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International audience ; The etiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is complex and involves many suspected risk factors. Scientific evidence remains insufficient, in particular in the agricultural field. The goal of our study was to investigate associations between agricultural activities and CNS tumors in the entire French farm manager workforce using data from the TRACTOR project. The TRACTOR project hold a large administrative health database covering the entire French agricultural workforce, over the period 2002-2016, on the whole French metropolitan territory. Associations were estimated for 26 activities and CNS tumors using Cox proportional hazards model, with time to first CNS tumor insurance declaration as the underlying timescale, adjusting for sex, age and geographical area. There were 1017 cases among 1 036 069 farm managers, including 317 meningiomas and 479 gliomas. Associations varied with tumor types, sex and types of crop and animal farming. Analyses showed several increased risks of CNS tumors, in particular for animal farming. The main increases in risk were observed for meningioma in mixed dairy and cow farming (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.81) and glioma in pig farming (HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.37-3.80). Our study brings new insights on the association of a wide range of agricultural activities and CNS tumor and subtype-specific risks in farm managers. Although these findings need to be corroborated in further studies and should be interpreted cautiously, they could have implications for enhancing CNS tumor surveillance in agriculture.

The authors thank the Hematopathology Collection registered at the Biobank of Hospital Clínic—Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) as well as Sílvia Martín for the technical support. This study was supported by the "la Caixa" Foundation (CLLEvolution-LCF/PR/HR17/52150017, Health Research 2017 Program HR17-00221, to EC), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (810287, BCLLatlas, to EC, and HH), CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya Suport Grups de Recerca AGAUR 2017-SGR-1142 (to EC), CIBERONC (CB16/12/00225 to EC), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2020-117185RB-I00 (to XSP), FEDER: European Regional Development Fund "Una manera de hacer Europa", and Fundación Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer FUNCAR-PRYGN211258SUÁR (to XSP). The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum4 and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center (RES activity BCV-2018-3-0001). FN acknowledge research support from the American Association for Cancer Research (2021 AACR-Amgen Fellowship in Clinical/Translational Cancer Research, Grant Number 21-40-11-NADE), the European Hematology Association (EHA Junior Research Grant 2021, Grant Number RG-202012-00245), and the Lady Tata Memorial Trust (International Award for Research in Leukemia 2021–2022, Grant Number LADY_TATA_21_3223). EC is an Academia Researcher of the "Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats" (ICREA) of the Generalitat de Catalunya. This work was partially developed at the Centre Esther Koplowitz (CEK, Barcelona, Spain). ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

International audience ; THz polarization control upon generation is a crucially missing functionality. THz spintronic emitters based on the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) allow for this by the strict implicit orthogonality between their magnetization state and the emitted polarization. This control was until now only demonstrated using cumbersome external magnetic field biasing to impose a polarization direction. We present here an efficient voltage control of the polarization state of terahertz spintronic emitters. Using a ferromagnetic spin pumping multilayer exhibiting simultaneously strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction in a crossed configuration, an emitter is achieved where, in principle, the stable magnetization direction can be fully and reversibly controlled over a 90° angle span only by an electric voltage. To achieve this, an engineered rare-earth based ferromagnetic multilayer is deposited on a piezoelectric (1−x)[Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.66)O3]−x[PbTiO3] (PMN-PT) substrate. We demonstrate experimentally a reversible 70° THz polarization rotation by sweeping the substrate voltage over 400 V. This demonstration allows for a fully THz polarization controlled ISHE spintronic terahertz emitter not needing any control of the magnetic bias.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 863155 (s-Nebula). The authors would like to thank the RENATECH network and the Barrande Fellowship Programme and acknowledge the support from the Government of the Czech Republic (Doctoral Grant competition CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/19_073/0016945 under Project No. DGS/TEAM/2020-027).

International audience ; THz polarization control upon generation is a crucially missing functionality. THz spintronic emitters based on the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) allow for this by the strict implicit orthogonality between their magnetization state and the emitted polarization. This control was until now only demonstrated using cumbersome external magnetic field biasing to impose a polarization direction. We present here an efficient voltage control of the polarization state of terahertz spintronic emitters. Using a ferromagnetic spin pumping multilayer exhibiting simultaneously strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction in a crossed configuration, an emitter is achieved where, in principle, the stable magnetization direction can be fully and reversibly controlled over a 90° angle span only by an electric voltage. To achieve this, an engineered rare-earth based ferromagnetic multilayer is deposited on a piezoelectric (1−x)[Pb(Mg0.33Nb0.66)O3]−x[PbTiO3] (PMN-PT) substrate. We demonstrate experimentally a reversible 70° THz polarization rotation by sweeping the substrate voltage over 400 V. This demonstration allows for a fully THz polarization controlled ISHE spintronic terahertz emitter not needing any control of the magnetic bias.This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 863155 (s-Nebula). The authors would like to thank the RENATECH network and the Barrande Fellowship Programme and acknowledge the support from the Government of the Czech Republic (Doctoral Grant competition CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/19_073/0016945 under Project No. DGS/TEAM/2020-027).

International audience ; The global COVID-19 Coronavirus outbreak overwhelmed the world in 2020. The unprecedent pandemic situation, elicited by the invisible virus SARS-CoV-2, shattered people's usual benchmarks and representations of reality. Storytelling proliferates in times of crisis because this universal phenomenon allows people to structure the shapeless reality via meaning-making processes, and therefore to cope with the collective upheaval that represents the COVID-19 outbreak. The current research aims to investigate the storytelling underpinning the social construction of the invisible virus, conveyed by written and oral narratives of older adults. The automatized qualitative data analyses of older adults' written narratives (N = 144) demonstrated that the virus represents serious danger of sickness which arouses negative emotional reactions and the duality of life and death. The analyses of older adults' oral narratives (N = 26) demonstrated that their storytelling tends to anchor the biological functioning of the virus, which remains a mystery and a source of various fears, fantasies and fascinations. Furthermore, the "war metaphor" and martial rhetoric that emerged in the storytelling of older adults indicate a shared pool of knowledge that resonates in line with the COVID-19 mass media and political storytelling in France. Indeed, older adults' storytelling is anchored within specific spatio-temporal dimensions, as every extreme situation occurs within a particular time and space. Thus, the storytelling of a virus, that should be apprehended as a journey of meaning, demonstrates a hidden coherence and a collectively shared base of COVID-19 narratives.

International audience ; Once previous industrial activity has ceased, brownfields are found in urban and suburban environments and managed in different ways ranging from being left untouched to total reconversion. These situations apply to large surface areas often impacted by residual diffuse pollution. Though significant and preventing any sensitive use, residual contamination does not necessarily require treatment. Moreover, conventional treatments show their technical and economic limits in these situations and gentle remediation options such as phytomanagement might appear more relevant to the management of those sites. Thus, these sites face up two major issues: managing moderate contamination levels and providing an alternative use of economic interest. This work proposes to assess a management strategy associating the phytoremediation of organic pollution along with the production of biomass for energy generation production. A 16-week controlled growth experiment was conducted on a soil substrate moderately impacted by multiple pollution (trace elements, mainly Zn and Pb, and hydrocarbons), by associating rhizodegradation with Medicago sativa or biomass production with Robinia pseudoacacia or Alnus incana in monocultures. The effect of a microbial inoculum amendment on the performances of these treatments was also evaluated. Results showed total hydrocarbons (TH), and to a lesser extent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), concentrations decreased over time, whatever the plant cover. Good biomass production yields were achieved for both tree species in comparison with the control sample, even though R. pseudoacacia seemed to perform better. Furthermore, the quality of the biomass produced was in conformity with the thresholds set by the legislation concerning its use as a renewable energy source.

International audience ; The aim of this research is to identify what social and psychological variables may attract people to a social protest movement, namely the Yellow Vests (YVs) in France, which originated in October 2018. This analysis, albeit correlational, may nevertheless give important hints to identify in an exploratory way what causal factors could lead people (a) to become a sympathizer of the movement and (b) to become a member of that movement, and what psychosocial consequences would derive from (a) and (b). Notably, the role of conspiracy beliefs and anomie will be scrutinized because of their role in fostering non-normative political violence. In this purpose, we analyzed the results of a poll conducted on a representative sample of the French population (N = 1760). This survey explored a range of respondents' attitudes towards social issues and towards the YVs movement. Our analyses showed that adherence to the YVs movement is mainly caused by socioeconomic factors (such as educational level, economic capital) and belonging to political extremes (far left and even more far right), relying on and probably increasing distrust toward authorities and unconventional beliefs (paranormal and conspiracist). Ultimately, adherence to the movement seems triggered by the objective factor of dependency on a car and endorsement of conspiracist beliefs; whereas, simple sympathy is related to a less irrational form of accusation of authorities, low subjective economic capital, and pessimism toward the future. YVs also more often use social media and Youtube, but less often use media websites and newspapers as their first source of information.

International audience ; As political polarization increases across many of the world's established democracies, many citizens are unwilling to appreciate and consider the viewpoints of those who disagree with them. Previous research shows that this lack of reflection can undermine democratic accountability. The purpose of this paper is to study whether empathy for the other can motivate people to reason reflectively about politics. Extant studies have largely studied trait-level differences in the ability and inclination of individuals to engage in reflection. Most of these studies focus on observational moderators, which makes it difficult to make strong claims about the effects of being in a reflective state on political decision making. We extend this research by using a survey experiment with a large and heterogeneous sample of UK citizens (N = 2014) to investigate whether a simple empathy intervention can induce people to consider opposing viewpoints and incorporate those views in their opinion about a pressing political issue. We find that actively imagining the feelings and thoughts of someone one disagrees with prompts more reflection in the way that people reason about political issues as well as elicits empathic feelings of concern towards those with opposing viewpoints. We further examine whether empathy facilitates openness to attitude change in the counter-attitudinal direction and find that exposure to an opposing perspective (without its empathy component) per se is enough to prompt attitude change. Our study paints a more nuanced picture of the relationship between empathy, reflection and policy attitudes.

International audience ; This paper discusses geographies of revolution and their potentialities for providing new notions of space to critical, subaltern and decolonial geopolitics. It does so by addressing a virtually unknown case, that is works of Cuban revolutionary and geographer Antonio Nuñez–Jiménez (1923–1998), especially his 1959 Geografía de Cuba. This book was published during the revolutionary period, after the fall of dictator Fulgencio Batista and before the 1961 official 'socialist' turn of the new (authoritarian) Castroist regime. According to respected scholarship, the original inspiration of the Cuban revolution was democratic and anticolonialist, and its initial components quite heterogeneous. My argument is twofold. Firstly, I contend that revolutions occur independently from narrow ideological labels that were imposed later, and geographies of revolution express their performative potentialities for prefiguring new worlds independently from the (re)establishment of post-revolutionary states. Secondly, I suggest that Jiménez's elaborations on the Cuban Monte as a (revolutionary) space of alterity can nourish decolonial geopolitics which are alternative to European ideas of bounded territoriality. Corresponding to the rough and 'uncivilised' hinterland where historical experiences of Indio and Afro-Cuban insurgences took place, the Monte became a concept defining subversion and alterity through Jiménez's claims that these early insurgences found their continuators in the nineteenth-century anticolonial fighters and in the 1950s guerrillas. By addressing Jiménez's original writings, which were never translated into English, I also extend current literature rediscovering critical and radical geographies beyond their Northern and Anglo-American 'core'.

BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has an enormous effect on human lives and the global environment. This review aimed to assess the global scientific evidence on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on natural resources using international databases and search engines. Thus, the unprecedented anthropause due to COVID-19 has positive and negative effects on natural resources. MAIN BODY: This review showed that the unprecedented pandemic lockdown events brought a negative impact on the physical environment, including pollution associated with a drastic increase in person protective equipment, deforestation, illegal poaching and logging, overfishing, disruption of the conservation program and projects. It is noted that the spread of pandemic diseases could be aggravated by environmental pollution and a rapid increase in the global population. Despite these negative impacts of COVID-19, the anthropause appear to have also several positive effects on natural resources such as short term reduction of indoor and outdoor environmental pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO(2), SO(2), CO, and CO(2)), reduction in noise pollutions from ships, boats, vehicles, and planes which have positive effects on aquatic ecosystems, water quality, birds behaviour, wildlife biodiversity, and ecosystem restoration. CONCLUSION: Therefore, governments and scientific communities across the globe have called for a green recovery to COVID-19 and implement multi-actor interventions and environmentally friendly technologies to improve and safeguard sustainable environmental and biodiversity management and halt the next pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Home delivery is a predominant driver of maternal and neonatal deaths in developing countries. Despite the efforts of international organizations in Pakistan, home childbirth is common in the remote and rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. We studied women's position within the household (socio-economic dependence, maternal health decision making, and social mobility) and its association with the preference for home delivery. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional household survey among 503 ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years), who have had childbirth in the last twelve months or were pregnant (more than 6 months) at the time of the interview. A two-stage cluster sampling technique has been used for recruitment. Descriptive and bivariate analyses have been conducted. A binary logistic regression model was calculated to present odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for factor associated with home delivery. RESULTS: An inferior status of women, restrictions in mobility and limited power in decision making related to household purchases, maternal health care, and outdoor socializing are contributing factors of home delivery. Furthermore, women having faced intimate partner violence were much more likely to deliver at home (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.83.3.86, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: We concluded that women are in a position with minimal authority in decision making to access and deliver the baby in any health facility. We recommend that the government should ensure the availability of health facilities in nearby locations to increase institutional deliveries in the study area.

Identity Management (IdM) systems are being stridently developed by governments across the globe. National and international governmental institutions see them as a panacea for the many ills plaguing society – by increasing the inclusion of historically marginalized communities, bettering the planned development of society, improving security, and effectively distributing social welfare benefits, services and subsidies. Diametrically opposed to this viewpoint are human rights activists and researchers who see such systems as authoritarian encroachments on fundamental human rights and freedoms by governments whose true purpose is actually the establishment of inescapable surveillance systems. This thesis provides a multidisciplinary, theoretical, model for understanding IdM systems named the Appropriate Access Model (AAM). Accounting for the history, laws, technology and culture surrounding IdM systems, the views summarised above become complementary instead of contradictory. Following a systems-theoretic approach, the AAM provides concrete recommendations for implementing bespoke national IdM systems as well as analysing existing systems at various stages of its lifecycle. The AAM is based on the anticipated purpose of the system, the way a particular society is organised, and the level of assurance required from such systems. The model also acknowledges the impact of attitudes towards IdM systems grounded in cultural values, individual beliefs and trust in government. These recommendations are aimed at: (1) policymakers who are in the process of designing an IdM system for their society; and (2) scholars and officials who are in either an ex-ante or ex-post process of evaluating an IdM system for its fitness, performance, and impact on society.

International audience ; The Open Access Citation Advantage (OACA) has been a major topic of discussion in the literature over the past twenty years. In this paper, we propose a method to constitute a control group to isolate the OACA effect. Thus, we compared citation impact (MNCS) of 2,458,378 publications in fully OA journals to that (weighted MNCS) of a control group of non-OA publications (#10,310,842). Similarly, we did the same exercise for OA publications in hybrid journals (#1,024,430) and their control group (#11,533,001), over the period 2010-2020. The results showed that there is no OACA for publications in fully OA journals, and that there is rather a disadvantage. Conversely, the OACA seems to be a reality in hybrid journals, suggesting that a better accessibility tends to improve the impact of publications. The lack of OACA for publications in fully OA journals is to be expected, as a great proportion of OA journals are newly created and less attractive to high-impact senior researchers.Another striking result of this paper is the fall of the OACA from 2016. The citation advantage fell from 70% to 9% between 2016 and 2020 (for publications in hybrid journals). We wonder if this fall is linked to the increase in the notoriety of pirate sites (eg Sci-Hub) from 2016. In other words, the democratization of pirate sites instantly cancels the positive effect of OA publication insofar as the question of access to scientific content no longer arises.

The Chinese government introduced the Digital Silk Road (DSR) in a 2015 white paper as a component of its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It is essentially the technology dimension of the BRI and encompasses all things technology related, from "the development of the digital service sector, such as cross-border e-commerce, smart cities, telemedicine, and internet finance," to accelerating "technological progress including computing, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, block chain, and quantum computing." Hitherto driven mainly by Chinese private companies and seen largely as a branding tool for Beijing to promote its global vision of technology, the DSR is increasingly becoming a central part of the BRI, and the Chinese government is increasingly taking a strategic approach to it. At the first BRI forum in Beijing in May 2017, Chinese leader Xi Jinping emphasized the role of the DSR within BRI, calling for international cooperation in the areas of digital economy and the integration of new technologies such as AI, cloud computing, smart cities, quantum computing, big data, and nanotechnology into the BRI to foster innovation-driven development. With the DSR, Beijing aims to facilitate Chinese companies' participation in the development of information and communication technologies globally, to increase China's capacity and influence in setting global technology standards and cyber governance norms, to enable Beijing to influence global discourse on China, and to accelerate China's ascent to global technology leadership. These efforts start with improving digital connectivity in (and with) countries participating in the BRI. ; publishedVersion

The Aceh region became a battleground in the Dutch-Indonesian Revolutionary War of Independence, which lasted from 1945 to 1949. Bireuen, as one of Aceh's cities, became the core of the fight to stop the Dutch invasion of Indonesia. This research looks at the function of Bireuen, which has taken the jargon of "Kota Juang". The reference technique in this study is historical research utilizing a qualitative approach. The data was also gathered through a literature review, which included books, journals, and document reviews, as well as field observations, which included memoirs written by the offenders and historical witnesses in the occurrence. Bireuen has three primary functions following the completion of the study. First, the city of Bireuen served as the focal point for the military defensive equipment for the battle, which was gained as a result of the Japanese armory's spoils of war. The existence of the TNI Headquarters Division X in Bireuen as a command center for attacks against the Dutch in the Medan Area is the second reason. Three, the role of Radio Rimba Raya in international debunking of Dutch propaganda. This radio program begins by stating that Indonesia is an independent country and that Aceh is a part of the Republic of Indonesia's Unitary State. The Dutch recognized Indonesia's sovereignty as an independent country after three main roles and several supporting parts in the Indonesian Independence Revolution in Bireuen. On this premise, Bireuen is deserving of the nickname of "City of Fighting for the Independence Revolution".Keywords: Juang City, Independence Revolution, Independence Revolutionary War.