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"Ouvrage reÌcompenseÌ par l'AcadeÌmie des sciences morales et politiques." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers for the Chinese intellectuals in the 20e century. This study focuses firstly on different groups of society, not only the intellectuals, but also average people and they were inspired by Rousseau. Secondly, the historical materials the author employed are not limited to political commentaries, academic articles, but also included a number of novels, plays or other literary works. In order to provide a complete interpretation of this subject, the author employed especially the imperial exam papers in the late Qing, which is breakthrough of the early studies in the similar subject. Over all speaking, this thesis is an excellent exploration of the themes which author sets but there are still some problems which should be modified for further study, such as content about the complexity of the thinking of Rousseau. The first part of this thesis collects more than two hundred historical documents mentioned Rousseau. By analyzing the historical source according to the time, the authors and the species, the thesis reveals an overall historical course how the Rousseau's ideas spread in the late Qing Dynasty. The second part of the article focuses on the intellectual elite and how they accept and understand Rousseau's thoughts. According to the historical database of this thesis, at late Qing, Liang Qichao is the intellectual who advocated the most the ideas of Rousseau. His attitude towards Rousseau turns from the praise to suspect and finally to criticize, but from the perspective of the history of the human civilization, Liang always holds a "stable" position towards Rousseau. The revolutionary intellectuals elites have an special mode in propagation of Rousseau's thoughts. Their propaganda system is from shallow to deep, covering all sectors of society crowd. Yan fu, although he criticized the political philosophy of Rousseau, also recognized the contribution of Rousseau as educator. The third part deals with the popular literature, literary works, which reveals an overview how the enlightenment values of Rousseau thought inspiring the Chines at late Qing. By analyzing the imperial exam papers, especially in the part of "policy question", the thesis discovers a split phenomenon in the class of the gentry, which shows the challenges and their answers of the gentry as defenders of the traditional social order at the late Qing Dynasty. ; Jean-Jacques Rousseau est l'un des philosophes les plus importants pour les intellectuels chinois dans le XXe siècle. Cette étude se concentre d'abord sur les différents groupes de la société, pas seulement les intellectuels, mais aussi la moyenne des gens et comment ils ont été inspirés par Rousseau. Deuxièmement, les documents historiques employés ne sont pas limités à des commentaires politiques, des articles académiques, mais sont également inclus un certain nombre de romans, de pièces de théâtre ou d'autres œuvres littéraires. Afin de donner une interprétation complète de ce sujet, l'auteur emploie surtout les copies d'examen impérial à la in des Qing, qui est une percée des sources historiques sur le thème similaire. En résumé cette thèse est une exploration de ce thème mais il ya encore quelques problèmes qui devraient être modifiés pour les études plus approfondies comme la complexité de la pensée de Rousseau en Chine. La première partie de la thèse rassemble plus de deux cents documents historiques mentionnant Rousseau. En analysant les sources historiques selon le temps, les auteurs et les types, la thèse révèle un parcours historique : comment se propagent les idées de Rousseau à al fin des Qing? La deuxième partie de l'article se concentre sur l'élite intellectuelle et la façon dont elle accepte et comprend les pensées de Rousseau. Selon la base de données historiques de cette thèse, à la fin des Qing, Liang Qi-Chao est l'intellectuel qui a le plus promu les idées de Rousseau. Son attitude envers Rousseau se détourne de la louange et soupçonne et critique. Du point de vue de l'historie de la civilisation humaine, Liang détient toujours une position "stable" sur Rousseau. Les élites révolutionnaires ont eu un mode de propagation spécial de la pensée de Rousseau. Leur système de propagande a couvert tous les secteurs de la société. Yan Fu, malgré qu'il ait critiqué la philosophie politique de Rousseau, a également reconnu la contribution de Rousseau en tant qu'éducateur. La troisième partie traite de la littérature populaire, des œuvres littéraires, qui révèlent comment les valeurs des Lumières de Rousseau ont inspiré les Chinois à la fin de Qing. En analysant les feuilles d'examen impérial, en particulier dans le cadre de "stratégie-question", la thèse montre un phénomène de "conflit" au sein de la gentry à propos de Rousseau et dévoile les défis et les réponses de la gentry, en tant que défenseur de l'ordre social traditionnel à la fin de la dynastie Qing.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers for the Chinese intellectuals in the 20e century. This study focuses firstly on different groups of society, not only the intellectuals, but also average people and they were inspired by Rousseau. Secondly, the historical materials the author employed are not limited to political commentaries, academic articles, but also included a number of novels, plays or other literary works. In order to provide a complete interpretation of this subject, the author employed especially the imperial exam papers in the late Qing, which is breakthrough of the early studies in the similar subject. Over all speaking, this thesis is an excellent exploration of the themes which author sets but there are still some problems which should be modified for further study, such as content about the complexity of the thinking of Rousseau. The first part of this thesis collects more than two hundred historical documents mentioned Rousseau. By analyzing the historical source according to the time, the authors and the species, the thesis reveals an overall historical course how the Rousseau's ideas spread in the late Qing Dynasty. The second part of the article focuses on the intellectual elite and how they accept and understand Rousseau's thoughts. According to the historical database of this thesis, at late Qing, Liang Qichao is the intellectual who advocated the most the ideas of Rousseau. His attitude towards Rousseau turns from the praise to suspect and finally to criticize, but from the perspective of the history of the human civilization, Liang always holds a "stable" position towards Rousseau. The revolutionary intellectuals elites have an special mode in propagation of Rousseau's thoughts. Their propaganda system is from shallow to deep, covering all sectors of society crowd. Yan fu, although he criticized the political philosophy of Rousseau, also recognized the contribution of Rousseau as educator. The third part deals with the popular literature, literary works, which ...

Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers for the Chinese intellectuals in the 20e century. This study focuses firstly on different groups of society, not only the intellectuals, but also average people and they were inspired by Rousseau. Secondly, the historical materials the author employed are not limited to political commentaries, academic articles, but also included a number of novels, plays or other literary works. In order to provide a complete interpretation of this subject, the author employed especially the imperial exam papers in the late Qing, which is breakthrough of the early studies in the similar subject. Over all speaking, this thesis is an excellent exploration of the themes which author sets but there are still some problems which should be modified for further study, such as content about the complexity of the thinking of Rousseau. The first part of this thesis collects more than two hundred historical documents mentioned Rousseau. By analyzing the historical source according to the time, the authors and the species, the thesis reveals an overall historical course how the Rousseau's ideas spread in the late Qing Dynasty. The second part of the article focuses on the intellectual elite and how they accept and understand Rousseau's thoughts. According to the historical database of this thesis, at late Qing, Liang Qichao is the intellectual who advocated the most the ideas of Rousseau. His attitude towards Rousseau turns from the praise to suspect and finally to criticize, but from the perspective of the history of the human civilization, Liang always holds a "stable" position towards Rousseau. The revolutionary intellectuals elites have an special mode in propagation of Rousseau's thoughts. Their propaganda system is from shallow to deep, covering all sectors of society crowd. Yan fu, although he criticized the political philosophy of Rousseau, also recognized the contribution of Rousseau as educator. The third part deals with the popular literature, literary works, which ...

Repr.: Archiv für Eisenbahnwesen, 1917-1919. ; Bibliography, p. [239-]242. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Faults Enough and to Spare -- 2 Defending the Faith -- 3 Beyond All Possible Bounds -- 4 The Parisians Have Gone Mad -- 5 That Damned Congress -- 6 Fusillade at Fourmies -- 7 A Dangerous Dream -- 8 Peasants and Patriots -- 9 Beaten But Not Stoned -- 10 Let Us Storm the Forts -- 11 The Myth That Seems Absurd -- 12 Pleasantries or Naïvetés -- 13 Absurd and Incredible Conduct -- 14 Party of Opposition -- 15 Socialism and the Intellectuals -- 16 A Force Retarding Human Progress -- 17 The Unperceived Force -- 18 One Reform on Top of Another -- 19 Simply ... Logical -- Afterword -- Notes -- Index

The 'modernizer' is a special species of the genus 'innovator' and one which only in the last century has appeared in large numbers on the human scene. There have, to be sure, been groups and individuals at many moments in world history who would qualify under the definition of the modernizer which I propose to use: 'one who seeks the transformation of his own society or segments of it in imitation of models drawn from another country or countries'. Those Japanese court officials of the seventh century who tried to remould their country on the model of T'ang China are a case in point, and one could probably find many examples on the fringes of the great empires of the past. But it is only in the last century of Western colonialism and rapid technological change that this has become a world-wide phenomenon. It is also only in the last century that the doctrine of human progress has achieved such implicit world-wide acceptance that the imitated models have been seen not simply as 'superior' but also as 'more advanced'—further ahead, that is, in some imputed scale of linear progressive development. The consciousness of backwardness, the concept of underdevelopment, are relatively new.