Suchergebnisse

In this article, I make a policy argument in defense of family and relationship-based immigration preferences in U.S. immigration law that accounts for economic objections and calls for solidarity among socioeconomically disadvantaged U.S. residents on this issue. I begin with a historical account of policy arguments for limiting family-based immigration. I challenge the view that family-based immigration is a fiscal burden on the nation as a whole and acts against the interests of disadvantaged native-born workers. Then, I present and respond to perception-based objections to family-based immigration by disadvantaged citizens who believe that they are suffering from competition with mixed-skilled immigrants, including those sponsored by family members. Advocates of family unity in immigration policy are fighting the perception of zero-sum competition between immigrants and disadvantaged citizens by organizing together for improvements in wages and working conditions, leveraging arguments from the U.S. civil rights struggle to advocate for inclusive immigration policies.

This project presents a continuation of the revenue forecast of the Free State of Saxony until 2025. For sustainable regional politics, more transparency in political decision-making, and especially in the current financial and economic crisis, a continuously updated revenue forecast is of great importance. The population in the East German states is declining and consequently also the transfers from the federal fiscal equalization scheme. Moreover, the transfer payments for East Germany since the German reunification will end 2019. All of these three facts lead to decreasing state revenues. The aim of the project is thus to estimate the extent of the decline and to formulate recommendations for the fiscal policy in the Free State of Saxony This project presents a continuation of the revenue forecast of the Free State of Saxony until 2025. For sustainable regional politics, more transparency in political decision-making, and especially in the current financial and economic crisis, a continuously updated revenue forecast is of great importance. The population in the East German states is declining and consequently also the transfers from the federal fiscal equalization scheme. Moreover, the transfer payments for East Germany since the German reunification will end 2019. All of these three facts lead to decreasing state revenues. The aim of the project is thus to estimate the extent of the decline and to formulate recommendations for the fiscal policy in the Free State of Saxony.

This project presents a continuation of the revenue forecast of the Free State of Saxony until 2025. For sustainable regional politics, more transparency in political decision-making, and especially in the current financial and economic crisis, a continuously updated revenue forecast is of great importance. The population in the East German states is declining and consequently also the transfers from the federal fiscal equalization scheme. Moreover, the transfer payments for East Germany since the German reunification will end 2019. All of these three facts lead to decreasing state revenues. The aim of the project is thus to estimate the extent of the decline and to formulate recommendations for the fiscal policy in the Free State of Saxony This project presents a continuation of the revenue forecast of the Free State of Saxony until 2025. For sustainable regional politics, more transparency in political decision-making, and especially in the current financial and economic crisis, a continuously updated revenue forecast is of great importance. The population in the East German states is declining and consequently also the transfers from the federal fiscal equalization scheme. Moreover, the transfer payments for East Germany since the German reunification will end 2019. All of these three facts lead to decreasing state revenues. The aim of the project is thus to estimate the extent of the decline and to formulate recommendations for the fiscal policy in the Free State of Saxony.

"This inaugural issue of the World Bank Groupl's Global Investment Competitiveness report presents novel analytical insights insights and empirical evidence on foreign direct investment;s (FDI) drivers and contributions to economic transformation. Three key features distinguish this report from other publications on FDI studies. Firstly, its insights come from a variety of sources, including a new survey of investor perspectives, extensive analysis of available data and evidence, and a thorough review of international best practices in investment policy design and implementation. Secondly, the report provides targeted, in-depth analysis of FDI differentiated by motivaion, sector, and geographic origin and destination of investment. Thirdly, the report offers practical and actionable recommendations to developing country governments. The report's groundbreaking survey of more than 750 executives of multinational corporations investing in developing countries finds that--in addition to political stability, security, and macroeconomic conditions--a business-friendly legal and regulatory environment is the key driver of investment decisition. The report also explores the potential of FDI to create new growth opportunities for local firms, assesses the effectiveness of fiscal incentives in attracting FDI, analyzes the characteristics of FDI originating in developing countries--so-called South-South and South-North FDI--and examines the experience of foreign investors in countries afflicted by conflict and fragility"--Back cover

This paper provides a brief overview of recent oil and gas developments in Canada. It describes marketing problems that the Canadian natural gas industry is facing and reports on some encouraging new developments in the recovery of bitumen from the Alberta tar sands deposits. Finally, the paper analyzes the current pricing, royalty, and taxation regime existing in Canada and where this overall fiscal system seems to be heading.

The Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has interrupted Myanmar's economic expansion, and while Myanmar is expected to narrowly escape a recession, helped by a strong start to the fiscal year, policy responses, and the limited disease outbreak, the growth recovery is at great risk. Myanmar's GDP growth is estimated to drop from 6.8 percent in FY2018/19 to 0.5 percent in FY2019/20. Following strong activity in the first five months of the year, the pandemic and associated containment measures are undermining aggregate demand, disrupting value chains, and reducing the labor supply. The crisis has had an especially negative effect on wholesale and retail trade, tourism-related services, manufacturing, and construction, though weakening consumer demand is also projected to ease inflationary pressures in FY2019/20. Under the baseline scenario, Myanmar's GDP growth rate is projected to rise to 7.2 percent in the medium term, assuming that the domestic spread of the virus is brought under control, the impacts of the government's small but targeted Covid-19 Economic Relief Plan (CERP) materialize, and the global economy recovers. The anticipated recovery will be supported by rising investment in infrastructure and services, rebounding exports, and increased private consumption. However, risks to this year's growth estimate and the outlook are tilted heavily to the downside, as the unpredictable evolution of the pandemic could delay the resumption of economic activity. In all scenarios, severe damage to the operation of firms and the welfare of households is expected to pose serious risks to Myanmar's remarkable progress on poverty reduction.

Rapid urban growth, in spite of some limited success in controlling population expansion, will likely continue over the next two decades in much of the developing world. Growing evidence suggests that this surge of urbanization poses significant problems for urban development and management as well as for national economic progress in general. Despite relatively strong economies and development programmes this trend is quite conspicuous in Southeast Asia where policy concerns about resource allocation, informal sector development, fiscal capacity and urban services delivery have emerged.

The study examines monetary policy operations and economic growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2013. The purpose is to expose the impact of monetary policy operations on Nigeria?s economic growth. The data for the study were sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. The econometric methods of OLS, Co-integration and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) were employed as the analytical tools. The result of the parsimonious ECM shows that the overall model is satisfactory given the coefficient of determination of 53 percent and f-statistics of 2.150790. In addition, the variables of monetary policy (proxied by exchange rate, interest rate and money supply) are rightly signed. However, it was discovered that out of the explanatory variables, only interest rate was statistically significant at 5% level of significance in stimulating economic growth in Nigeria. Furthermore, the long run dynamic result also shows that there exists a long-run relationship or equilibrium among the variables. This is because the coefficient of ECM is rightly signed (that is negative) but statistically insignificant. Meaning that, the short run dynamics adjust to long run equilibrium relationship. Based on the findings, the study therefore suggests that monetary authority should review her exchange rate, interest rate and money supply policies so that the country?s capability to produce the goods and services its people want will be increased. Moreover, government/monetary authorities should promote activities in all the sectors of the economy particularly the agricultural and industrial sector to enhance output and reduce the rate of dependence on foreign goods. There should be co-operation between the monetary and fiscal authorities to ensure smooth co-ordination and consistency in monetary and fiscal pursuits.

The world faces major challenges due to wars, natural disasters, environmental fallout, human-itarian crises, economic downturns, political and social upheavals and global pandemics. Improving the quality of life in a hostile environment is a daunting task. Until recently, the state has been the driver of change and engine for growth. State intervention propelled the South and the East to advance but from economic perspectives - accelerated growth through robust fiscal and monetary policies, export expansion, import substitution, industrialization, infrastructure building and technological innovation (Zafarullah & Huque, 2012). State inter-vention was accompanied by policy intervention for promoting equality, equity, economy and social well-being (see Karagiannis & King, 2019). However, with the state's roll-back shaped by neoliberal approaches to development and the ramifications of globalization, the influences and interventions of the market, private sector, non-state organizations and international regimes take on critical dimensions in development and the policy process. Arguably, with restrained state functionality and the growing intensity of self-regulating markets, the sphere of democratic policymaking has considerably shrunk and the potential for policy failures increased (Peck, Theodore & Brenner, 2012). Perhaps this can be reversed or remitted by 'inclusive neoliberalism' (Porter & Craig, 2004). In general, the nature of the state, 'ideological' leanings of policy regimes, the structure of political power arrangements and the effects of stressors stemming from within national boundaries or beyond, determine the kind of policies to be adopted. The sorts of social, economic, environmental or technological transformation that a policy aims to attain will influence the preferences of the political leadership, amplitude of bureaucratic support, mechanics of the policy process, the degree of stakeholder involvement, force of public opinion and the influence or participation of the ...

The implications of monetary unification for fiscal policies are discussed. The roles of nominal exchange rate flexibility in the presence of asymmetric national shocks and nominal price rigidities as an automatic stabilizer and source of disturbances to real economic performance are reviewed. Two main themes are considered. The first is whether a system of fiscal insurance across member states qualitatively replicates the effects of autonomous monetary policy instruments when exchange rates are permanently fixed. It is argued that while fiscal insurance schemes increase the instruments available to fiscal authorities to influence resource allocation, they do not augment existing fiscal instruments in a manner that replicates monetary policy under long run monetary neutrality in an overlapping generations economy. Restrictions imposed on national fiscal instruments as a condition of monetary unification may give rise to a need for fiscal insurance to replace their role as stabilizers. The second theme adresses whether political unification is a necessary logical conclusion of the usefulness of fiscal insurance scheme. The argument that sustainable insurance arrangements can be devised without foregoing national sovereignty over fiscal policymaking is discussed.