Suchergebnisse

Argues that Westphalian sovereignty, which refers to the capacity of national authorities to exercise effective internal control, is a sham because it is so often violated through conventions, contracts, coercion, and imposition. Summary in English p. 255.

Cover -- Quartino -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part I - Defining state secrecy -- Chapter 1 - State secrecy in domestic legal systems -- Chapter 2 - State secrecy in the international legal system -- Part II - State secrecy and the international protection of human rights -- Chapter 3 - State secrecy and treaty monitoring bodies'practice -- Chapter 4 - State secrecy beyond treaties: towards a customary norm prohibiting recourse to state secrecy to conceal gross human rights violations? -- Part III - Theoretical and practical issues arising from the horizoantal and vertical interaction among norms and legal orders -- Chapter 5 - From state to international organisation secrecy -- Chapter VI - To disclose or not to disclose state secrets? The dilemmas of interstate cooperation in the field of intelligence, diplomacy, and mutual legal assistence -- General conclusions -- Bibliography -- Printed by.

El tema central de este artículo se centra en los debates en torno a la participación y el papel movilizador de los consejos. El artículo presenta las tensiones presentes en los consejos, derivadas de su vaciado sistémico de las funciones "tradicionales", para avanzar con respecto a su papel político de movilización. Con este fin, presentamos la génesis de los consejos seguida de siete tesis sobre la perspectiva de democratización del WEC, presentando sus consecuentes antítesis e indicando al lector la tarea de reflexionar sobre sus respectivas síntesis. Vale la pena mencionar que la autonomía de los consejos y concejales es parte de los procesos democráticos de la organización municipal de políticas de educación pública, es decir, tiene relación con un proyecto colectivo de sociedad justa e igualitaria, lo que implica tener acceso a patrimonios materiales, sociales, culturales, económicas y políticas. ; The central issue of this article focuses on the debates surrounding the participation and mobilizing role of councils. The article presents the tensions present in the councils, originating from their systemic emptying of "traditional" functions, to an advance with regard to its political role of mobilization. To this end, we present the genesis of the councils followed by seven theses on the democratization perspective of the CME, presenting its consequent antitheses and indicating to the reader the task of reflecting on their respective syntheses. It is worth mentioning that the autonomy of councils and councilors is part of the democratic processes of the municipal organization of public education policies, that is, it is related to a collective project of a just and egalitarian society, which implies having access to material, social, cultural, economic and political goods. ; A questão central deste artigo focaliza os debates que giram em torno da participação e papel mobilizador dos conselhos. O artigo apresenta os tensionamentos presentes nos conselhos, originários de seu esvaziamento sistêmico de funções "tradicionais", para um avanço no que diz respeito ao seu papel político de mobilização; para tanto faz-se uma apresentação da gênese dos conselhos seguida por sete teses sobre a perspectiva de democratização do CME, apresentando suas consequentes antíteses e indicando ao leitor a tarefa de fazer uma reflexão quanto às respectivas sínteses. Vale dizer que a autonomia dos conselhos e dos conselheiros se insere no campo dos processos democráticos da organização municipal das políticas públicas de educação, ou seja, está relacionada a um projeto coletivo de sociedade justa e igualitária, o que implica ter acesso aos bens materiais, sociais, culturais, econômicos e políticos.

Co-operative Law has a long tradition in European countries, like the Industrial and Provident Act in the United Kingdom in1852 or the Prussian Co-operatives Act in 1867. The European Union was no born to create a common law but to remove restrictions on the freedom of establishment. In 2003 the Statute for a European Co-operative Society was approved, but harmonization of European co-operative legislation was never carried out, not even for its most importante distinctive elements. In 2012 the European Commission presented a report about the application of the SCE Statute showing that the SCE Regulation has had relatively little success. The differences between the different legal systems are considerable, both in forma and in content. European Commission expressed its intention not to carry out the harmonization of the European co-operative legislation directly, but to support the harmonization proposals that the co-operative sector presented to it. El derecho cooperativo tiene una larga tradición en los países europeos, desde la Industrial and Provident Act de 1952 en Reino Unido o la Ley prusiana de cooperativas de 1867. La Unión Europea no nació para crear un derecho común sino para surprimir las restricciones a la libertad de establecimiento. In 2003 se aprobó el Estatuto de la Sociedad Cooperativa Europea, pero nunca se ha llevado a cabo una armonización de la legislación cooperativa en Europa, ni siquiera en relación con sus elementos más característicos. En 2012, la Comisión Europea presentó un informe sobre la aplicación del Estatuto de la SCE que mostraba que esta regulación había tenido relativamente poco éxito. Las diferencias entre los diferentes sistemas legales son considerables, tanto formalmente como por su contenido. La Comisión Europea ya manifestó su intención de no llevar a cabo la armonización de la legislación cooperativa europea directamente, pero sí apoyar las propuestas de armonización presentadas por el sector cooperativo.