Suchergebnisse

Foreword / by Ambassador Tefera Shiawal -- The United Nations -- Africa : the AU and sub-regional organizations -- Asia : ASEAN and other sub-regional institutions and proposals -- The Americas and Europe : the OAS and OSCE -- Conclusion: Optimism about civil society, and a proposed executive preventive role for the UN Security Council.

Examines the settlement of varied military & political disputes to quell increasing doubts about the viability of preventive diplomacy (PD) as a way for great powers to defuse international crises. Seven chronological cases, beginning with the 1830 Belgian revolt against the Dutch & ending with the recent conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina, are explored to shed light on how uncompromising local attitudes, rifts within international coalitions, & risks of PD failure were eventually overcome. Special emphasis is given to the endgame phase of conciliatory & coercive approaches to interventionist PD. It is emphasized that PD is not a one-time effort, & the failure of early intervention does not necessarily preclude the success of continued efforts. Key PD components of insulation & intervention are examined, noting that the primary task of a great power coalition involves overcoming the resistance of local antagonists in order to get them to accept an agreed-upon settlement. Four key distinctions for explaining cases of satisfactory PD settlements are discussed along with the policy implications of the case comparisons. 1 Table. J. Lindroth

Preventing ethnic conflicts : a reconsideration of the self-determination principle / Kikkawa Gen -- Security communities, power sharing, and preventive democracy -- Hoshino Toshiya -- Human rights, democratization, and preventive diplomacy : the OSCE in Belarus / Miyawaki Noboru -- Forced displacement and the prevention of further conflicts : lessons from the African Great Lakes region and Kosovo / Akizuki Hiroko -- Preventive diplomacy and the reform of the United Nations / Shōji Mariko

The concept of preventive diplomacy has captivated the United Nations since it was first articulated by Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld a half-century ago. Successive generations of diplomats and statesmen have invested in the idea that diplomatic efforts might be able to head off international conflicts and disasters. Dramatic successes, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, contrast with dramatic failures, such as the inability of UN efforts to halt the invasion of Iraq in 2003. In this careful study, distinguished former UN civil servant Bertrand G. Ramcharan traces the history of the practice of preventive diplomacy by UN Secretaries-General, the Security Council, and other UN organizations, and assesses the record of preventive diplomacy and examines its prospects in an age of genocide and terrorism.