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This innovative new textbook seeks to provide undergraduate students of international relations with valuable and relevant historical context, bridging the gap and offering a genuinely interdisciplinary approach. Each chapter integrates both historical analysis and literature and applies this to an international relations context in an accessible fashion, allowing students to understand the historical context in which these core issues have developed. The book is organised thematically around the key issues in international relations such as war, peace, sovereignty, diplomacy, identity, political violence, empire and international organisations. Each chapter provides an overview of the main historical context, theories and literature in each area and applies this to the study of international relations. Providing a fresh approach, this work will be essential reading for all students of international relations and international relations theory.

The United Nations held a week-long Congress on Public International Law at its headquarters in New York in 1995 - the year of the celebration of the Organization's fiftieth anniversary - under the general theme `Towards the Twenty-first Century: International Law as a Language for International Relations'. The purpose of the Congress was thus to assist the international community, and in particular the legal profession, to meet the challenges and expectations of the present-day world. Views were expressed, and exchanged, on the codification, progressive development and implementation of public international law, both in theory and in practice, as well as on its teaching and dissemination. The Proceedings of the United Nations Congress contain the presentations and lectures of well-known jurists and professors - in the language given (English, French or Spanish) - as well as discussions that took place after the lectures. Subject matter includes: (1) The principles of international law: theoretical and practical aspects of their promotion and implementation; (2) Means of peaceful settlement of disputes between States, including resort to and full respect for the International Court of Justice; (3) Conceptual and practical aspects of the codification and progressive development of international law: new developments and priorities; (4) New approaches to research, education and training in the field of international law and its wider appreciation; and (5) Towards the twenty-first century: new challenges and expectations

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- L -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- 1 The Development and Nature of International Law -- Introduction -- The Historical Development of International Law -- The Binding Nature of International Law -- The Enforcement of International Law -- Centralized enforcement machinery -- Extra-legal considerations -- The enforcement of international law by individual states -- 2 The General Principles of International Law -- States as Sovereign Entities -- What is a state? -- State sovereignty and international law -- States as the Primary Subjects of International Law -- International organizations -- Individuals -- The Sources of International Law -- Customary international law -- Treaties as sources of international law -- Other sources of international law -- 3 International Relations Perspectives on International Law -- The Approach of International Relations Theories to International Law -- Realism -- Institutionalism -- Liberalism -- Constructivism -- Recent Interdisciplinary Work on the Role of International Law -- Byers: custom, power and the power of rules -- Koh: why nations obey -- Arend: do international rules matter? -- Conclusions -- 4 Preventing the Use of Force by States: Korea, the Gulf Conflict and Beyond -- Introduction -- Korea (1950) -- The Gulf Conflict (1990-1) -- The Legality of Subsequent 'Enforcement' Actions -- Iraq (1998) -- Kosovo (1999) -- Conclusions -- 5 Diplomacy and the Threat of Force -- Introduction -- The Threat of Force as a Tool of International Diplomacy -- The Legality of the Threat of Force -- Permissible Threats of Force -- The Legality of the Threat of Force in the Gulf Conflict -- Conclusions -- 6 Extraditing Pinochet -- Introduction -- The Issues -- The Decision in Ex parte Pinochet -- Extraditable crimes.

How the Brain's Neural Encoding Function Contributes to Communication and Conflict Dynamics --The United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation : Its Genesis, Negotiation and Future --Enforcement of Mediated Settlement Agreements under the Singapore Convention and the UNCITRAL Model Law : An Argument for the Opt-In Model --Mediators' Code of Conduct and Ethical Guidelines : A Comparative Analysis --Mediation for Settlement and Prevention of Inter-State Conflicts --Can You Leave Your Hat On? An Empirical Study of Med-Arb/Arb-Med in China --Mediation in Germany --Mediation in Brazil : Recent Practice --Assuring Flexibility and Quality in Mediation Training : The Emergence of a Common Regulatory Framework --Inspiration of Mediation Culture and Mediation Practice --Dispute Boards : A Different Approach to Dispute Resolution.

1. Limits of theorising about IR and security -- 2. Critical theorizing about IR and security -- 3. How to access others' conceptions of the international? -- 4. Inquiring into security in the international -- 5. Inquiring into the international in security -- 6. Civilisation, dialogue, in/security.

Chapter 1: History of International Investigations and Prosecutions (International Criminal Accountability; International Criminal Justice in Historical Perspective); Chapter 2: International Criminal Tribunals and Mixed Model Tribunals (The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia; The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda; The Making of the International Criminal Court; Mixed Models of International Criminal Justice; Special Court for Sierra Leone; Special Tribunal for Cambodia; East Timor); Chapter 3: National Prosecutions for International Crimes (National Prosecutions for International Crimes; National Prosecutions of International Crimes: A Historical Overview; The French Experience; The Belgian Experience; The Dutch Experience; Indonesia; The U.S. War Crimes Act of 1996; Enforcing ICL Violations with Civil Remedies: The Case of the U.S. Alien Tort Claims Act); Chapter 4: Contemporary Issues in International Criminal Law Doctrine and Practice (Command Responsibility; Joint Criminal Enterprise; The Responsibility of Peacekeepers; The General Part: Judicial Developments; Ne bis in idem; Plea Bargains; Issues Pertaining to the Evidentiary Part of International Criminal Law; Penalties and Sentencing; Penalties: From Leipzig to Arusha; Victims' Rights in International Law).

Preliminary Material -- Chapter 1 Towards Integrated Peace Operations: The Evolution of Peacekeeping and Coalitions of the Willing /Nigel D. White -- Chapter 2 Legal Regimes Governing International Military Missions /Marco Odello and Ryszard Piotrowicz -- Chapter 3 IHL Obligations of the UN and other International Organisations Involved in International Missions /Katie E. Sams -- Chapter 4 A Single Standard for Coalitions: Lowest Common Denominator or Highest Standard? /Susan C. Breau -- Chapter 5 Human Rights Law and Peacekeeping Operations /Noëlle Quénivet -- Chapter 6 Rules of Engagement /Ben Klappe -- Chapter 7 Crisis Response Operations in Maritime Environments /Ulf Häußler -- Chapter 8 Criminal Responsibility of International Military Missions and Personnel /Paolina Massidda -- Chapter 9 The Responsibility of International Organisations for Military Missions /Nicholas Tsagourias -- Conclusions -- Select Bibliography and Cases -- Index.