Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- Jurisdiction to tax -- Sourcing income and deductions -- Taxation of non-residents : investment income -- Taxation of non-residents : business income -- Transfer pricing -- Taxation of residents : investment income -- Taxation of residents : business income -- The United States and the tax treaty network -- Tax competition, tax arbitrage, and the future of the international tax regime.

"What is the role of international organizations in the international political system? The fourth edition of the Clive Archer widely used textbook continues to provide students with an introduction to international organizations, exploring their rise and development, and accounts for their significance in the modern international political system. International Organizations fourth edition has been fully updated to take into account the considerable developments in the field since the last edition was published in 2001. It continues to offer an unique concise yet comprehensive approach offering students an accessible and manageable introduction to this core part of international relations. An authoritative guide to the literature about international organizations, it also provides advice on further reading"--

Competing British practices during the Spanish Civil WarConclusion; References; 8 Domestic practices and balancing: integrating practice into neoclassical realism; Neoclassical realism, domestic practices, and balancing; Bipartisanship and American foreign policy, 1945-1950; Conclusion: practice makes perfect?; References; Part IV Practices in practice; 9 Banking on power: how some practices in an international organization anchor others; Introduction; States, IOs, and the boundaries between them; Knowledge, discourse, practices; Anchoring practices; The World Bank; The CPIA and the PBA.

This book is motivated by a question: when should international courts intervene in domestic affairs? To answer this question thoroughly, the book is broken down into a series of separate inquiries: when is intervention legitimate? When can international courts identify good legal solutions? When will intervention initiate useful processes? When will it lead to good outcomes? These inquiries are answered based on reviewing judgments of international courts, strategic analysis, and empirical findings. The book outlines under which conditions intervention by international courts is recommended and evaluates the implications that international courts have on society.

The Impact of International Organizations on International Law addresses how international organizations, particularly those within the UN system, have changed the forms, contents, and effects of international law. Alvarez considers the impact on sovereigns and actions taken by the contemporary Security Council, the UN General Assembly, and UN Specialized Agencies such as the World Health Organization. He considers the diverse functions performed by adjudicators? from judges of the International Criminal Court to arbitrators within the international investment regime. This text raises fundamental questions concerning the future of international law given the challenges international organizations pose to legal positivism, to traditional conceptions of sovereignty, and to the rule of law itself.

This new textbook introduces readers to the nature, structure and purpose of international organizations (IOs). Taking a broad, issues-based approach, the book goes beyond a conventional focus on topics like security and finance to cover global health, migration, food security, and technology. In addition to providing cases of the best-known intergovernmental organizations such as the UN and the World Trade Organization, this text gives space to a wide variety of other bodies, including international non-governmental organizations, non-state actors and multinational enterprises. It looks at the motivations behind regional cooperation with case studies of the European Union and the African Union, and at human rights with reference to bodies as diverse as the International Criminal Court and Amnesty International. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, International Organizations uses a range of pedagogical tools and visual features to guide understanding. These include: graphs to illustrate key trends; regional and world maps to illustrate wealth, democracy and development; tables of major international treaties and organizations; chapter previews; and lists of key terms and organizations. The text also makes use of IOs in Theory, IOs in Action and Spotlight boxes to answer focused questions and provide more detail on how IOs operate in different parts of the world. This contemporary survey is an essential text for those studying global governance and international organizations.

1 Introduction -- 2 The classical (Ricardo-Torrens) theory of comparative costs -- 3 The neoclassical theory of international trade -- 4 The Heckscher-Ohlin model -- 5 Tariffs, protection, economic integration -- 6 International trade and economic growth -- 7 Some refinements of the orthodox theory -- 8 The "new" theories of international trade -- 9 Neo-Ricardian theories of international trade -- 10 The foreign exchange market -- 11 Balance of payments and national accounts -- 12 The role of the exchange rate in the adjustment process in a partial equilibrium framework -- 13 The role of income changes in the adjustment process -- 14 The absorption approach and interactions between exchange rate and income in the adjustment process -- 15 Money and other assets in the adjustment process under fixed exchange rates -- 16 Money and other assets in the adjustment process under flexible exchange rates -- 17 International capital movements and other problems -- 18 Fixed versus flexible exchange rates -- 19 International liquidity and international financial markets -- 20 The problem of integration between the pure theory of international trade and international monetary economics -- Name Index of Book I and Book II -- Subject Index of Book I and Book II.

Originally published in 1958, this book assesses the continuity and variety of international societies as they have existed in recent history. Although the study of international institutions is firmly based on a foundation of law, this book also encompasses sociology, history and politics. The introduction defines the elements of international society in terms of the accepted principles of group psychology. Part 1 considers the origins of 20th Century international institutions. This historical analysis runs from the ancient civilizations through to the greatly changed relations which followed World War II. The general notions and sources of international law are then examined. Part 2 deals with the structure of day-to-day relations between States and the means of recognizing changes within a State. The United Nations and principal regional organizations are also examined.

'Rogue states' have been high on the international security agenda for many years but their theoretical significance for International Relations has remained poorly understood. In contrast to the bulk of writings on 'rogue states' that address them merely as a policy challenge, this book focuses on what we can learn from deviance about the international system and international society. Building on three basic insights developed in social constructivism and critical theory, this volume brings together interdisciplinary insights into the study of 'rogue states', exploring the role of comity and decency in labelling of 'rogue states', the impact labelling has on behaviour, how to treat a 'rogue state', how 'rogue' status can be withdrawn and what part the role of international law has to play in this process. This unique and wide-ranging study will appeal to scholars of Sociology, Criminology, Political Science, International Relations and International Law.