of interaction between European countries (excluding only the Baltic countries).The main priorities in the field of national security have set before the Armed Forces of theRussian Federationtasks that can be structured in two main directions:deterrence of military and military-political threats to the interests of theRussian Federation;advocacy of the economic and political interests.From the analysis, it follows that the situation around Ukraine constitutes the main threat to its national security. The armed aggression of Russia against Ukraine, despite the decrease in its intensity in the Donbas region, remains. The likelihood of a military invasion of Ukraine in the form of a full-scale offensive operation remains.Possible reasons for the invasion are more likely to be:- Any attempts from the Ukrainian side, to resolve the conflict on the occupied territory by force method (likely actions of the Russian Federation, in this case - probability conduct a peacekeeping operation to protect the rights and freedoms of the Russian-speaking population in this area is very likely);- Any buildup of NATO's military capabilities and the deployment of an American missile defense system on the territory of Ukraine (probable actions of the Russian Federation, in this case - deployment troops under the guise of "Green Men" or they conduct a full-scale offensive operation with the purpose to occupy the territory of the left bank of the Dnieper and southern part of Ukraine). ; В последние годы переход Российской Федерации (РФ) к проведению активной политики по установлению российского контроля над постсоветским пространством и конфронтации с Западом привел к восстановлению противостояния между Россией и Западом (НАТО, США) фактически на уровне "холодной" войны.Целью статьи ‑ выделить основные вызовы и угрозы РФ в военной сфере в процессе анализа положений Стратегии национальной безопасности РФ и Военной доктрины России. На основе определенных вызовов и угроз проанализировать общие задачи вооруженных сил России, в том числе на Юго-Западном стратегическом направлении.Стратегической целью внешней политики России является восстановление своего геополитического статуса в мире, самоутверждения после развала 90-х годов, в ближнем зарубежье ‑ реинтеграция постсоветского пространства, создание союза бывших советских республик (вероятно, исключая лишь страны Балтии) по образцу ЕС.Приоритеты в сфере национальной безопасности поставили перед Вооруженными Силами Российской Федерации следующие задачи, которые могут быть структурированы по двум основным направлениям:сдерживание военных и военно-политических угроз безопасности или посягательств на интересы Российской Федерации;защита экономических и политических интересов Российской Федерации.Их наполнение определено в Стратегии национальной безопасности РФ и Военной доктрине России.Из проведенного анализа следует, что ситуация вокруг Украины составляет основную угрозу ее национальной безопасности, остается вероятная вооруженная агрессия России, которая, несмотря на некоторое снижение интенсивности боевых действий на Донбассе, готова к военному вторжению в Украине, в том числе в виде полномасштабной наступательной операции.Причинами вторжения с большей вероятностью будет:- попытка, со стороны Украины, решения конфликта на Донбассе вооруженным путем (вероятные действия РФ ‑ проведение миротворческой операции по защите прав и свобод русскоязычного населения этих районов);- наращивание военного потенциала НАТО и развертывание американской системы противоракетной обороны на территории Украины (вероятные действия РФ ‑ ввод группировок войск под видом "зеленых человечков" или проведение полномасштабной наступательной операции с задачей занять территорию левого берега Днепра и Юга Украины или по границе). ; Протягом останніх років перехід Російської Федерації (РФ) до проведення активної політики щодо встановлення російського контролю над пострадянським простором та конфронтації із Заходом призвів до відновлення протистояння між Росією і Заходом (НАТО, США) фактично на рівні "холодної" війни.Метою статті є виділити основні виклики та загрози РФ у військовій сфері у процесі аналізу положень Стратегії національної безпеки РФ та Воєнної доктрини Росії. На основі визначених викликів та загроз проаналізувати загальні завдання збройних сил Росії, в тому числі на Південно-Західному (Українському та Чорноморському) стратегічному напрямку.Стратегічною метою зовнішньої політики Росії є відновлення свого геополітичного статусу у світі, самоствердження після розвалу 90-х років, в ближньому зарубіжжі ‑ реінтеграція пострадянського простору, створення союзу колишніх радянських республік (ймовірно, виключаючи лише країни Балтії) за зразком ЄС.Пріоритети у сфері національної безпеки поставили перед Збройними Силами Російської Федерації наступні завдання, які можуть бути структуровані за двома основними напрямками:стримування військових і військово-політичних загроз безпеки або посягань на інтереси Російської Федерації;захист економічних і політичних інтересів Російської Федерації.Їх наповнення визначено в Стратегії національної безпеки РФ та Воєнній доктрині Росії.З проведеного аналізу випливає, що ситуація довкола України становить основну загрозу її національній безпеці, залишається ймовірна збройна агресія Росії, яка, незважаючи на певне зниження інтенсивності бойових дій на Донбасі, готова до військового вторгнення в Україну, в т. ч. у вигляді повномасштабної наступальної операції.Причинами вторгнення з більшою вірогідністю буде:- спроба, з боку України, вирішення конфлікту на Донбасі збройним шляхом (імовірні дії РФ – проведення миротворчої операції з захисту прав і свобод російськомовного населення цих районів);- нарощування військового потенціалу НАТО та розгортання американської системи протиракетної оборони на території України (імовірні дії РФ – ввід угруповань військ під виглядом "зелених чоловічків" або проведення повномасштабної наступальної операції з завданням зайняти територію лівого берегу Дніпра та Півдня України або по кордону).

Esta investigação tem como principal argumento que diferentes representações da 'nação alemã' ressoam nas práticas de procura de um estatuto internacional, contribuindo para a desconstrução da premissa de que processos domésticos e internacionais devem ser separados no estudo das Relações Internacionais (RI). Ao invés, esta dissertação, inspirada na gramática sociológica do sociólogo francês, Pierre Bourdieu, e na 'viragem da prática', argumenta que estes processos estão inerentemente relacionados, porque qualquer agente, seja um 'estado-nação', nasce dentro de um jogo social que já decorre, o 'campo transnacional do poder'. Neste 'jogo duplo', os líderes dos Estados olham para dentro, mas também competem uns com os outros, pelo 'poder' de definir o princípio legítimo de divisão e legitimação (um nomos), enquanto doxa incontestável da política mundial. Neste sentido, se uma representação da 'nação alemã', uma categoria simbólica que é objetivada e subjetivada em estruturas mentais, na história internalizada, dos agentes, muda – isto é, se os elementos constitutivos (e.g. natureza introvertida) acoplados se transformam –, então, a maneira como os líderes alemães procuram estatuto internacional irá mudar concordantemente; tal como a intensidade das preocupações em torno de um estatuto internacional nas narrativas nacionais, no esforço incessante de fazer coincidir as representações ao estatuto internacional reconhecido intersubjetivamente. O último, como será proposto, deverá ser compreendido como uma matéria de "distinção", um traço intrínseco da política internacional, a qual parece estratificada em vários campos sociais, do que anárquica, como as abordagens mainstreans das RI tendem a retratar. Para compreender o processo de construir, imaginar ou inventar, a 'nação alemã', este contributo avança um modelo de análise, teórico e heurístico, do nacionalismo. O nacionalismo é entendido como uma prática, que mobiliza e reproduz a categoria da 'nação', inventada por intelectuais (em particular, académicos e historiadores), os quais, sendo dominados-dominantes, são coniventes com os líderes de Estado, i.e. os dominadores-dominantes. Só apreendendo a discussão intelectual em torno da 'nação alemã', que inclui sempre uma dimensão externa – isto é, não só a posição que a 'nação' detém em relação a outras 'nações', mas também a natureza dessas relações em si mesmas –, se pode compreender a sua ligação ao Estado, que precisa da primeira para manter a estabilidade da ordem doméstica e, além disso, para justificar e legitimar as práticas de procura de um estatuto internacional. Pese embora as últimas se relacionem, ainda, com o 'sentido prático internacional', denotado pela doxa consolidada. Esta dissertação foca-se no caso alemão, um único estudo de caso, ainda que alargado por uma análise diacrónica desde as primeiras discussões da 'nação alemã', até ao final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando o nacionalismo dos líderes e intelectuais alemães foi responsável pela transformação dos elementos acoplados à categoria simbólica da 'nação alemã'. Não obstante, a dissertação argumenta que as preocupações com um estatuto internacional continuaram a ser processos presentes, e que o projeto de integração europeia deve ser entendido como um eco da ideia de que as reconstruções da Europa e da Alemanha eram duas faces da mesma moeda, como a análise dos minutos parlamentares do Bundestag ilustra. ; This research is built on the core argument that different representations of the 'German nation' resonate in international status-seeking practices, thus, contributing for the deconstruction of the premise that domestic and international processes should be separate in the study of International Relations (IR). Instead, this dissertation, that draws from the sociological grammar of the French sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu and IR's Practice-Turn, argues that these processes are inherently interrelated, because every agent, as a 'nation-state' is born within the already on-going social game of the 'transnational field of power'. In this 'double game', state leaders look to the inside, but also compete against each other, for the 'power' to define the legitimate principle of division and legitimation (a nomos), as the unquestioned doxa of world politics. In this sense, if the representation of the 'German nation', a symbolic category that is 'objectified', and 'subjectified' in the mental structures, in the internalized history, of national agents, changes – that is, if the constitutive elements (e.g. introvert nature) attached to it are transformed –, then, the manner according to which German leaders seek international status will change accordingly; as will the intensity of international status concerns in national narratives, in the incessant attempt to make those representations equate to the intersubjectively recognised international status. The latter, as will be proposed, should be understood as a matter of "distinction", an intrinsic trait of international politics, which seems rather stratified by manifold social fields, rather than anarchic, as IR mainstream accounts tend to portray. To understand the process of constructing, imagining or inventing, the 'German nation', this work advances a theoretical, heuristic model of analysis of nationalism. Nationalism is understood as a practice, which mobilises and in fact reproduces the category of 'nation', invented by intellectuals (especially, scholars or historians), who, being dominated dominants, are connivant with the state leaders, i.e. the dominant dominants. Only by grasping the intellectual discussion of the 'German nation', which always entails an external dimension – that is, not only the position that the 'nation' detains in relation to other 'nations', but also the nature of that relations themselves –, could one understand its bond to the state, which needs the former to maintain the stability of the domestic order and, moreover, to justify and legitimate its international status-seeking practices. These yet, nonetheless, relate, too, to the 'international practical sense' denoted by the consolidated doxa. The dissertation focuses on the German case, a single case study, yet through a diachronic analysis extended since the first discussions of a 'German nation', until the end of the Second World War, when German leaders and intellectuals' nationalism was responsible for the transformation of the elements attached to the symbolic category of the 'German nation'. Nevertheless, the dissertation argues that international status concerns continued to be everpresent processes, and the European integration project should be grasped as a resonance of the idea that the reconstruction of Europe and Germany were two faces of the same coin, as the analysis of Bundestag minutes illustrates.

DiSSCo, the Distributed System of Scientific Collections, is a pan-European Research Infrastructure (RI) mobilising, unifying bio- and geo-diversity information connected to the specimens held in natural science collections and delivering it to scientific communities and beyond. Bringing together 120 institutions across 21 countries and combining earlier investments in data interoperability practices with technological advancements in digitisation, cloud services and semantic linking, DiSSCo makes the data from natural science collections available as one virtual data cloud, connected with data emerging from new techniques and not already linked to specimens. These new data include DNA barcodes, whole genome sequences, proteomics and metabolomics data, chemical data, trait data, and imaging data (Computer-assisted Tomography (CT), Synchrotron, etc.), to name but a few; and will lead to a wide range of end-user services that begins with finding, accessing, using and improving data. DiSSCo will deliver the diagnostic information required for novel approaches and new services that will transform the landscape of what is possible in ways that are hard to imagine today.With approximately 1.5 billion objects to be digitised, bringing natural science collections to the information age is expected to result in many tens of petabytes of new data over the next decades, used on average by 5,000 – 15,000 unique users every day. This requires new skills, clear policies and robust procedures and new technologies to create, work with and manage large digital datasets over their entire research data lifecycle, including their long-term storage and preservation and open access. Such processes and procedures must match and be derived from the latest thinking in open science and data management, realising the core principles of 'findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable' (FAIR).Synthesised from results of the ICEDIG project ("Innovation and Consolidation for Large Scale Digitisation of Natural Heritage", EU Horizon 2020 grant agreement No. 777483) the DiSSCo Conceptual Design Blueprint covers the organisational arrangements, processes and practices, the architecture, tools and technologies, culture, skills and capacity building and governance and business model proposals for constructing the digitisation infrastructure of DiSSCo. In this context, the digitisation infrastructure of DiSSCo must be interpreted as that infrastructure (machinery, processing, procedures, personnel, organisation) offering Europe-wide capabilities for mass digitisation and digitisation-on-demand, and for the subsequent management (i.e., curation, publication, processing) and use of the resulting data. The blueprint constitutes the essential background needed to continue work to raise the overall maturity of the DiSSCo Programme across multiple dimensions (organisational, technical, scientific, data, financial) to achieve readiness to begin construction.Today, collection digitisation efforts have reached most collection-holding institutions across Europe. Much of the leadership and many of the people involved in digitisation and working with digital collections wish to take steps forward and expand the efforts to benefit further from the already noticeable positive effects. The collective results of examining technical, financial, policy and governance aspects show the way forward to operating a large distributed initiative i.e., the Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) for natural science collections across Europe. Ample examples, opportunities and need for innovation and consolidation for large scale digitisation of natural heritage have been described. The blueprint makes one hundred and four (104) recommendations to be considered by other elements of the DiSSCo Programme of linked projects (i.e., SYNTHESYS+, COST MOBILISE, DiSSCo Prepare, and others to follow) and the DiSSCo Programme leadership as the journey towards organisational, technical, scientific, data and financial readiness continues.Nevertheless, significant obstacles must be overcome as a matter of priority if DiSSCo is to move beyond its Design and Preparatory Phases during 2024. Specifically, these include:Organisational:Strengthen common purpose by adopting a common framework for policy harmonisation and capacity enhancement across broad areas, especially in respect of digitisation strategy and prioritisation, digitisation processes and techniques, data and digital media publication and open access, protection of and access to sensitive data, and administration of access and benefit sharing.Pursue the joint ventures and other relationships necessary to the successful delivery of the DiSSCo mission, especially ventures with GBIF and other international and regional digitisation and data aggregation organisations, in the context of infrastructure policy frameworks, such as EOSC. Proceed with the explicit aim of avoiding divergences of approach in global natural science collections data management and research.Technical:Adopt and enhance the DiSSCo Digital Specimen Architecture and, specifically as a matter of urgency, establish the persistent identifier scheme to be used by DiSSCo and (ideally) other comparable regional initiatives.Establish (software) engineering development and (infrastructure) operations team and direction essential to the delivery of services and functionalities expected from DiSSCo such that earnest engineering can lead to an early start of DiSSCo operations.Scientific:Establish a common digital research agenda leveraging Digital (extended) Specimens as anchoring points for all specimen-associated and -derived information, demonstrating to research institutions and policy/decision-makers the new possibilities, opportunities and value of participating in the DiSSCo research infrastructure.Data:Adopt the FAIR Digital Object Framework and the International Image Interoperability Framework as the low entropy means to achieving uniform access to rich data (image and non-image) that is findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR).Develop and promote best practice approaches towards achieving the best digitisation results in terms of quality (best, according to agreed minimum information and other specifications), time (highest throughput, fast), and cost (lowest, minimal per specimen).FinancialBroaden attractiveness (i.e., improve bankability) of DiSSCo as an infrastructure to invest in.Plan for finding ways to bridge the funding gap to avoid disruptions in the critical funding path that risks interrupting core operations; especially when the gap opens between the end of preparations and beginning of implementation due to unsolved political difficulties.Strategically, it is vital to balance the multiple factors addressed by the blueprint against one another to achieve the desired goals of the DiSSCo programme. Decisions cannot be taken on one aspect alone without considering other aspects, and here the various governance structures of DiSSCo (General Assembly, advisory boards, and stakeholder forums) play a critical role over the coming years.

The state-owned banks (SOB) hold a prominent position in the national banking systems of most Eastern European countries. In this region, the BUDCs are specialized and mainly represented by national development banks and export-import banks. There is no development bank inUkraine, and the domestic export-import bank, by its profile, runs universal business model that covers retail and corporate clients, as well as a bank-to-bank function.In general, the SOBs mainly implement four types of national strategic programs: infrastructure development, support for small and medium-sized businesses, regional development, and overcoming sectoral imbalances. These programs are broken down by product into loans, guarantees and subsidies. In some countries, the SOBs also maintain student loans, mortgage loans, support for innovative and start-up businesses. The sources of funding for these programs are capital, funds raised from international financial institutions, and debt through debt issuance. As a rule, the SOB implements these programs through partner financial institutions and regional funds. The indicators of the effectiveness of these programs are the volume of loan portfolios, the number of enterprises created and saved jobs. The quality and profitability of loan portfolios are of secondary importance, but they are also taken into account in evaluating the performance of SOBs.Based on a comparative analysis of the SOBs' performance, the authors concluded that it is necessary to implement similar programs inUkraine, taking into account the stage of development of the national economy, sectoral and regional disparities. Firstly, it is necessary to increase the scope of preferential lending to priority industries and regions, with the offer of credit products, loan guarantees and interest rate subsidies. Second, as a national development bank, it is advisable to consolidate one of the state-owned banks, which should undergo asset rehabilitation, transform the resource base, enter the domestic and foreign borrowing markets. Third, the transformation of the public banking sector inUkraineshould occur in parallel with the approval by the Government of Ukraine of national and regional programs of credit stimulation of the economy. It is advisable for each financial support program, to establish key performance indicators (quantifiable and qualitative goals) and to provide monitoring of performance, with adjustments of directions and priorities as needed. ; Банки с участием государства в капитале (БУГ) занимают заметное место в национальных банковских системах большинства стран Восточной Европы. В этом регионе БУГ являются специализированными и представлены в основном национальными банками развития и экспортно-импортными банками. В Украине отсутствует банк развития, а отечественный экспортно-импортный банк по профилю своей деятельности реализует универсальную модель бизнеса, которая охватывает обслуживания населения и корпоративных клиентов и только частично — функцию «банк для банков».БУГ реализуют в основном четыре вида национальных стратегических программ: развития инфраструктуры, поддержки малого и среднего бизнеса, регионального развития, устранения отраслевых диспропорций. Данные программы делятся по продуктам на кредиты, гарантии и субсидии. В отдельных странах БУГ также реализуют программы студенческих займов, ипотечного кредитования, поддержки инновационных и стартовых предприятий грантами. Источниками финансирования данных программ является капитал, средства, привлеченные от международных финансовых организаций и заимствования путем эмиссии долговых обязательств. Как правило, данные программы реализуются через партнерские финансовые учреждения и региональные фонды. Показателями эффективности данных программ являются объемы кредитных портфелей, количество предприятий, созданных и сохраненных рабочих мест. Качество и доходность кредитных портфелей являются второстепенными вопросами, но также учитываются в оценке результативности работы БУГ.На основании сравнительного анализа деятельности БУГ сделаны выводы о необходимости реализации в Украине аналогичных программ, с учетом стадии развития отечественной экономики, отраслевых и региональных диспропорций в экономике. Во-первых, необходимо увеличить масштабы льготного кредитования отраслей и регионов приоритетного развития, с предложением кредитных продуктов, гарантий по кредитам и субсидий процентных ставок. Во-вторых, в роли национального банка развития целесообразно закрепить один из государственных банков, который должен пройти санацию активов, трансформировать ресурсную базу, выйти на внутренние и внешние рынки заимствований. В-третьих, трансформация государственного банковского сектора в Украине должно происходить параллельно с утверждением Правительством Украины национальных и региональных программ кредитного стимулирования экономики. Для каждой программы финансовой поддержки, которая реализуется БУГ, целесообразно установить ключевые показатели результативности (количественно измеряемые и качественные цели) и обеспечить государственный мониторинг достижения целей, корректировки направлений и приоритетов в случае необходимости. ; Банки за участі держави в капіталі (БУДК) посідають помітне місце в національних банківських системах більшості країн Східної Європи. У цьому регіоні БУДК є спеціалізованими і представлені в основному національними банками розвитку та експортно-імпортними банками. В Україні немає банку розвитку, а вітчизняний експортно-імпортний банк за профілем своєї діяльності реалізує універсальну модель бізнесу, яка охоплює обслуговування населення і корпоративних клієнтів, а також функцію «банк для банків».Для порівняльного аналізу обрано обсяги кредитних портфелів і дохідність активів.БУДК реалізують в основному чотири види національних стратегічних програм: розвитку інфраструктури, підтримки малого і середнього бізнесу, регіонального розвитку, усунення галузевих диспропорцій. Ці програми поділяють за продуктами на кредити, гарантії та субсидії. В окремих країнах БУДК також реалізують програми студентських позик, іпотечного кредитування, підтримки інноваційних і стартових підприємств грантами. Джерелами фінансування цих програм є капітал, кошти залучено від міжнародних фінансових організацій та запозичення шляхом емісії боргових зобов'язань. Здебільшого, такі програми реалізуються через партнерські фінансові установи та регіональні фонди. Показниками ефективності цих програм є обсяги кредитних портфелів, кількість підприємств, створених і збережених робочих місць. Якість і дохідність кредитних портфелів є другорядними питаннями, але також ураховуються в оцінці результативності роботи БУДК.На підставі порівняльного аналізу діяльності БУДК зроблено висновки про необхідність реалізації в Україні аналогічних програм, з урахуванням стадії розвитку вітчизняної економіки, галузевих і регіональних диспропорцій в економіці. По-перше, потрібно збільшити масштаби пільгового кредитування галузей і регіонів пріоритетного розвитку, з пропозицією кредитних продуктів, гарантій за кредитами і субсидій відсоткових ставок. По-друге, в ролі національного банку розвитку доцільно закріпити один із державних банків, що має пройти санацію активів, трансформувати ресурсну базу, вийти на внутрішні і зовнішні ринки запозичень. По-третє, трансформація державного банківського сектору в Україні має відбуватися паралельно із затвердженням Урядом України національних і регіональних програм кредитного стимулювання економіки. Для кожної програми фінансової підтримки, яка реалізується БУДК, доцільно встановити ключові показники результативності (т. зв. КРІ, кількісно вимірювані та якісні цілі) і забезпечити державний моніторинг досягнення цілей, коригування напрямів і пріоритетів у разі потреби.

The content of the Ukrainian national idea in the era of transition from industrial to post-industrial(informational) type of society is revealed. It is demonstrated that in the transition to a post-industrial society, thenational idea as a product of an industrial society requires a significant transformation. In a post-industrial society,the national idea should be focused on the production of post-economic values and active social regulation, themaximum use of the creative (creative) potential of members of the national community, the formation of anew type of family and new forms of social partnership, the increasing role of knowledge (scientific and parascientific)and changes in the education system. It is determined that the national idea, taking into account theetymology of the components of this construct, acts as a key idea in understanding the nature of the nation andthe prospects for its development.It is determined that the national idea must be understood in the context of the special conditions of lifeof the people throughout its history. It reflects the deep level of national consciousness, advocates all forms ofreflection of the nation (person) over issues of the essence of the national community and the meaning of itsexistence. Throughout its history, Ukraine has sought to build its own state on a democratic, legal and socialbasis and, having gained independence in 1991, these value dominants were entrenched at the constitutionallevel. At the present stage of nation-building, the key direction in the formation of a national idea is to determinethe optimal model that should underpin state-building – ethno-cultural or civic.It is proved that the Ukrainian national idea, having passed the difficult historical path of aging and formation,today requires substantial modernization, adaptation to the realities of the transitional society, civilizational,geopolitical, economic challenges of the 21st century. The national idea should take into account the changesthat occur in the social and economic structure of society, and incorporate into the body of the nation-buildingstrategy those goals and ways to achieve them that actualize post-material values, pay attention to the needsof self-development and self-improvement of the individual. The formula of the Ukrainian national idea isproposed, which consists of strategic and operational-tactical components, designed for different time periods– short, medium and long term. The strategic components of the modern Ukrainian national idea include theslogans 'Ukraine is a conciliar, European, decent state and a nation', 'Equality of all citizens before the law,freedom of life strategies, respect for the national and cultural traditions of the Ukrainian people and ethniccommunities living on its territory', 'Democracy in all spheres of public life, the embodiment of moral standardsin social relations'. The operational-tactical components of the modern Ukrainian national idea include theslogans 'Knowledge, information, movement (action)'. ; Раскрыто содержание украинской национальной идеи в эпоху перехода от индустриального к по-стиндустриальному (информационному) типу общества. Продемонстрировано, что в условиях переходак постиндустриальному обществу национальная идея как продукт индустриального общества требуетсущественной трансформации. В постиндустриальном обществе национальная идея должна быть ори-ентирована на продуцирование постэкономических ценностей и активного социального регулирования,максимальное использование творческого (креативного) потенциала членов национальной общности,формирование нового типа семьи и новых форм социального партнерства, повышение роли знания (на-учного и паранаучного) и изменения системы образования. Определено, что национальная идея, учиты-вая этимологию составляющих этого конструкта, выступает как ключевая мысль в понимании природынации и перспектив ее развития. Доказано, что украинская национальная идея, пройдя сложный исто-рический путь вызревания и становления, сегодня требует существенной модернизации, адаптации креалиям переходного общества, цивилизационных, геополитических, экономических вызовов XXI века.Национальная идея должна учитывать те изменения, которые происходят в социальной и экономиче-ской структуре общества, и инкорпорировать в «тело» стратегии нациестроительства те цели и путиих достижения, которые актуализируют постматериальные ценности, уделяют внимание потребностямсаморазвития и самосовершенствования индивида. Предложена формула украинской национальнойидеи, которая состоит из стратегических и оперативно-тактических компонентов, рассчитанных на раз-ные временные отрезки – кратко-, средне- и долгосрочную перспективу. К стратегическим компонентамсовременной украинской национальной идеи отнесены лозунги «Украина соборное, европейское, до-стойное человека и нации государство», «Равенство всех граждан перед законом, свобода жизненныхстратегий, уважение национально-культурных традиций украинского народа и этнонациональных сооб-ществ, проживающих на ее территории», «Демократия во всех сферах общественной жизни, воплоще-ние моральных норм в социальных отношениях». К оперативно-тактическим компонентам современнойукраинской национальной идеи отнесены лозунги «Знание, информация, движение (действие)». ; З'ясовано зміст української національної ідеї в добу переходу від індустріального до постінду-стріального (інформаційного) типу суспільства. Продемонстровано, що в умовах переходу до постін-дустріального суспільства національна ідея як продукт індустріального суспільства потребує суттєвоїтрансформації. У постіндустріальному суспільстві національна ідея має бути орієнтована на продуку-вання постекономічних цінностей і активного соціального регулювання, максимальне використаннятворчого (креативного) потенціалу членів національної спільноти, формування нового типу родини інових форм соціального партнерства, посилення ролі знання (наукового і паранаукового) і зміни системиосвіти. Визначено, що національна ідея, враховуючи етимологію складників цього конструкту, постаєяк ключова думка щодо розуміння природи нації та перспектив її розвитку. Доведено, що українськанаціональна ідея, пройшовши складний історичний шлях визрівання і становлення, сьогодні потребуєсуттєвої модернізації, адаптації до реалій перехідного суспільства, цивілізаційних, геополітичних, еко-номічних викликів ХХІ ст. Національна ідея має враховувати ті зміни, які відбуваються в соціальній таекономічній структурі суспільства, та інкорпорувати в «тіло» стратегії націєтворення ті цілі та шляхиїх досягнення, які актуалізують постматеріальні цінності, приділяють увагу потребам саморозвитку тасамовдосконалення індивіда. Запропоновано формулу української національної ідеї, яка складається ізстратегічних та оперативно-тактичних компонентів, розрахованих на різні часові відрізки – коротко-,середньо- і довгострокову перспективу. До стратегічних компонентів сучасної української національноїідеї віднесено гасла «Україна соборна, європейська, гідна людини і нації держава», «Рівність усіх грома-дян перед законом, свобода життєвих стратегій, повага до національнокультурнихтрадицій українського народу та етнонаціональних спільнот, що мешкають на її теренах», «Демократизм у всіх сферах суспіль-ного життя, втілення моральних норм у соціальних відносинах». До оперативно-тактичних компонентівсучасної української національної ідеї віднесено гасла «Знання, інформація, рух (дія)».

The article critically analyzes the methodological state of linguocultural conceptology and touchesupon the problematic issues that require their further development. The main attention is focused on the need to revise thestructure of linguistic and cultural concepts and, in this regard, to clarify the terminological designation of these mentalformations. It is assumed that each concept of the linguoculture acquires conceptual status only when it is value-evaluative toits members, and therefore a synergetic combination of such entities is axioconceptosphere – motivational continuum of theirexistence. It is defined that the main task of linguoconceptologists is associated with the search of the relevant for thereconstruction of such motivational continuum of British and Ukrainian ethnic cultures methodological tools, to prove thatthe allocation of linguistic and cultural concepts of the value layer only as one of the components of their structures simplifiesthe mental and panchronic (deeply diachronic, etymological, historical and modern) nature of this type of formations. It isproposed three-orthodox (dimensional, cognitive-linguocomparative and linguo-synergetic) methodological approach for theanalysis of diachronic and synchronic structure of actually value concepts – TRUTH, GOOD, BEAUTY, BENEFIT that havebeen identified by ancient thinkers and successive generations of philosophers as the basic value categories and whosubsequently laid the foundations of the entire sciences – logic, ethics, aesthetics, which were considered to be a complexsystem of significant priorities (individual, collective and universal) in the life of each ethnic group and its individualrepresentative. In the article the researcher defined the stages of effective methods and techniques application for thereconstruction in British and Ukrainian axioconceptospheres: the first stage involves the application of methods of cognitiveand linguo-comparative studies, in particular, the method of a diachronic review of the etymological versions of the originalvalues of the names of these concepts, their synonyms and derivatives of the etymological sources of the English andUkrainian languages (with the help of Indo-European etymological dictionaries), the second stage – methods of structurallinguistics, modern lexical and cognitive semantics. References Alefirenko, Nikolay. 2013.Lingvokulturologiya: cennostno-smyslovoeprostranstvoyazyka.Moskva: Flinta; Nauka. 2.Chekulay, Igor, Prohorova, Olga. 2016. "Cennostno-deyatelnostnye metaforicheskie modeli v sozdanii sistemy cennostnyh konceptov angliyskogo yazyka".Nauchnyi rezultat: setevoi zhurnal 2, 1(7):44–47. 3.Fesenko, Tamara. 2000. "Konceptualnoe modelirovanie kak metod izucheniya mentalnoy realnosti cheloveka".Kognitivnaya semantika. Tambov.2:149–151.4.Fevr, Lyus'en.1991. Boi za istoriyu. Translated by A. A. Bobovicha, M. A. Bobovicha i Yu. N. Stepanova. Moskva: Nauka. 5.Hrolenko, Aleksandr. 2004. Osnovy lingvoku'turologii. Moskva: Flinta; Nauka. 6.Karasik, Vladimir, Slyshkin, Gennadiy. 2001. Lingvokulturnyi koncept kak edinica issledovaniya metodologicheskie problemy kognitivnoi lingvistiki. 7.Karasik, Vladimir. 2009. Lingvokulturnaya konceptologiya. Volgograd. 8.Knyazeva, Elena, Kurdyumov, Sergey. 1994. Zakony evolyucii i samoorganizacii slozhnyh system.Moskva: Nauka. 9.Leskov, Leonid.2004. "Sinergetika kultury". Vestnik MGU.Seriya 7. Filosofiya 45:14–36.10.Marchuk, Uliana. 2008. "Asotsiatyvnyi eksperyment yak metod doslidzhennia linhvokulturnykh kontseptiv". Naukovi zapysky. Kirovohrad: RVV KDPU im. V. Vinnichenka 75:242–246. 11.Maslova, Valentina. 2013. "Koncepty raznyh tipov i puti ih rekonstrukcii."Problemy konceptualizacii deystvitelnosti i modelirovaniya yazykovoy kartiny mira6:160–169.12.Mezhuev, Vadim.2006. Ideya kultury. Ocherki po filosofii kultury. Moskva: Progress-Tradiciya.13.Mescheryakova ,Yuliya. 2007. Krasota. Antologiya konceptov.Moskva: Gnozis.14.Pantelei M. 2006. "Otsinka u strukturi linhvokulturnoho kontseptu politican / polityk".Visnyk KhNU im.V.N.Karazina725:33–36. 15.Pimenova, Marina. 2007. "Metodologiya konceptualnyh issledovaniy".Antologiya konceptov. Moskva: Gnozis.16.Popova, Zinaida, Sternin, Iosif. 2005. Polevaya model koncepta. Vvedenie v kognitivnuyu lingvistiku. –Kemerovo: Kuzbassvuzizdat.17.Rikkert, Heinrich.1995. Nauki o prirode i nauki o duhe. Kulturologiya. XX vek: Antologiya. – M.: Yurist.18.Semehyn, Tetiana. 2011. "Dynamika semantychnoi struktury binarnykh kontseptiv PREKRASNYI/POTVORNYI v anhliiskii ta ukrainskii movakh". PhD diss., Kyiv: Nats. ped. un-t imeni M.P.Drahomanova.19.Slyshkin, Gennadiy. 2004. Lingvokulturnye koncepty i metakoncepty.Volgograd: Peremena.20.Stefanova, Nataliia. 2018. "Cognitive and ontological essence of axiological dominants and principles of their taxonomy in diachronic and synchronic review". Advanced Education:scientific journal9:225–230. doi.10.20535/2410-8286.131680>21.Stepanov,Yuriy.2007. Koncepty. Tonkaya plenka civilizacii. Moskva: Yazyki slavyanskih kultur.22.Sternin, Iosif. 2001. "Metodika issledovaniya struktury koncepta". Metodicheskie problemy kognitivnoy lingvistike. Voronezh: Izd-vo Voronezhskogo gos. u-ta.23.Stolovich, Leonid. 1988. "The aesthetic value in the world of values". Aesthetica et Calonologia67–76.24.Tkachuk A., Kurenkova T., Strekaleva T. "Cennostnyy faktor i specifika mirovospriyatiya naroda (na materiale analiza lingvokulturnyh konceptov)".Kulturologiya. URL: http://econf.rae.ru/article/6740.25.Tokarev,Grigoriy. 2000. Problemy lingvokulturologicheskogo opisaniya koncepta (na primere «Trudovaya deyatelnost»).Tula.26.Uryson, Elena. 2003. Problemy issledovaniya yazykovoy kartiny mira: analogiya v semantike. Moskva: Yazyki slavyanskoy kultury.27.Valickaya, Alisa. 2013. Aksiosfera soderzhanie ponyatiya i ego instrumentalnyi status.Aksiosferasovremennosti: filosofsko-esteticheskiyanalizinravstvennoeobosnovaniesociokulturnyhpraktik.28.Vorkachev, Sergey. 2010. "Kudazhnamplyt? Lingvokulturnayakonceptologiya: sovremennoesostoyanie, problemy, vektorrazvitiya".Yazyk,kommunikaciyaisocialnayasreda 8:5–27. ; У статті критично схарактеризовано методологічний стан лінгвокультурної концептології й порушено тіпроблемні питання, які потребують подальшого розроблення. Основну увагу зосереджено на необхідності переглядуструктури лінгвокультурних концептів і у зв'язку з цим уточнення термінологічного позначення цих ментальнихутворень. Зроблено припущення, що кожен концепт лінгвокультури набуває концептуального статусу лише тоді,коли він є ціннісно-значимим для її представників, і тому синергетична сукупність таких утворень складаєаксіоконцептосферу – мотиваційний континуум їхнього побутування. Сформульоване головне завданнялінгвоконцептологів, пов'язане з пошуками придатних для реконструкції подібного мотиваційного континуумубританської та української етнокультур методологічних інструментів, за допомогою яких вдасться довести, щовиокремлення в лінгвокультурних концептах ціннісного шару лише як одного з компонентів їхніх структур спрощуєментальну й панхронічну (глибоко діахронічну, етимологічну, історичну й сучасну) природу такого типу утворень.Запропоновано тріортодоксальний (димензіональний, когнітивно-лінгвокомпаративний, лінгвосинергетичний)методологічний підхід для аналізу діахронно-синхронної структури власне ціннісних концептів – TRUTH, GOOD,BEAUTY, BENEFIT / ІСТИНА, ДОБРО, КРАСА, КОРИСТЬ, визначених античними мислителями та подальшимипоколіннями філософів як базові ціннісні категорії і які згодом заклали основи цілих наук – логіки, етики, естетики,де їх розглядали як складноорганізовану систему ЗНАЧУЩИХ пріоритетів (індивідуальних, колективних,загальнолюдських) у житті кожного етносу й окремого його представника. Визначено етапи застосуванняефективних методів і методик для реконструкції британської і української аксіоконцептосфер: перший етаппередбачає застосування методів когнітивної лінгвокомпаративістики, зокрема методу діахронічного коментаряетимологічних версій первісних значень імен зазначених концептів, їх синонімів і дериватів в етимологічнихджерелах англійської та української мов (із залученням словників індоєвропейської етимології), другий – методівструктурної лінгвістики, сучасної лексичної і когнітивної семантики.

There is a wide and growing interest in promoting Research Data Management (RDM) and Research Data Sharing (RDS) from many stakeholders in the research enterprise. Funders are under pressure from activists, from government, and from the wider public agenda towards greater transparency and access to encourage, require, and deliver improved data practices from the researchers they fund. Funders are responding to this, and to their own interest in improved practice, by developing and implementing policies on RDM and RDS. In this review we examine the state of funder policies, the process of implementation and available guidance to identify the challenges and opportunities for funders in developing policy and delivering on the aspirations for improved community practice, greater transparency and engagement, and enhanced impact. The review is divided into three parts. The first two components are based on desk research: a survey of existing policy statements drawing in part on existing surveys and a brief review of available guidance on policy development for funders. The third part addresses the experience of policy implementation through interviews with funders, policy developers, and infrastructure providers. In our review we identify, in common with other surveys, that RDM and RDS policies are increasingly common. The most developed are found amongst funders in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and European Union. However many other funders and nations have aspirational statements or are developing policy. There is a broad pattern of policy development moving from aspiration, to recommendations, to requirements, and finally reporting and auditing of data management practice. There are strong similarities across policies: a requirement for data management planning, often in grant submissions, expectations that data supporting published articles will be made available, and in many cases requirements for data archiving and availability over extended periods beyond grants. However there are also important differences in implementation. There is essentially no information available on the uptake and success of different policies in terms of compliance rates, or degrees of data availability. Many policies require a Data Management Plan as part of grant submission. This requirement can be enforced but there is disagreement on the value of this. One view is that requirements such as DMPs are the only way to force researchers to pay attention to these issues. The other is that such requirements lead to a culture of compliance in which the minimal effort is made and planning is seen as a "tick-box" exercise that has no further value. In this view requirements such as DMPs may actually be damaging the effort to effect culture change towards improved community practice. One way to bring these two views together is to see DMPs as living documents that form the basis of collaboration between researchers, funders, and data managers throughout the life of a research project. This approach is reflected in guidance on policy development that emphasises the importance of clarifying responsibilities of various stakeholders and ensuring that researchers are both recognised for good practice and see tangible benefits. More broadly this points to the need for the program of improving RDM and RDS to be shared project with the incentives for funders and researchers aligned as far as is possible. In the interviews successful policy implementation was often seen to be dependent on funders providing the required support, both in the form of infrastructure and resourcing, and via the provision of internal expertise amongst program managers. Where resources are limited, leveraging other support, especially from institutional sources, was seen as important as was ensuring the scope of policy requirements were commensurate with the support available and readiness of research communities. Throughout the desk research and the interviews a consistent theme is the desire for cultural change, where data management and sharing practices are embedded within the norms of behaviour for research communities. There is general agreement that progress from aspirational policies to achieving compliance is challenging and that broad cultural change, with the exception of specific communities, is a long way off. It is interesting to note that discussion of cultural change is largely externalised. There is little engagement with the concept of culture as an issue to consider or work with and very little engagement with models of how cultural change could be enabled. The disagreement over the value of DMPs is one example of how a lack of active engagement with culture and how it changes is leading to problems. Key Findings Policies on RDM and RDS are being developed by a number of agencies, primarily in the Global North. These policies are broadly consistent in aspiration and outlines but differ significantly in details of implementation. Policies generally develop along a path starting with aspirational statements, followed by recommendations, then requirements, and finally auditing and compliance measures. Measurement of policy adoption and compliance in terms of the over goals of increased availability and re-use of data is not tracked and is likely unmeasurable currently. Data Management Plans are a central requirement for many policies, in part because they can be made compulsory and act as a general focus for raising awareness. There are significant differences in the views of stakeholders on the value of Data Management Planning in its current form. Some stakeholders regard them as successful in raising awareness albeit with some limitations. Some regard them as actively damaging progress towards real change in practice by making RDM appear as one administrative activity among the many required for grant submission Successful policy implementation is coupled with funder support for infrastructure and training. Seeing RDM as an area for collaboration between funders and researchers may be valuable Internal expertise and support within a funder is often a gap which becomes a problem with monitoring and implementation DMPs can be a helpful part of process but it will be important to make them useful documents throughout and beyond the project If the object of RDM and RDS policy is cultural change in research communities then direct engagement with understanding the various cultures of researcher and other stakeholder communities, alongside frameworks of how they change is an important area for future focus.

There is a wide and growing interest in promoting Research Data Management (RDM) and Research Data Sharing (RDS) from many stakeholders in the research enterprise. Funders are under pressure from activists, from government, and from the wider public agenda towards greater transparency and access to encourage, require, and deliver improved data practices from the researchers they fund. Funders are responding to this, and to their own interest in improved practice, by developing and implementing policies on RDM and RDS. In this review we examine the state of funder policies, the process of implementation and available guidance to identify the challenges and opportunities for funders in developing policy and delivering on the aspirations for improved community practice, greater transparency and engagement, and enhanced impact. The review is divided into three parts. The first two components are based on desk research: a survey of existing policy statements drawing in part on existing surveys and a brief review of available guidance on policy development for funders. The third part addresses the experience of policy implementation through interviews with funders, policy developers, and infrastructure providers. In our review we identify, in common with other surveys, that RDM and RDS policies are increasingly common. The most developed are found amongst funders in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and European Union. However many other funders and nations have aspirational statements or are developing policy. There is a broad pattern of policy development moving from aspiration, to recommendations, to requirements, and finally reporting and auditing of data management practice. There are strong similarities across policies: a requirement for data management planning, often in grant submissions, expectations that data supporting published articles will be made available, and in many cases requirements for data archiving and availability over extended periods beyond grants. However there are also important differences in implementation. There is essentially no information available on the uptake and success of different policies in terms of compliance rates, or degrees of data availability. Many policies require a Data Management Plan as part of grant submission. This requirement can be enforced but there is disagreement on the value of this. One view is that requirements such as DMPs are the only way to force researchers to pay attention to these issues. The other is that such requirements lead to a culture of compliance in which the minimal effort is made and planning is seen as a "tick-box" exercise that has no further value. In this view requirements such as DMPs may actually be damaging the effort to effect culture change towards improved community practice. One way to bring these two views together is to see DMPs as living documents that form the basis of collaboration between researchers, funders, and data managers throughout the life of a research project. This approach is reflected in guidance on policy development that emphasises the importance of clarifying responsibilities of various stakeholders and ensuring that researchers are both recognised for good practice and see tangible benefits. More broadly this points to the need for the program of improving RDM and RDS to be shared project with the incentives for funders and researchers aligned as far as is possible. In the interviews successful policy implementation was often seen to be dependent on funders providing the required support, both in the form of infrastructure and resourcing, and via the provision of internal expertise amongst program managers. Where resources are limited, leveraging other support, especially from institutional sources, was seen as important as was ensuring the scope of policy requirements were commensurate with the support available and readiness of research communities. Throughout the desk research and the interviews a consistent theme is the desire for cultural change, where data management and sharing practices are embedded within the norms of behaviour for research communities. There is general agreement that progress from aspirational policies to achieving compliance is challenging and that broad cultural change, with the exception of specific communities, is a long way off. It is interesting to note that discussion of cultural change is largely externalised. There is little engagement with the concept of culture as an issue to consider or work with and very little engagement with models of how cultural change could be enabled. The disagreement over the value of DMPs is one example of how a lack of active engagement with culture and how it changes is leading to problems. Key Findings Policies on RDM and RDS are being developed by a number of agencies, primarily in the Global North. These policies are broadly consistent in aspiration and outlines but differ significantly in details of implementation. Policies generally develop along a path starting with aspirational statements, followed by recommendations, then requirements, and finally auditing and compliance measures. Measurement of policy adoption and compliance in terms of the over goals of increased availability and re-use of data is not tracked and is likely unmeasurable currently. Data Management Plans are a central requirement for many policies, in part because they can be made compulsory and act as a general focus for raising awareness. There are significant differences in the views of stakeholders on the value of Data Management Planning in its current form. Some stakeholders regard them as successful in raising awareness albeit with some limitations. Some regard them as actively damaging progress towards real change in practice by making RDM appear as one administrative activity among the many required for grant submission Successful policy implementation is coupled with funder support for infrastructure and training. Seeing RDM as an area for collaboration between funders and researchers may be valuable Internal expertise and support within a funder is often a gap which becomes a problem with monitoring and implementation DMPs can be a helpful part of process but it will be important to make them useful documents throughout and beyond the project If the object of RDM and RDS policy is cultural change in research communities then direct engagement with understanding the various cultures of researcher and other stakeholder communities, alongside frameworks of how they change is an important area for future focus.

Tranquil' experiences are commonly associated with environmentally rich areas such as National Parks and in the UK, in Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs). In these areas, natural heritage is juxtaposed with heirlooms of socio-cultural value in a rural landscape crafted by mankind over millennia, resulting in their designation as protected areas, based on their unique and 'special' qualities (DAONB 2014). Such characteristics epitomise the very heart of 'heritage' as defined by UNESCO and the European Landscape Convention (2004) through a proliferation of non-renewable resources of tangible and intangible qualities inclusive of biodiversity, folklore, of historical and archaeological values, all of which have contributed to enhancing the socio-cultural value of these areas. Subsequently, as found in the case of the Dorset AONB specifically, this heritage has inspired some of the greatest literary and art works including those of Constable and of Hardy which in turn, have contributed to enhancing a regional and local identity, encouraging locals' strong sense of belonging and sense of place (Field 2008; Lyons 2006;DAONB 2014). The economic importance derived from enhancing these qualities provides for their public interest as favourable resources to tourism: an aim easily facilitated through the capitalisation of what is perceived as 'rural' and of the quintessential idyll of English heritage, in which notions of tranquil experiences are anticipated, expected and where possible, created. This popularity means that managing organisations must ensure that any form of development is sustainable and fundamentally, is sensitive to environmental, social and economic interests, whilst their statutory duty to provide 'quiet' enjoyment of the countryside is achieved. Key to addressing not only these objectives, but also enhancing the cultural and natural landscapes that define these IUCN Category V landscapes, is the definition of 'tranquillity'. However defining and then interpreting tranquillity into practice is complex. It is an intangible concept, highly subjective, and is a sociocultural construct relative to the area in question. Thus unlike past attempts to define tranquillity purely by institutions', therefore emphasising dominant political-management strategies, more recent recognition for the subjective nature of the concept demands that the fullest breadth of stakeholder engagement in defining tranquillity is warranted. Support for such engagement could feasibly be assumed, given statutes assert the fullest breadth of stakeholder engagement in the formulation of development and landscape policy, in planning decisions and with best practice an active citizenship role is considered critical. Yet, should the fullest breadth of stakeholder engagement be progressed, the first challenge concerns a practical issue due to the sheer number of highly qualitative views on what is/not considered being tranquil is infinite. A second challenge also focuses primarily on citizen engagement itself. Whilst statute endorses community engagement, reality is very different and where such opportunities are created for citizens to engage, a growing disengagement from local decision-making practices is increasingly evident in the UK. As such, three challenges are evident: 1) just how do you capture and 2) importantly use the breadth of subjective views on the subject of tranquillity whilst 3) tackle a fundamental challenge of encouraging the engagement of the so-called disengaged. The Broadly Engaging with Tranquillity project (BETP) uniquely addresses each of these challenges. A highly democratic research framework is progressed and founded on principles of best practice in protected area governance. Therefore engagement with rather than consultation on the fullest breadth of views is fundamental, inclusive of those classed as the collective voice, individuals and those reported as the most challenging, the 'hard to reach' and of visitors to the area. In turn, claims of heritage management being neglectful of landscape, history and community experiences, perspectives and their recollections are rejected (Waterton 2005). Rather, claims of the public reclaiming their common heritage are emphasised. Four stages of data collection progress the research: the key aim of which was to collate participants' views on what did/not constitute tranquillity in the case study area. The first stage concerned a series of participatory action research events, facilitated by the University of Winchester, at which representatives of institutions, of community and special interest groups conveyed their personal ideas on what comprised tranquillity. The second stage constituted a random household survey based on a stratified sampling framework of the case study area. A 22% response rate was achieved of which more than 50% of the respondents constituted the 'hard to reach'. The third research stage comprised a further round of participatory action research events solely convening local residents. The fourth and final data collection stage comprised a series of onsite surveys with visitors to the case study area. More than 14,000 qualitative views were collated, and following analysis and their conversion into a simple, replicable mathematical sum, their combined views were progressed through a Geographical Information System. This finally produced models of tranquillity according to institutions, local residents, inclusive of the 'disengaged' and 'engaged' members of the local community, and finally according to visitors views. Results of this research project are being used in the short-term to inform the protected area agency's activities in implementing their statutory duties to enhance and maintain tranquillity in the Dorset AONB and in so doing in implementing their Management Plan. In the long-term discussions are taking place how to use the results in encouraging local authorities to implement their duties related to the National Planning Policy Framework and its encouragement for creating tranquil zones at the local level. The research team are actively seeking partners across the EU to test the framework in alternative locations. The case area concerns the Dorset AONB, and integrates with the seascape of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. The project results from a collaborative partnership comprised of practitioners and academics, with funding provided by the UK Economic and Social Science Research Council (ESRC).

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