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This book introduces readers to essential technology assessment and forecasting tools, demonstrating their use on the basis of multiple cases. As organizations in the high-tech industry need to be able to assess emerging technologies, the book presents cases in which formal decision-making models are developed, providing a framework for decision-making in the context of technology acquisition and development. Applications of different technology forecasting tools are also discussed for a range of technologies and sectors, providing a guide to keep R & D organizations abreast of technological trends that affect their business. As such, the book offers a valuable the theoretical and practical reference guide for R & D managers responsible for emerging and future technologies.

Foresight is actively used worldwide within the framework of the national research and development policy. At that transformation of foresight into a regularly used tool of long-term forecasting depends on a number of institutional, organizational and political factors. The author attempts to identify such factors based on analysis of the foresight practice in the UK, Brazil and Russia. ; Метод форсайта широко используется в государственной научно-технической политике разных стран для определения приоритетов НИОКР. При этом закрепление форсайта в качестве регулярно применяемого инструмента зависит от ряда институциональных, организационных и политических факторов. Автором предпринята попытка выявить подобные факторы на основе анализа практики форсайт-исследований в Великобритании, Бразилии и России.

This paper seeks to provide guidelines to governments planning to undertake research and development programmes aimed at finding ways to manage irrigation systems in a sustainable way. After describing the challenges affecting irrigated agriculture at the present time, the paper presents two examples of action-oriented research projects, from which some preliminary principles for effective irrigation management research and development are derived.