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[EN] This investigation started with an inquiry: did the Great Depression impact Latin America similarly? Does the case of Ecuador represent a point of dissimilarity? Ecuador does represent an atypical case in the region. The data presented in this study shows that the impact of the Great Depression in Latin America was uneven: while the region declined sharply from 1929 to 1932, and since 1933 it registers signs of accelerated growth, Ecuador remained stagnant throughout the decade studied.However, the development of some macroeconomic data are similar in the entire region because of the close commercial links with the United States of America. The evolution of foreign trade and public finances were similar: a profound reduction until 1932-1933, and then a quick recovery.Finally, the Great Depression represents a break point in Latin American: the growth of the region passes from depending on the external trade to a development that focused on the ingrowth. ; Naranjo Navas, CP.; Naranjo Navas, AD.; Navas Labanda, AC. (2019). The Impact of the Great Depression in Ecuador. Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences. 6(2):11-53. https://doi.org/10.4995/muse.2019.7766 ; SWORD ; 11 ; 53 ; 6 ; 2 ; Almeida, R. (1994). Kemmerer en el Ecuador. Serie Tesis - Historia. Quito, Ecuador: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Sede Ecuador. ; Banco Central de Ecuador. (1937). Decretos. Boletín Mensual , Año XI (122), 1-20. ; Banco Central de Ecuador. (Enero de 1940). Consumo Interno. Boletín Mensual, Año XIII, N.150-151. ; Banco Central del Ecuador. (1939). Notas Informativas. Boletín Mensual , Año XIII (145), 1-30. ; Bethell, L. (1998). Latin America: Economy and Society Since 1930. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511626074 ; Bethell, L. (1991). Historia de América Latina. América Latina: economía y sociedad, c. 1870-1930. Barcelona, España: Editorial Crítica. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHOL9780521266529 ; Brian News Service. (1932). Edwin W. Kemmerer. ...

Meme, as part of visual communication, is happening during Jakarta's governor elections in 2017. The existence of the meme is not detached from the creativity of meme creators on social media. The research aims to reveal the characteristics of meme creators based on the type of meme and uncover the construction of meanings from the meme creator's viewpoints on Jakarta's governor election. This research used a qualitative method with a virtual ethnographic approach. Virtual ethnography is used to view visual phenomena or user culture in cyberspace. Data were collected in the form of meme posts, and user comments on the posts in Instagram accounts, interviews, and literature studies. The meme was analyzed using Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis focused on the social cognition section to observe the meaning of construction performed by the meme creator. The results showed that there are three characteristics of meme creators. Firstly, the meme creators who promote the candidate and counter the negative issue of the opposing party about the supported candidate. Secondly, they who provide the awareness of the community to be more critical and not easily deceived by negative symbols and issues. Thirdly, the chaotic creators who do not have a precise orientation in creating memes and upload memes just for jokes on social media.

This article is organized to analyze concept of incorporation and China as a case study through inquiring how the process of integration of China to the Modern World System- Capitalist World Economy occured. Firstly theoretical basis is tried to be emphasized and then following the subject of China's brief historical background, it is examined the main characteristics and some statistics of China's economic change before concluding remarks. Those who reads this work will be able to find general information about the Capitalist World Economy, Incorporation concept and China's place in this structure. There is a wide range of literature on the history and economic power of China, and all these resources have helped a lot to analyze this work. China's increasingly massive economic share shows that the world system needs to be questioned and some analysis is needed. In this study, it is analyzed whether there is an overlap between China's ideological identity and its place in the world system (claimed) and the integration process.

A pesar de que la incertidumbre política, que derrumbó el ICH el pasado trimestre, no ha mejorado, parece que nos hemos adaptado a la situación y esto provoca que las previsiones para los próximos meses sean más optimistas. La Situación Actual ha mejorado ligeramente (3 puntos) con respecto a los datos de marzo; sin embargo, las Expectativas han aumentado en casi 10 puntos con respecto a la cata anterior. Si estas predicciones se cumplen 2016 no será tan mal año como augurábamos en un principio.

The EU's framework programmes for research and innovation have devoted significant investments towards the study of democracy. This review presents findings from framework programme projects and in general takes stock of European research on the subject matter. It provides a mapping of results, evidence and recommendations, and assesses the needs and pertinent foci for future European research. It aims to build on areas of research where there is already a good deal of knowledge. At the same time, it focuses on those areas where there are gaps in our knowledge about the workings of and present threats to democracy.