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As Brazil moved from a highly controlled and concentrated economy to a freer and more competitive one, the antitrust regime developed. The article outlines this historical process. We begin by addressing how the first norms with antitrust-like provisions were created from the 1930s until 1962. We then discuss the difficult operation of the competition authority (CADE) during the military regime from 1964 to 1985. After examining a transition period marked by democratization and a new constitutional order, we correlate the market-oriented reforms of the 1990s with what became the first antitrust statute to be effectively implemented. We then present the more well-known history of this 1994 statute: the initial focus on merger control and the subsequent shift toward cartel enforcement. The article concludes by examining the main challenges facing the Brazilian competition authorities today, including the implementation of the new antitrust statute passed in December 2011.

'Brazil: Five Centuries of Change' by Thomas E. Skidmore and 'A Concise History of Brazil' by Boris Fausto are reviewed. Brazil: Five Centuries of Change by Thomas E. Skidmore and A Concise History of Brazil by Boris Fausto are reviewed.

An exploration of the main features of Brazil's history that have resulted in excessive concentration of property & political power, extensive underemployment of labor & natural resources, & persistent attachment to external motivations. The "owners of power" owe their pervasive influence to independence (1822), & during a unique empire that lasted for almost seventy years, they succeeded in retrieving from colonial times an internalization of the archaic metropolitan political & economic centralization. Now, however, there is a widespread feeling that the socioeconomic modernization of Brazil can no longer be neglected. A review of recent studies that, despite the difficulties presently faced, the possibilities for improving the situation are encouraging. The role of the state remains a much discussed subject. 31 References. Modified AA