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destruction of cultural heritage in Aleppo: banality of an act of war? ', Cairn.info electronic distribution for Harmattan. © Harmattan. All rights reserved for all countries. Reproduction or representation of this article, in particular by photocopying, is authorised only within the limits of the general conditions of use of the site or, where applicable, the general terms and conditions of the licence entered into by your establishment. Any other reproduction or representation, in whole or in part, in any form and manner, shall be prohibited unless the publisher has given its prior written consent, except in the cases provided for by the legislation in force in France. It is specified that storage in a database is also prohibited. Global opinion is rife about the destruction of heritage in Syria, as elsewhere in other wars, almost as much as violence against people. Heritage is, however, an ambiguous object, since the emotion it produces, both in its contemplation and its destruction, far from being universal, depends on the particular sensitivity of the viewer. It is marked by education, social and identity affiliations, and some historical developments. Heritage lists are generally defined by art specialists, architects or historians, in accordance with aesthetic or scientific criteria which can be discussed. Before further analysing the recent destruction of the Alpine heritage, it is therefore important to clarify what heritage is in this context. ; International audience ; destruction of cultural heritage in Aleppo: banality of an act of war? ', Cairn.info electronic distribution for Harmattan. © Harmattan. All rights reserved for all countries. Reproduction or representation of this article, in particular by photocopying, is authorised only within the limits of the general conditions of use of the site or, where applicable, the general terms and conditions of the licence entered into by your establishment. Any other reproduction or representation, in whole or in part, in any form and manner, shall be ...

This article is based on research into history and anthropology of Albanian cultural traditions under autocratic and totalitarian conditions. In Albania, the main trends in the system of current forms of cultural traditions, in addition to the overall reduction, also concerned folklorising reconstitutions and updates. Under the pretext of effectiveness, or more simply because of the absence of a real cultural and social project, such a company, 'pseudo-culturalist', has generally reduced the legitimacy of identity claims to fixed values, such as the use of an idealistic concept of traditional culture, which despite the terminology advanced by official Albanian ethnology, is conceived outside history and social contradictions. Such a lock-in of identities has become dangerous in several respects. In addition to the political manipulation she has allowed, the official vision of traditional, impoverished and reductive culture has denied universal tendencies, the common features it shares with other cultures and societies, in particular with neighbours, the Slaves in the North and East or the Greeks in the South, thus running counter to the dynamics of intercultural exchange from which all societies derive without exception. ; International audience ; This article is based on research into history and anthropology of Albanian cultural traditions under autocratic and totalitarian conditions. In Albania, the main trends in the system of current forms of cultural traditions, in addition to the overall reduction, also concerned folklorising reconstitutions and updates. Under the pretext of effectiveness, or more simply because of the absence of a real cultural and social project, such a company, 'pseudo-culturalist', has generally reduced the legitimacy of identity claims to fixed values, such as the use of an idealistic concept of traditional culture, which despite the terminology advanced by official Albanian ethnology, is conceived outside history and social contradictions. Such a lock-in of identities has become ...

International audience Although the conservative talk radio program The Rush Limbaugh Show focuses almost exclusively on economic issues and although moral issues are of secondary importance, this article examines the first years of the program in order to show that, through his emphasis on the AIDS crisis and his treatment of the issue, Limbaugh became actively involved in the culture wars. However, as society evolved towards more acceptance of people with AIDS and the epidemic came to be recognized as a sanitary crisis warranting aggressive govemment intervention, discourses stigmatizing AIDS patients and moral assessments of the crisis lost legitimacy. Therefore, this article seeks to demonstrate how, throughout the early years of his program, Limbaugh tailored his rhetorical strategy to such changes in order to continue framing the AIDS crisis in strictly moral terms, thereby minimizing the scope of the epidemic, delegitimizing govemment activism in awareness campaigns and exonerating the Reagan administration.