Suchergebnisse

The late Middle Ages witnessed the transformation of the county of Holland from a peripheral agrarian region to a highly commercialised and urbanised one. This book examines how the organisation of commodity markets contributed to this remarkable development. Comparing Holland to England and Flanders, the book shows that Holland's specific history of reclamation and settlement had given rise to a favourable balance of powers between state, nobility, towns and rural communities that reduced opportunities for rent-seeking and favoured the rise of efficient markets. This allowed burghers, peasants and fishermen to take full advantage of new opportunities presented by changing economic and ecological circumstances in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries

Title Page; Copyright; Table of Contents; Body; Markus Stock and Nicola Vöhringer: Spatial Practices, Medieval/Modern; Oliver Simons: Spatial Turns around 1800; I.; II.; John K. Noyes: Space-Time Conversion and the Production of the Human; Bent Gebert: The Greater the Distance, the Closer You Get; I. Paradoxical Proximity: A Note on Travelling; II. Love Songs as Teleiopoetry: Two Examples from German Minnesang; III. `Teleiopoiesis' - the Making of Proximity Through Distance; IV. Teleiopoetry as Cultural Practice; V. Between Absence and Presence - Towards a Middle Ground

"Of all the illustrations depicting a section of the earth's surface, the first to resemble the actual circumstances closely are Medieval sea charts known as Portolan charts. These depictions appeared quite suddenly in the thirteenth century and exhibit a conspicuous chordal network, a linear system based on the point of the wind. Mathematical investigations of the coastlines shown on these sea charts have revealed an astonishing degree of precision in comparison to modern charts. It is not known what methods were used to determine the geodetic foundations for the Portolan works. The question of authorship leads back to Roman and Hellenistic antiquity, and it is not impossible to imagine a set of circumstances that could have allowed these mysterious documents to survive ancient times and be handed down through the generations to the Medieval period." (author's abstract)

Die Aufnahme und Bearbeitung von Quellen ist in der Geschichtswissenschaft in den letzten Jahren zunehmend mit Hilfe der EDV vorgenommen worden. Die Möglichkeiten von Expertensystemen sind jedoch in diesem Bereich noch eher begrenzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Forschungsprojekt vor, das die automatische Auflösung mittelalterlicher Zeitdatierungen in frei definierbare Subsysteme anstrebt. Bearbeitet und elektronisch gespeichert werden 9.000 Datierungen nach dem Heiligenkalender, da die Zeitschematisierung im Mittelalter nach Fest- und Heiligentagen geschah. (pmb)