Normae de gravioribus delictis, the new Church legislation on offenses reserved to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, published on May 21, 2010, compiles the accumulated legal experience of recent years, defining the offenses over which the Congregation has competence, and establishes the procedural route to be followed in judicial processes. This article examines the development of such processes in the diocesan and Roman phases, in both the administrative and judicial channels. Certain issues that arise from the application of the rules –preliminary investigation, right to defence, publicity, cooperation with civil authorities, and compensation for damages– are also addressed. ; La nueva legislación sobre los delitos reservados a la Congregación para la Doctrina de la Fe, Normae de gravioribus delictis, del 21 de mayo del 2010, ha recogido la experiencia jurídica de estos últimos años, la definición de los delitos que es competente y el recorrido procesal a aplicar al juzgarlos. En este artículo se estudiará el desarrollo de estos procesos en fase diocesana y en fase romana, tanto en vía administrativa como judicial, así como algunas preguntas que se suscitan a la hora de aplicar estas normas: investigación preliminar, derecho de defensa, publicidad, colaboración con la autoridad civil, resarcimiento de daños.
Cut loose from its foundation in the distinction between discussion and incitement, the clear and present danger test lost its rational meaning and became a cloak for "vague but fervent transcendental-ism." In short, the activists destroyed it as an intelligible guide to decision-and then abandoned it about a dozen years ago. Meanwhile they have tried, and apparently discarded, one "new" verbalism after another. The latest is Mr. Justice Black's absolutist concentration on two untroubled words in the first amendment: "no law." This gambit--"no law means no law"--again begs all the difficulties simply by ignoring them. As Dean Griswold has suggested, it reminds one of the fundamentalist church sign which proclaimed, "God said it. We believe it. That's all there is to it." The need for judicial balancing, I suggest, results from the imperfection of mundane law. In a better world, no doubt, clear and precise legal rules would anticipate all possible contingencies. No wonder, then, that idealists are impatient with the balancing process. Mr. Frantz" solution has a familiar ring. He suggests that law precedes, and apparently even transcends, politics.' Here is our old friend "the brooding omnipresence"--"the higher law"--that Holmes and Brandeis among others fought so hard to kill. Surely in a democracy law is a creature of the political processes, constitutional and legislative. Judges,of course, cannot avoid legislating in some degree, but to repeat Holmes' much quoted phrase they must do so only interstitially--lest they rather than the people govern.
The Florence Integration Through Law series is the product of a projected centred in the Law department of the European University Institute under the general editorship of Mauro Cappelletti, Monica Seccombe and Joseph Weiler. ; Digitised version produced by the EUI Library and made available online in Open Access in 2021 for research or private study purposes
Summary. The aim of the research. The article focuses on the analysis of the judiciary practice against the church and faith during the period of Ukrainian Hetman state (Viisko Zaporizke). The judiciary practice is preserved in the court books, the Lithuanian metrics and the archival materials, in order to find out the features of the time trial, in particular, and the church law in general. The research methodology. Having applied the necessary methodological means, namely: dialectical, axiological, historical and philosophical, systemic, functional methods; formal-legal, systemic-structural, genetic, historical functional, comparative legal and historical legal methods, there has been investigated and generalized the experience of reviewing the cases on the crimes against the church and the faith under the conditions of the formation of the Ukrainian national state, founded by Hetman B. Khmelnytskyi. The scientific novelty consists in elucidating the peculiarities of considering the cases against the faith and the church in Ukrainian Hetman state, establishing mitigating circumstances that contributed to the reduction of punishment or the release. Conclusions. In the article it has been confirmed that after the end of the National Liberation War of the Ukrainian people in the second half of the XVIIth century the competence of the church courts was not defined at the legislative level. In fact, the church courts considered only their own internal church affairs, and the crimes against the faith and the church belonged to the general jurisdiction of secular Cossack or magistrate courts. It has been traced the reception of the legal traditions that existed during the Rus era and remained their validity under the conditions of Ukrainian Hetman state existence. Because in the second half of the XVIIth century in Ukraine there continued to be used water testing as the form of evidence, genetically inherited from the legal system of the Rus state. Consequently, the continuity of Ukrainian law has been proved. It has been confirmed that the legal responsibility that followed the crimes committed against the church and faith had its peculiarity in connection with the need to reconcile the final court sentence with the requirements of the injured party. There have been revealed the cases of mitigation and abolition of the sanctions in case of the absence of the categorical claims and demands of the victim and the correspondent petitions from the representatives of the clergy and the community. It has been revealed that the crime cases against religion, family and morals could be considered by any court, regardless of their hierarchy in the vertical of this branch of government, despite a number of the judicial institutions that functioned in Ukraine.
Summary. The aim of the research. The article focuses on the analysis of the judiciary practice against the church and faith during the period of Ukrainian Hetman state (Viisko Zaporizke). The judiciary practice is preserved in the court books, the Lithuanian metrics and the archival materials, in order to find out the features of the time trial, in particular, and the church law in general. The research methodology. Having applied the necessary methodological means, namely: dialectical, axiological, historical and philosophical, systemic, functional methods; formal-legal, systemic-structural, genetic, historical functional, comparative legal and historical legal methods, there has been investigated and generalized the experience of reviewing the cases on the crimes against the church and the faith under the conditions of the formation of the Ukrainian national state, founded by Hetman B. Khmelnytskyi. The scientific novelty consists in elucidating the peculiarities of considering the cases against the faith and the church in Ukrainian Hetman state, establishing mitigating circumstances that contributed to the reduction of punishment or the release. Conclusions. In the article it has been confirmed that after the end of the National Liberation War of the Ukrainian people in the second half of the XVIIth century the competence of the church courts was not defined at the legislative level. In fact, the church courts considered only their own internal church affairs, and the crimes against the faith and the church belonged to the general jurisdiction of secular Cossack or magistrate courts. It has been traced the reception of the legal traditions that existed during the Rus era and remained their validity under the conditions of Ukrainian Hetman state existence. Because in the second half of the XVIIth century in Ukraine there continued to be used water testing as the form of evidence, genetically inherited from the legal system of the Rus state. Consequently, the continuity of Ukrainian law has been proved. It has been confirmed that the legal responsibility that followed the crimes committed against the church and faith had its peculiarity in connection with the need to reconcile the final court sentence with the requirements of the injured party. There have been revealed the cases of mitigation and abolition of the sanctions in case of the absence of the categorical claims and demands of the victim and the correspondent petitions from the representatives of the clergy and the community. It has been revealed that the crime cases against religion, family and morals could be considered by any court, regardless of their hierarchy in the vertical of this branch of government, despite a number of the judicial institutions that functioned in Ukraine.
Summary. The aim of the research. The article focuses on the analysis of the judiciary practice against the church and faith during the period of Ukrainian Hetman state (Viisko Zaporizke). The judiciary practice is preserved in the court books, the Lithuanian metrics and the archival materials, in order to find out the features of the time trial, in particular, and the church law in general. The research methodology. Having applied the necessary methodological means, namely: dialectical, axiological, historical and philosophical, systemic, functional methods; formal-legal, systemic-structural, genetic, historical functional, comparative legal and historical legal methods, there has been investigated and generalized the experience of reviewing the cases on the crimes against the church and the faith under the conditions of the formation of the Ukrainian national state, founded by Hetman B. Khmelnytskyi. The scientific novelty consists in elucidating the peculiarities of considering the cases against the faith and the church in Ukrainian Hetman state, establishing mitigating circumstances that contributed to the reduction of punishment or the release. Conclusions. In the article it has been confirmed that after the end of the National Liberation War of the Ukrainian people in the second half of the XVIIth century the competence of the church courts was not defined at the legislative level. In fact, the church courts considered only their own internal church affairs, and the crimes against the faith and the church belonged to the general jurisdiction of secular Cossack or magistrate courts. It has been traced the reception of the legal traditions that existed during the Rus era and remained their validity under the conditions of Ukrainian Hetman state existence. Because in the second half of the XVIIth century in Ukraine there continued to be used water testing as the form of evidence, genetically inherited from the legal system of the Rus state. Consequently, the continuity of Ukrainian law has been proved. It has been confirmed that the legal responsibility that followed the crimes committed against the church and faith had its peculiarity in connection with the need to reconcile the final court sentence with the requirements of the injured party. There have been revealed the cases of mitigation and abolition of the sanctions in case of the absence of the categorical claims and demands of the victim and the correspondent petitions from the representatives of the clergy and the community. It has been revealed that the crime cases against religion, family and morals could be considered by any court, regardless of their hierarchy in the vertical of this branch of government, despite a number of the judicial institutions that functioned in Ukraine.
Islamic law in the legal system in Indonesia is one of the positive laws that apply in Indonesia. Islamic law is adhered to and obeyed by Muslims who are the largest population in Indonesia.In practice, Islamic law is one part of the applicable law in Indonesia, which has a very important and decisive role in regulating the life of the Indonesian nation.The state-society built by the Prophet SAW has provided some background and initial models of instruments and institutions that are important pillars of the existence of a state-society.So if from the perspective of modern constitutional science, there are three institutions of state power known as triaspolitica, namely the power of the legislative, executive and judiciary institutions, it turns out that Rasulullah SAW has practiced these three forms of institutions. Corruption is an extraordinary crime, has a systemic and widespread impact and has been placed as a violation of the economic and social rights of the people. It is not uncommon for perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption to run away during the trial process of corruption cases. If you look at it from the aspect of benefiting the Indonesian people as direct victims of the criminal act of corruption. Therefore, the trial process must continue even if the defendant runs away or is not present / in absentia. Keywords: Analysis, Corruption Crime, Defendant In Absentia, Islamic Law
The Indonesian state has the characteristic of legal system plurality in a national legal system, it is interesting to be observed from law making, licencing, law implementation, to judiciary process. State organizers in the context of government (executive power) as the licensors of business activities and the judiciary (judicial power) State Administration, as absolute competence over the objects of environmental administration disputes require optical and comprehensive holistic understanding, amidst the very diverse conditions of the legal system (legal pluralism) and a pluralistic society to be bound in a single national legal system (unification). The problem formulation in this paper is: (1) How is the interaction of continental European legal system and customary law system on kendeng case in the tiered judicial process? And (2) how does the interaction affect the legal system on the judge's mindset over environmental permit disputes objects? In relation to executive power as a licensor, the involvement of the public in the process of publishing environmental documents becomes a very important matter. Kendeng Community of Rembang Regency Central Java Province is fighting for its rights and various access to justice, finally choosing the judicial route as the main tool against the state, namely the State Administrative Court (PTUN) Semarang, High Administrative Court (PT TUN) Surabaya, Until the most recent legal remedy in the judicial system in Indonesia, namely the Review Supreme of Court. In this paper, it shows the interaction between the legal system, the continental European legal system and the customary law system in the process of tiered justice as an access to justice for the kendeng mountain community.
Las transformaciones normativas introducidas en nuestro país por la "Ley de Protección Integral de los Derechos de las niñas, niños y adolescentes", dieron lugar a una serie de debates acerca del lugar de su palabra en los procesos judiciales. Al establecer la condición del niño como "sujeto de derecho", dicha Ley sanciona su "derecho a ser oído" y a que su opinión sea tenida en cuenta. Ahora bien, ¿qué implicancias tiene su palabra en la toma de decisiones con respecto a asuntos que lo conciernen? ¿Qué lugar se otorga efectivamente a su voluntad al momento de establecer cuál es su "interés superior"? ¿Cómo incide en la consideración de su palabra su condición de niño, "su edad, grado de madurez, capacidad de discernimiento y demás condiciones personales", que la misma ley contempla? En este trabajo, luego de introducir las transformaciones que implica dicha Ley con respecto al lugar del niño, presentaremos los debates que la misma abre en relación al estatuto de su palabra y el papel de su enunciación en procedimientos judiciales y administrativos. Finalmente, desde la perspectiva del psicoanálisis, situaremos algunas posibles críticas y aportes a tales debates. ; The legislation transformations introduced in our country by the Law of Integrative Protection of the children and adolescents' rights", -Ley de Protección Integral de los Derechos de las niñas, niños y adolescentes-, gave way to a series of discussions on their speech role in the judicial processes. By establishing the child's condition as a subject of legal right, this law enacts the child's "right to be heard" and its opinion to be taken into account. However, what implications has its speech when making decisions regarding concerning issues? Which place is actually given to its will when establishing its main interest? How does the child being,-its age, maturity stage, discrimination ability and other personal conditions-, influence as regarding its speech that the same law implies? In this work, after introducing the transformations this law brings about regarding the child's role, we will introduce the discussions that the law itself opens in relation to the speech role and the statement status in judicial and administrative processes. Finally, from the psychoanalysis view we will show some possible reviews and contributions. ; Facultad de Psicología
การวิจัยเรื่องนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ทำการศึกษาถึงหลักเกณฑ์และขั้นตอนของวิธีการชั่วคราวก่อนการพิพากษาในศาลปกครอง และหลักเกณฑ์ในการที่ศาลปกครองจะมีคำสั่งอนุญาตให้มีการคุ้มครองจากวิธีการชั่วคราวก่อนการพิพากษาในศาลปกครอง เพื่อประโยชน์ในการหาแนวทางพัฒนาระบบวิธีการชั่วคราวก่อนการพิพากษาในศาลปกครองเพื่อการคุ้มครองสิทธิและประโยชน์ของคู่กรณี โดยการวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยทางด้านเอกสาร (Documentary Research) มีขอบเขตเนื้อหา คือ พระราชบัญญัติจัดตั้งศาลปกครองและวิธีพิจารณาคดีปกครอง พ.ศ.2542 และระเบียบของที่ประชุมใหญ่ของตุลาการศาลปกครองสูงสุด ตลอดจนคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลปกครองที่เกี่ยวข้องกับวิธีการชั่วคราวก่อนการพิพากษาของศาลปกครอง จากการศึกษาพบว่าในการพิจารณาคดีปกครองคู่กรณีสามารถขอให้ศาลปกครองกำหนดวิธีการชั่วคราวก่อนการพิพากษาได้ เพื่อให้ทุเลาการบังคับตามกฎหรือคำสั่งทางปกครองของฝ่ายปกครอง และเพื่อการบรรเทาทุกข์ชั่วคราวโดยให้ศาลมีคำสั่งกำหนดมาตรการหรือวิธีการคุ้มครองประโยชน์ของผู้ขอในระหว่างการพิจารณาหรือเพื่อบังคับตามคำพิพากษาได้ แต่วิธีการชั่วคราวก่อนพิพากษายังมีข้อบกพร่องไม่สามารถคุ้มครองสิทธิและประโยชน์ของคู่กรณีได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพจึงจำเป็นต้องทำการแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมวิธีการชั่วคราวก่อนพิพากษาตามพระราชบัญญัติจัดตั้งศาลปกครองและวิธีพิจารณาคดีปกครอง พ.ศ.2542 และระเบียบของที่ประชุมใหญ่ตุลาการในศาลปกครองสูงสุดว่าด้วยวิธีพิจารณาคดีปกครอง พ.ศ.2543 ; The purpose of this research is to study the rules and procedures of the temporary procedures before judicial review in the Administrative Court. And the rule that the Administrative Court will order the protection of a temporary measure before the judgment in the Administrative Court. For the sake of finding a way to develop a transitory method before judging in the Administrative Court for the protection of the rights and interests of the parties. This research is documentary research. The scope of the content is the Act Establishing Administrative Courts and Judicial Procedures B.E. 2542. And the rules of the meeting of judges of the Supreme Administrative Court. As well as the judgment or order of the Administrative Court relating to the temporary injunction before the Administrative Court ruling. The study found that in a trial, the parties could ask the court to determine a temporary measure before the trial. To remedy the enforcement of rules or administrative orders of the governing. For temporary relief, the court shall order the measures or means of protecting the interests of the applicant during the consideration or enforcement of the judgment. However, the temporary trial before the judge still has defects, can not protect the rights and interests of the parties effectively, so it is necessary to amend the temporary method before the judgment. According to the Act on the Establishment of the Administrative Courts and the Administrative Court Procedure B.E. 2542 And the Rules of the Judicial Council of the Supreme Administrative Court on Administrative Procedure B.E. 2543
El uso de las nuevas tecnologías en el proceso judicial contribuye al fortalecimiento de la "eficacia" y "calidad" en la prestación del servicio de justicia, particularmente, no sólo en la reducción de tiempos y costos, para el Tribunal y las partes, sino también en el impacto ambiental para la sociedad. El Sistema de Notificación Electrónica avanzó de la gradualidad a la totalidad a través de la reglamentación por vía de acordadas de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación. Abogamos por una reforma en nuestro Código sobre la materia que recepte el cambio en el sistema. El sistema de notificación electrónica, por lo menos, en una primera etapa de implementación, -siguiendo la experiencia de la Provincia de Córdoba-, debería contemplar la figura del plazo de "aviso de término", el cual flexibiliza (y extiende brevemente) el "cómputo" de los plazos procesales, hasta que el (novel) régimen se consolide en la comunidad forense. El sistema de notificación electrónica, siguiendo la experiencia de la Provincia de Neuquén, debería tener en cuenta el criterio de "usabilidad" de las TICs, en cuanto inciden en el acceso a la justicia de personas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Abogamos por una reglamentación inclusiva de las personas con discapacidad. Debe procurarse eficacia sin desmedro de las garantías, y ante todo, buscar la tutela judicial de la persona humana y su dignidad en pos de humanizar el proceso Judicial. Proponemos la capacitación de usuarios y potenciales usuarios del servicio de justicia, y abrir un diálogo democrático entre los operadores jurídicos, judiciales, abogados y abogadas, y la sociedad, sobre la información pública respecto de la modernización del sistema. Proponemos su registro y medición de la calidad del sistema, que ofrezca una autoevaluación institucional, pero también un control del foro de abogados y de la sociedad, para propiciar mejoras con el tiempo. Palabras clave: Proceso Judicial, Notificación Judicial, Notificación Electrónica, Garantías, Servicio de Justicia y Usuarios. ABSTRACT The use of TICs in judicial process contributes to strengthen efficacy and quality in Service of Justice, in particular reducing time and costs to the Judicial Branch, lawyers and parties, as well as environmental impact to society. The system of electronic judicial notice went from gradual to total with the National Supreme Court of Justice regulations. We plead to receipt this change in the system in our Codes. The system, at least in the beginning –following Córdoba's experience- should take in consideration procedural terms of "term notice", making more flexible (and gives a short plus term) computation of procedural terms, while this (novel) regime consolidate in the community. This system of electronic judicial notice following Neuquén's experience receipting usability criteria of TICs as far as it affects access of justice of people in vulnerability conditions. We plead inclusive regulation of people with disabilities. Efficacy of judicial process shouldn't be looked for without constitutional warrants, and humanize judicial process, allowing to have a judicial process that takes in consideration and respects human and his/her dignity. We propose education of users and potential users of Service of Justice, with a democratic dialogue between judicial, lawyers and society –with public information- about judicial modernizing system. We also propose registration and measure in order to have an institutional-auto-evaluation and control of law community and society to propose future improvements. Keywords: Judicial Process, Judicial Notice, Electronic Notice, Warrants, Service of Justice and Users.
El uso de las nuevas tecnologías en el proceso judicial contribuye al fortalecimiento de la "eficacia" y "calidad" en la prestación del servicio de justicia, particularmente, no sólo en la reducción de tiempos y costos, para el Tribunal y las partes, sino también en el impacto ambiental para la sociedad. El Sistema de Notificación Electrónica avanzó de la gradualidad a la totalidad a través de la reglamentación por vía de acordadas de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación. Abogamos por una reforma en nuestro Código sobre la materia que recepte el cambio en el sistema. El sistema de notificación electrónica, por lo menos, en una primera etapa de implementación, -siguiendo la experiencia de la Provincia de Córdoba-, debería contemplar la figura del plazo de "aviso de término", el cual flexibiliza (y extiende brevemente) el "cómputo" de los plazos procesales, hasta que el (novel) régimen se consolide en la comunidad forense. El sistema de notificación electrónica, siguiendo la experiencia de la Provincia de Neuquén, debería tener en cuenta el criterio de "usabilidad" de las TICs, en cuanto inciden en el acceso a la justicia de personas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad. Abogamos por una reglamentación inclusiva de las personas con discapacidad. Debe procurarse eficacia sin desmedro de las garantías, y ante todo, buscar la tutela judicial de la persona humana y su dignidad en pos de humanizar el proceso Judicial. Proponemos la capacitación de usuarios y potenciales usuarios del servicio de justicia, y abrir un diálogo democrático entre los operadores jurídicos, judiciales, abogados y abogadas, y la sociedad, sobre la información pública respecto de la modernización del sistema. Proponemos su registro y medición de la calidad del sistema, que ofrezca una autoevaluación institucional, pero también un control del foro de abogados y de la sociedad, para propiciar mejoras con el tiempo. ; The use of TICs in judicial process contributes to strengthen efficacy and quality in Service of Justice, in particular reducing time and costs to the Judicial Branch, lawyers and parties, as well as environmental impact to society. The system of electronic judicial notice went from gradual to total with the National Supreme Court of Justice regulations. We plead to receipt this change in the system in our Codes. The system, at least in the beginning –following Córdoba's experience- should take in consideration procedural terms of "term notice", making more flexible (and gives a short plus term) computation of procedural terms, while this (novel) regime consolidate in the community. This system of electronic judicial notice following Neuquén's experience receipting usability criteria of TICs as far as it affects access of justice of people in vulnerability conditions. We plead inclusive regulation of people with disabilities. Efficacy of judicial process shouldn't be looked for without constitutional warrants, and humanize judicial process, allowing to have a judicial process that takes in consideration and respects human and his/her dignity. We propose education of users and potential users of Service of Justice, with a democratic dialogue between judicial, lawyers and society –with public information- about judicial modernizing system. We also propose registration and measure in order to have an institutional-auto-evaluation and control of law community and society to propose future improvements. ; Fil: Robledo, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales; Argentina
This article identifies the principal legislative and jurisprudential history of digital evidence in Colombia, with a view to detailing their treatment in the judicial process; It also aims to show how the exclusion clause operates, and how the right to privacy is protected in obtaining digital evidence from various storage media. The methodology is qualitative and the documentary review technique and the interview with experts, were used to show a reality regarding a problem of assessment of technological evidence, in cases of illegality, and provide contributions to improve understanding and dimension in the judicial process. The main conclusion is that it cannot be denied effectiveness and probative value to be in the form of bytes if they can establish the authenticity of the content and correspondence with the author. ; Este artículo identifica los principales antecedentes legislativos y jurisprudenciales de la evidencia digital en Colombia, con miras a detallar su tratamiento en el proceso judicial; así mismo, pretende evidenciar cómo opera la cláusula de exclusión, y de qué manera se protege el derecho a la intimidad, en la obtención de evidencia digital, desde distintos medios de almacenamiento. La metodología es cualitativa y se utilizó la técnica de la revisión documental y la entrevista a expertos, para mostrar una realidad respecto a una problemática de valoración de las pruebas tecnológicas, en los casos de ilicitud, y brindar aportes para mejorar la comprensión y la dimensión de su práctica en el proceso judicial. La principal conclusión es que no se le puede negar eficacia y validez probatoria por estar en forma de bytes, siempre y cuando se pueda establecer la autenticidad del contenido y la correspondencia con el autor. ; Este artigo identifica os principais antecedentes legislativos e jurisprudenciais da evidência digital na Colômbia, com vistas a detalhar seu tratamento no processo judicial; Da mesma forma, o objetivo é demonstrar como a cláusula de exclusão opera e como o direito à privacidade é protegido, na obtenção de evidências digitais, de diferentes mídias de armazenamento. A metodologia é qualitativa e a técnica de revisão documental e a entrevista com especialistas foram utilizadas para mostrar uma realidade sobre um problema de avaliação de evidências tecnológicas, em casos de ilegalidade, e fornecer contribuições para melhorar o entendimento e a dimensão de sua prática no processo judicial. A principal conclusão é que não se pode negar a eficácia e a validade probatória porque está na forma de bytes, desde que seja possível estabelecer a autenticidade do conteúdo e a correspondência com o autor.
Includes bibliographical references and index. ; / Sue Davis -- Robert G. McCloskey, historical institutionalism, and the arts of judicial governance / Howard Gillman -- Robert Dahl : democracy, judicial review, and the study of law and courts / David Adamany and Stephen Meinhold -- Martin Shapiro : anticipating the new institutionalism / Herbert M. Kritzer. ; The study of judicial behavior and the discipline of political science / Nancy Maveety -- C. Herman Pritchett : innovator with an ambiguous legacy / Lawrence Baum -- Glendon Schubert : the judicial mind / Jeffrey A. Segal -- S. Sidney Ulmer : the multidimensionality of judicial decision making / Robert C. Bradley -- Harold J. Spaeth : the Supreme Court computer / Sara C. Benesh -- Joseph Tanenhaus : the "learned discipline" of public law / Robert A. Carp -- Beverly Blair Cook : the value of eclecticism / Lee Epstein and Lynn Mather -- Walter F. Murphy : the interactive nature of judicial decision making / Lee Epstein and Jack Knight -- J. Woodford Howard Jr. : fluidity, strategy, and analytical synthesis in judicial studies / Nancy Maveety and John Anthony Maltese -- David J. Danelski : social psychology and group choice / Thomas G. Walker -- David Rohde : rational choice theorist / Saul Brenner -- Edward S. Corwin as public scholar / Cornell W. Clayton -- Alpheus Thomas Mason : piercing the judicial veil ; Mode of access: Internet.
The rule of law of the criminal obstruction of the judicial process raises the debate because it has the flexibility and is applied selectively by law enforcers resulting in injustice. This study aims to determine the qualifications of criminal acts of corruption that hinder the judicial process and analyze the implications of the modus operandi of corruption that hinders the judicial process. This research method using the normative law approach because studying norm, principles relating to Obstruction of Justice offense. The qualification of the offense of Obstruction of Justice may be limited by the method of grammatical interpretation, which implies the word (a) "prevent" is interpreted as restraining, prohibiting the meaning of acts aimed at corruption criminal proceedings unfulfilled; (b) "blocking" interpreted to obstruct, interfere, disturbing, meaning the act aimed to prevent the judicial process from being obstructed and whether the objective is achieved or not is a requirement; and (c) "thwarted" is interpreted as unsuccessful/failed means that the judicial process against corrupt perpetrators is unsuccessful and the business succeeds. The modus operandi of the Obstruction of Justice offense through the power of the community, legal counsel, and political channels implies (a) inhibition of law enforcement efforts; (b) difficulties in the development of cases; and (c) causes high-cost law enforcement.Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Aturan hukum tindak pidana menghalangi proses peradilan (Obstruction of Justice) menimbulkan perdebatan karena memiliki kelenturan dan diterapkan secara tebang pilih oleh penegak hukum, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakadilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kualifikasi tindak pidana korupsi yang menghalangi proses peradilan dan menganalisis implikasi modus operandi tindak pidana korupsi yang menghalangi proses peradilan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif karena mengkaji kaidah, asas-asas yang berkaitan dengan delik Obstruction of Justice. Kualifikasi delik Obstruction of Justice dapat dibatasi dengan metode penafsiran gramatikal yang memaknai kata (a) "mencegah" dimaknai sebagai menahan, melarang artinya perbuatan yang bertujuan agar proses peradilan tindak pidana korupsi tidak terlaksana; (b) "merintangi" dimaknai menghalang-halangi, mengganggu, mengusik, artinya perbuatan yang ditujukan agar proses peradilan terhalang dan apakah tujuan tersebut tercapai atau tidak bukan merupakan syarat; dan (c) "menggagalkan" dimaknai tidak berhasil/menjadi gagal, artinya proses peradilan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi tidak berhasil dan usaha tersebut berhasil. Modus operandi delik Obstruction of Justice melalui kekuatan masyarakat, kuasa hukum dan jalur politik yang berimplikasi pada (a) terhambatnya upaya penegakan hukum; (b) kesulitan dalam pengembangan kasus; dan (c) mengakibatkan penegakan hukum berbiaya tinggi.
