The article describes the life and creative path of the famous scientist, a prominent specialist in the field of ecology, breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, аcademician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, laureate of the State Prize and the Prizes of the Government of the Russian Federation Viktor Fedorovich Pivovarov. ; В статье изложен жизненный и творческий путь известного ученого, крупного специалиста в области экологии, селекции и семеноводства овощных культур, академика РАН, Заслуженного деятеля науки РФ, лауреата Государственной премии и премий Правительства РФ Пивоварова Виктора Фёдоровича.
In the article, the author checks the assumption that the history of everyday life as a scientific field plays an important role in the research of domestic medievalists. The level of the research of the history of medieval everyday life in Ukrainian historiography is clarified. According to the author's observations, historiography about the history of the daily life of the Ukrainian Middle Ages is analyzed for the first time. It has been found that historians have been interested in studying the everyday life of the Middle Ages since the 19th century. This kind of history was called «the history of the population». During the Soviet Union, the study of the history of the people was slowed down by the Marxist approach. The history of everyday life as an independent scientific field was formed in independent Ukraine due to the change of the scientific paradigm, and the effective use of foreign historiography. Medievalists explore the material, and the spiritual dimensions of the early, the high, and the late Middle Ages actively, using an interdisciplinary approach. Historical works about the history of daily life combine the study of the late Middle Ages and the early modern times. Ukrainian studies of the history of everyday life are similar to the British, the French, and the Italian versions. Modern researches are based on neo-positivism and postmodern approaches. Furthermore, in the paper, it has been found that the specifics of preserved sources affect the ability of the scientist to study one or another aspect of the daily life of different social groups. Ukrainian historians analyze the everyday life of burghers (including artisans), and monks, and less often peasants. Today there is no comprehensive work about the history of the medieval everyday life of Ukrainians. The publication of the history of Ukrainian everyday life will open perspectives for a deeper understanding of the preconditions, and the causes of political events and economic changes, the changes in worldview of society in the Middle ...
In the article, the author checks the assumption that the history of everyday life as a scientific field plays an important role in the research of domestic medievalists. The level of the research of the history of medieval everyday life in Ukrainian historiography is clarified. According to the author's observations, historiography about the history of the daily life of the Ukrainian Middle Ages is analyzed for the first time. It has been found that historians have been interested in studying the everyday life of the Middle Ages since the 19th century. This kind of history was called «the history of the population». During the Soviet Union, the study of the history of the people was slowed down by the Marxist approach. The history of everyday life as an independent scientific field was formed in independent Ukraine due to the change of the scientific paradigm, and the effective use of foreign historiography. Medievalists explore the material, and the spiritual dimensions of the early, the high, and the late Middle Ages actively, using an interdisciplinary approach. Historical works about the history of daily life combine the study of the late Middle Ages and the early modern times. Ukrainian studies of the history of everyday life are similar to the British, the French, and the Italian versions. Modern researches are based on neo-positivism and postmodern approaches. Furthermore, in the paper, it has been found that the specifics of preserved sources affect the ability of the scientist to study one or another aspect of the daily life of different social groups. Ukrainian historians analyze the everyday life of burghers (including artisans), and monks, and less often peasants. Today there is no comprehensive work about the history of the medieval everyday life of Ukrainians. The publication of the history of Ukrainian everyday life will open perspectives for a deeper understanding of the preconditions, and the causes of political events and economic changes, the changes in worldview of society in the Middle Ages, which influenced the following historical epochs. In most cases, certain topics are reflected in some historical articles. The author has concluded that the assumption is correct, and the history of everyday life is a popular scientific field today. ; У роботі перевіряється припущення, що у наш час історія повсякденності як науковий напрям відіграє вагому роль у студіях медієвістів. Саме тому в статті з'ясовано рівень дослідження історії повсякденності середніх віків в українській історіографії. Визначено, що інтерес до історії щоденного життя різних прошарків суспільства виник ще у XIX ст., проте лише зі зміною наукової парадигми в незалежній Україні та початком ефективного використання теоретичного доробку зарубіжної історіографії розпочалась активна фаза досліджень повсякденності раннього, високого та пізнього середньовіччя. Встановлено, що від специфіки збережених джерел залежить можливий рівень вивчення тих чи інших аспектів буденності різних прошарків суспільства. З'ясовано, що бракує ґрунтовної загальної праці з історії повсякдення українців періоду середньовіччя. Напрацювання з цієї тематики здебільшого представлені в окремих статтях істориків.
Attention is focused on the issues and understanding of the essence of modern life science and awareness of its importance as a primary element – the basis of the innovation system of the society. Implemented a philosophical analysis of the concept of "innovation", defined the historical and philosophical background of the formation of the main functions of science is characterized by the relationship of philosophy, science and innovation, as a direct result of the logical development of science. The urgency due to the specified topics design processes in the scientific, social, cultural, economic and political life of Ukraine and the world. It was found that in the new century science enters a new scientific worldview, formed under the influence of modern scientific and technological revolution and dramatically affect the change of reality and of man himself. Thanks to the creativity of the possibility of any progress, based can only be innovation. Creativity - is creation of new models and implement them through functional activity in material things or in physical models. Formation of a new socio-economic and political-legal reality is in direct proportion to the extent to which these processes are imbued strategy of innovation and synthesizing creative people how they will rule the principles of humanism, healthy criticism, social freedom, pluralism, high moral responsibility. ; Увагу акцентовано на проблемах розуміння сутності сучасного буття науки та усвідомлення її як важливої основи інноваційної системи суспільства. Здійснено філософський аналіз поняття творчості як основного критерію інновації, що характеризує взаємозв'язок філософії, науки та інноваційної діяльності, як логічний результат безпосереднього розвитку науки. Актуальність зазначеної тематики зумовлена конструктивними процесами, які відбуваються в науковому, суспільному, культурному, економічному та політичному житті України та світу. Встановлено, що в нове століття наука входить з новим науковим світоглядом, який формується під впливом сучасних наукових і технологічних новацій і кардинально впливає на зміну дійсності і самої людини.
The article disclosed the specifics of the laws of politics and laws which determine operation of the governmental agencies. It was proved that the knowledge and use of their nature in the political life enabled the optimization of guidance in different political processes. The article stressed that any law, including natural, rarely was quite exhaustive and unambiguous as it was including comprising of various internally and externally contradictory trends. Thisstatement applied the laws of political science because their action made a large variety of effects, including random factors that had both objective and subjective natures. Key words: the politics, the purpose and means in politics, a trend, a law, laws of politics, laws of structures, laws of the functioning, the laws of development, "individual" laws. ; У статті розкрито суть і специфіку законів політики і законів, на основі яких вибудовуються, функціонують ті чи інші державні структури. Доведено, що їх знання і використання у політичному житті уможливлює оптимізацію керівництва різноманітними політичними процесами. Наголошується, що будь-який закон, зокрема природний, рідко буває цілком вичерпним та однозначним, він завжди приблизний, включає велику кількість різних внутрішньо та зовнішньо суперечливих тенденцій. Це надто стосується законів політології, оскільки на їх дію справляє вплив велика кількість різноманітних, зокрема випадкових, факторів як об'єктивного, так і суб'єктивного характеру. Ключові слова: політика, мета і засоби в політиці, тенденція, закономірність, закон, закони політики, закони структури, закони функціонування, закони розвитку, «індивідуальні» закони.
The article, based on a study of the formation and development of Ukrainian studies in the crisis of classical science, analyzes the transformation of modern European science from Descartes to the present, the contradictions of high ideals of the Enlightenment about man, people, and human-based foundations of postclassical Ukrainian studies. The study describes Ukrainian studies in the context of fundamental changes in modern European science and the separation of the humanities from the natural science discussions of unity - the separation and search for the unity of the humanities and natural sciences. The role of Ukrainian studies in the formation of the Ukrainian literary language, spelling, literature, the establishment of scientific research in the processes of cultural and historical revival, social, national-revolutionary movements are revealed. The general theoretical scientific basis of Ukrainian studies is analyzed, noting specific features in classical and non-classical science. In the context of the research, the peculiarity of Ukrainian studies as a holistic, multiple, human-dimensional science is revealed, in the structure of which parts express the nature of the whole and give it specific properties. Apart from the integral structure, the parts acquire other object features. The article emphasizes that rethinking the role of Ukrainian studies in science, education, in all spheres of life is a powerful basis for the consolidation of the Ukrainian nation. There are well-founded arguments that the renewed Ukrainian studies, having passed a difficult path of formation, rise and prohibitions, oblivion, revival becomes the foundation for new post-classical science.
Життя професора Ірини Дубовик, завідувача кафедри фізіології свійських тварин Львівського ветеринарного інституту в 1945–1947 роках, – це довгий шлях боротьби проти економічних і політичних проблем в умовах радянської дійсності. Як автор визначних досягнень в ділянці ендокринології, як член Міжнародного товариства експериментальної цитології і як кандидат на стипендію з фонду Рокфеллера, вона була звинувачена у схилянні перед західною наукою і звільнена з посади завідувача кафедри. Останні роки життя провела в Харкові в самотності, нужді і забутті. Сьогодні її ім'я відроджується. ; Жизнь профессора Ирины Дубовик, заведующей кафедрой физиологии домашних животных Львовского ветеринарного института в 1945–1947 годах, – это длинный путь борьбы против экономических и политических проблем в условиях советской действительности. Как автор значительных достижений в отрасли эндокринологии, как член Международного общества экспериментальной цитологии и как кандидат на стипендию из фонда Рокфеллера, она была обвинена в преклонении перед западной наукой и уволена с должности заведующей кафедрой. Последние годы жизни провела в Харькове в одиночестве, нужде и забытье. Сегодня её имя возрождается. ; The life of Prof. Iryna Dubovyk, physiology department head in Lviv Veterinary Institute in years 1945–1947 is a long struggle way against economic and political problems under the conditions of Soviet reality. As author of significant achievements in the field of endocrinology, as member of International society of experimental cytology and as candidate for the scholarship of Rockefeller foundation, she was accused of bowing to Western science and dismissed from her post of department head. She spent last years of her life in solitude, misery and forgotten by everybody. Nowadays her name is revived.
Мифы сегодня – это не только объект изучения науки, но и достояние обыденного сознания современного человека. В современном мире мифы обслуживают различные сферы общественной и государственной жизни общества. Чаще всего они создаются соответствующими институтами. Они аккумулировали жизненный опыт людей, прописаны в современном обществе, а не только в далёком прошлом. Мифы, которые сегодня бытуют в науке, нельзя рассматривать однозначно. Как правило, они могут носить как стимулирующий, так и деструктивный характер. В статье рассмотрено позитивное значение мифа в науке и для неё. ; Today, myths are not only an object of scientific research, but also – the wealth of ordinary consciousness of modern humankind. In today's world myths serve various spheres of social and political life of society. They are created by appropriate institutions. Life experience of people has been accumulated in myths, which ingrained in modern society. The myths that are prevalent today in science, cannot be examined clearly. As a rule, they can be both stimulating and destructive. The article describes a positive importance of myth in terms of science.
In the light of the serious challenges facing human civilization, it is imperative that measures should be taken to eradicate global bio-illiteracy and spread biological education for nonbiologists worldwide. This was one of the main goals of Prof M.V. Gusev's efforts in the capacity of a member of the Commission for Biological Education. Conceptual underpinnings for his practical activities were provided by the biocentric doctrine that in Gusev's view implied understanding and appreciating the absolute value of life in all its forms, advocating an ethical attitude towards biodiversity, and considering humankind as part and parcel to planetary bios (life). Biocentrism also provides the philosophical foundations for a more specific research direction, biopolitics, that is construed herein as encompassing all social and political implications of modern life sciences from genetics to neurophysiology to ecology to primatology. Currently, biopolitics represents an interdisciplinary area of research that actively develops on the global scale and includes philosophical (quasi-ideological), political science-related (theoretical), and practical dimensions. Biopolitics forms part of a wider area referred to as humanities-centered biology that incorporates all possible contributions of life sciences to social sciences and humanities. Apart from biopolitics, humanities-centered biology also includes bioethics, biophilosophy, biosemiotics, etc. ; Not available
In the popular science review, dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the first publication of the Periodic Table of chemical elements by D.I. Mendeleev, the elements of the 5th (main) Group (namely nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth) are considered. The history of these elements discovery and some their properties are shortly described. The elements of the fifth group are also called "the elements of life", which is linked with both the development of living organisms themselves and their compounds importance for human life. The review confirms this thesis in a popular-science form, using the available literature data on the role of chemical compounds of Group 5th elements in the development of living nature as well as in the progress of human civilization.
Проблема формирования постметафизического стиля мышления является одной из центральных в современной философии, оказывая существенное влияние на развитие общего стиля теоретизирования в социально-гуманитарных науках. Ее исследование важно для осознания особенностей концептуального базиса современного философского мировоззрения и оснований науки. Интерес к ней обусловлен тем, что вопросы, вызванные к жизни изменениями в теоретической мысли, находят отражение в культуре, практике и политической жизни современного общества. ; The problem of forming a post-metaphysical style of thinking is one of the central in modern philosophy, exerting a significant influence on the development of a general style of theorizing in the social and human sciences. Her research is important for understanding the features of the conceptual basis of the modern philosophical worldview and the foundations of science. Interest in it is due to the fact that the issues brought to life by changes in theoretical thought are reflected in the culture, practice and political life of modern society.
Problem setting. Critical thinking is an attribute of consciousness that can be manifested in all human activities where it is required, as a condition of possibility, in the use of critical reason and deliberation. Consequently, it is in the domains of politics that critical thinking is used more frequently, to discuss the scope and concrete significance of the discourses and practices that, from the exercise of public powers, are deployed on intelligent citizenship and with the minimum necessary of information for peer deliberation. Recent research and publications analysis. The term «critical thinking» itself is inextricably linked with the concept of «criticism. The Modern Dictionary of Social Sciences defines the term «criticism» as «a way of spiritual activity, the main task of which is to give a holistic assessment of the phenomenon, revealing its contradictions, strengths and weaknesses». Critical thinking is understood as a system of judgments, which is used to analyze things and events with the formulation of sound conclusions and allows us to make informed estimates, interpretations, and also apply the results to situations and problems. According to a number of researchers (Palacios, Alvarez, Moreira, and Moran, 2017), critical thinking is a type of reasoning that can be defined differently, but most of these reasoning always have something to do with the act of a survey or assessment. For this reason, speaking of critical thinking in general terms, references are made to questions and assessments, which ultimately make it possible to express a judgment or substantiate a position regarding a fact, phenomenon or idea. There is a position that the transition to a critical level of thinking in a particular community is a necessary prerequisite for the beginning of the civilized development of this community. Paper objective. The objective of this article is to deconstruct the most common contributions of critical thinking, as a form of participation and political deliberation. It is about investigating ...
Many people believe that the traditional descriptive geography has exhausted. The position dominates that the country description is not a contribution to science, whereas the regularity, which was confi rmed by quantitative measurements, has scientifi c value and importance. But the vast majority of people believe that the geography is the science about countries. Ignoring local geography and regional geography by geographers leads to neglect of opportunities of geographical science. The task of designing the national geography requires the unity of its physical and economic branches, ties them both to history and politics. Adjustments to the curriculum of geographic, touristic and humanitarian specialties of higher education institutions are required. Multi-volume regional editions of "Russia" and "Picturesque Russia" described the nature together with way of life and style of thinking of inhabitants. Similar by the goals and objectives, the editions of "Soviet Union" and "Environmental Condition and Natural resources of the USSR", published in the 60s – early 70s, were incomplete because of the lack of attention to a human being. For any state the creating of its attractive portrait to raise its prestige is no less important than the strengthening of the military and economic power. The global role of Russia is that it is a kind of biosphere-therapeutic reserve of the globe, almost half of its spaces are not burdened by anthropogenic and technogenic load. It is geographic attributes that provide political continuity of the country. Together with the traditional division of geography on the physical and socioeconomic geography it should be emphasized and the other two main parts – a general geography and regional geography. ; Многие полагают, что традиционное описательное страноведение себя исчерпало. Господствует позиция, что подтвержденная количественными измерениями закономерность научна и весома, а страноведческое описание не является вкладом в науку. Но подавляющее большинство людей полагает, что география – это наука о странах. Игнорирование краеведения и страноведения географами ведет к пренебрежению возможностями географической науки. Задача конструирования национальной географии требует единения ее физической и социально-экономической ветвей, связи их обеих с историей и политикой. Необходима коррекция учебных планов географических, гуманитарных и туристических специальностей вузов. В многотомных страноведческих изданиях "Россия" и "Живописная Россия" природа подавалась вместе с укладом, бытом и стилем мышления населяющих ее людей. В отсутствии человека кроется незавершенность сходных по целям и задачам изданий "Советский Союз" и "Природные условия и естественные ресурсы СССР", выпускавшихся в 1960-х – начале 1970-х годов.Для авторитета любого государства конструирование своего притягательного портрета не менее важно, чем укрепления военно-экономического могущества. Глобальная роль России состоит в том, что она – своего рода биосферно-терапевтический резерват земного шара, почти половина ее пространств не отягощена антропогенной и техногенной нагрузкой. Политическую преемственность страны обеспечивают именно ее географические атрибуты. Вместе с традиционным делением географии на физическую и социально-экономическую следовало бы подчеркнуть и другие две главные ее части – общую географию, или землеведение, и региональную географию, или страноведение.
У статті розглядається один з різновидів дослідницької аналітичної технології – кейс методика, як методика активного, евристичного навчання, відмінною рисою якої є створення проблемної ситуації на основі фактів з реального життя. Обґрунтовується доцільність застосування кейс-методики в курсі політології, враховуючи її переваги порівняно з традиційними методиками навчання. ; The article considers one of the types of research analytical technology case study method, as the technique is active, heuristic learning, the hallmark of which is to create a problem situation based on the facts of real life. The expediency of the use of case methods in political science course, given its advantages in comparison with traditional teaching methods.