Suchergebnisse

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. ; This Letter presents a measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section using 60 μb−1 of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy √s of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Inelastic interactions are selected using rings of plastic scintillators in the forward region (2.0710−6, where MX is the larger invariant mass of the two hadronic systems separated by the largest rapidity gap in the event. In this ξ range the scintillators are highly efficient. For diffractive events this corresponds to cases where at least one proton dissociates to a system with MX>13 GeV. The measured cross section is compared with a range of theoretical predictions. When extrapolated to the full phase space, a cross section of 78.1±2.9 mb is measured, consistent with the inelastic cross section increasing with center-of-mass energy. ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI, Armenia ; Australian Research Council ; BMWFW, Austria ; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) ; SSTC, Belarus ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; NRC, Canada ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; DNRF, Denmark ; Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; CEA-DSM/IRFU, France ; GNSF, Georgia ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; HGF, Germany ; Max Planck Society ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; Hong Kong Research Grants Council ; Israel Science Foundation ; I-CORE, Israel ; Benoziyo Center, Israel ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; CNRST, Morocco ; FOM (The Netherlands) Netherlands Government ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; RCN, Norway ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; NCN, Poland ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ; MNE/IFA, Romania ; Russian Federation ; NRC KI, Russian Federation ; JINR ; MESTD, Serbia ; MSSR, Slovakia ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia ; MIZS, Slovenia ; DST/NRF, South Africa ; MINECO, Spain ; SRC, Sweden ; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; SERI, Switzerland ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland ; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; BCKDF, Canada ; Canada Council, Canada ; CANARIE, Canada ; CRC, Canada ; Compute Canada, Canada ; FQRNT ; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada ; European Union (EU) ; European Union (EU) European Research Council (ERC) ; Horizon 2020, European Union ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes ; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Herakleitos ; Thales programme ; Aristeia programme ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation ; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; Minerva, Israel ; BRF, Norway ; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain ; Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) 1366825 ST/J004804/1 GRIDPP ST/N000307/1 ST/L006162/1 ST/K001329/1 ATLAS ATLAS ST/M000753/1 ST/N000463/1 ST/K001329/1 ST/J005533/1 ST/L000997/1 ST/L003449/1 PP/E000444/1 ; ICREA

The purpose of the article to follow the historic stages of the rapprochement between Chinese-east and uropean-west music area in last century, till the diffusion of the cultural stimulus in creative activity Tan Dun and other epresentatives of the Orient in European cultural space.The declared subject is determined by sum of the postavant-garde cultural wave of modernity where the ntegrative factors "Orient-West" occupy the significant place. In music world Tan Dun, chinese gеnius in european cоmpоser system of self-expression symbolizes deep diffusion of corresponding to cultural quality.The value of the chinese influence on French was displayed by C. Debussi. R. Retie states that C. Debussi's harmonic harmony is illusory, but the reality of the harmony constructions emerges mеlоdious tonality, linked his style with the Orient. Debussi, with delight said about to "rococo" painting, and used it in his composition "Chinese rоndеl" one of that this sort gallant (in initial meaning – kind, exquisite polite and good-hearted) art. This approach in analysis of the semantic esthetics become clear when "ethnological fine", which easy to reach by dint of quotation half tone melody, obvious and comprehensible all sign of the Orient. The composer didn't use this instance.M. Voloshin in his essay put the "exotic" of romantic of the romantics an against the symbolists. It is well known that in Russian music culture the ideas of symbolism art original were refracted in creative activity of the national Russian music leader of the modernist style A.Skrjabin and S. Rachmaninov.Beside A. Skrjabin's aesthetic principles of symbolism and style particularities sounded diversionary and declarative, pointing on the theosophical installation and on indian sources, Buddististical forming and its connection with Chinese religious world. In S. Rachmaninov's compositions that symbolism style factors are given in the complex joining of artistic inclines. In A. Skrjabin melodies the ideas of the cosmic gigantism found specific russian mаximalism in faithfulness of the Ideal Rachmaninov intended to national folklore tradition. At same time in Rachmaninov's compositions we can see the obvious installation on symbolism and estheticism in vocal lyric poet. The Role of the russian music in shaping the modernist style as a whole global has defined G. Eimert, which pointed out the russian root of the world avent-garde, generalised position chapters Köhln schools of K. Stockhausen comparatively the one of the Skrjabin base searching for "world theatre" in avаnt-garde tendencies in the second part of the XX century.The transformation from symbolism-expressionism modernism of A. Skrjabin to "new business ability" type "Gebrauchtmusik" german school 1920 years became the expressionism-primitiveness manifestations of the type "Miraculous tangerine" of B. Bartók (1919). This composition is exceedingly original, has carried out "chinese stamp" in european music. It was an pеntаtоnic of the Tangerine as semantic join her with pеntаtоnic style oldeuropean mеlоdiсs, in Hungarian variant united with Asiatic origins, which have been given the European nation.The theatre of B. Brecht is determined in adjectives such as "epic" theatre, its epic principle has generated his deep knowledge of music. The music part of such show is subordinated by popular-cultural type of the expression, where the structure of songs-hits includes the scenic actions in timeless. In this context music of Brecht's performances can be compared with the cian of Chinese opera moreover, in variant ciuj-pe, "provincialism", which nature forms their deep value.But the main expressive acceptance, which has invented the theatre of Brecht and Peking opera was the agitation-sharp manner of scansion in pronouncing of the text. It is enough to match the fragments an readings from Czincziuj's shows with alive authentic record (not all theatres capable to do it, but only Moscow Theatre level on Taganka with participation V. Vysockij 1970 years!) of the shows Brecht to make sure these phenomena in deep sense resemblance.The one line of the Czincziuj's influences is a ballet of R. Glier "Red flower". It is well known that this show got significant success in 1927 in Soviet Russia (Moscow, Big theatre), but then it was subsequently postponed on the secondary scenes of the country. Glier's ballet did not take categorically the individual psychology traditional music thinking, in revenge after "new youth" blast 1920 years. His ballet consisted of duet of Soviet Captain and Tai Hoa, dancers, the main to heroines on motive of the Internationale such as joining of ideological music sign and intimaty of larval relations did not comply with the classics of the ballet european theatre by the most categorical image.The new stage is an interaction with Chinese theatre, where the culture of the ballet naturally has grown up from dance-acrobatic "military" shows of Beijing operas Jingju. The Opera of J. Adams "Nixon in China" has opened the way of Chinese art in the popular cultural area and became the triumph in 2000 years of the production kuncuy in USA then the process was marked amicable agreement popularity Tan Dun as the genius of American music and the megaphone of Chinese cultural music in system of European music. ; В статье автор прослеживает исторические этапы сближения китайского (восточного) и европейского (западного) музыкальных ареалов на протяжении ХХ столетия, вплоть до диффузии культурных стимулов в творчестве Тан Дуна и других представителей Востока в европейском культурном пространстве. Это определено итоговостью поставангардной культурной волны современности, в которой интегративные показатели "Восток-Запад" занимают значительное место. ; У статті автор прослідковує історичні етапи зближення китайського (східного) і європейського (західного)музичних ареалів протягом ХХ століття, аж до дифузії культурних стимулів у творчості Тан Дуна та інших представників Сходу в європейському культурному просторі. Це визначено підсумковістю поставангардної культурноїх вилі сучасності, в якій інтегративні показники "Схід-Захід" займають значне місце.

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS and CMS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT (Argentina); YerPhI (Armenia); ARC (Australia); BMWFW and FWF (Austria); ANAS (Azerbaijan); SSTC (Belarus); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); NSERC, NRC, and CFI (Canada); CERN; CONICYT (Chile); CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MSMT CR, MPO CR, and VSC CR (Czech Republic); DNRF, DNSRC, and Lundbeck Foundation (Denmark); MoER, ERC IUT, and ERDF (Estonia); EPLANET, ERC, and NSRF (European Union); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA, CNRS/IN2P3 (France); GNSF (Georgia); BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG, and AvH Foundation (Germany); GSRT and NSRF (Greece); RGC (Hong Kong SAR, China); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE, and Benoziyo Center (Israel); INFN (Italy); MEXT and JSPS (Japan); JINR; MSIP, and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); CNRST (Morocco); FOM and NWO (Netherlands); MBIE (New Zealand); BRF and RCN (Norway); PAEC (Pakistan); MNiSW, MSHE, NCN, and NSC (Poland); GRICES and FCT (Portugal); MNE/IFA (Romania); MES of Russia, MON, RosAtom, RAS, and RFBR (Russian Federation); MSTD and MESTD (Serbia); MSSR (Slovakia); ARRS and MIZS (Slovenia); DST/NRF (South Africa); MINECO, SEIDI, and CPAN (Spain); SRC and Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden); ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SER, SNSF, UniZH, and Cantons of Bern, Geneve, and Zurich (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); MST (Taiwan); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR, and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC and the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust (U.K.); DOE and NSF (U.S.). In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the crucial computing support from all WLCG partners, in particular from CERN and the Tier-1 and Tier-2 facilities worldwide. ; A measurement of the Higgs boson mass is presented based on the combined data samples of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the CERN LHC in the H → γγ and H → ZZ → 4l decay channels. The results are obtained from a simultaneous fit to the reconstructed invariant mass peaks in the two channels and for the two experiments. The measured masses from the individual channels and the two experiments are found to be consistent among themselves. The combined measured mass of the Higgs boson is mH ¼ 125.09 0.21 ðstatÞ 0.11 ðsystÞ GeV ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI (Armenia) ; Australian Research Council ; BMWFW (Austria) ; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) ; SSTC (Belarus) ; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS ; FWO ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; CAPES ; Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; MES (Bulgaria) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; NRC (Canada) ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias ; MSES (Croatia) ; CSF (Croatia) ; RPF (Cyprus) ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; DNRF (Denmark) ; MoER (Estonia) ; Estonian Research Council ; European Union (EU) ; European Research Council (ERC) ; Academy of Finland ; Spanish Government ; HIP (Finland) ; CEA, CNRS/IN2P3 (France) ; GNSF (Georgia) ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; HGF (Germany) ; Max Planck Society ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; NSRF (Greece) ; Hong Kong Research Grants Council ; Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA) ; United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA ; Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) ; Department of Science & Technology (India) ; IPM (Iran) ; Science Foundation Ireland ; Israel Science Foundation ; MINERVA (Israel) ; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; I-CORE (Israel) ; Benoziyo Center (Israel) ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; JINR ; MSIP (Republic of Korea) ; NRF (Republic of Korea) ; LAS (Lithuania) ; MOE (Malaysia) ; UM (Malaysia) ; CINVESTAV (Mexico) ; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) ; SEP (Mexico) ; UASLP-FAI (Mexico) ; CNRST (Morocco) ; FOM (The Netherlands) Netherlands Government ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ; MBIE (New Zealand) ; BRF (Norway) ; RCN (Norway) ; PAEC (Pakistan) ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; MSHE (Poland) ; NCN (Poland) ; NSC (Poland) ; GRICES (Portugal) ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ; MNE/IFA (Romania) ; Russian Federation ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) ; MSTD (Serbia) ; MESTD (Serbia) ; MSSR (Slovakia) ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia ; MIZS (Slovenia) ; DST/NRF (South Africa) ; MINECO (Spain) ; SEIDI (Spain) ; CPAN (Spain) ; SRC (Sweden) ; Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden) ; ETH Board (Switzerland) ; ETH Zurich ; PSI (Switzerland) ; SER (Switzerland) ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; UniZH (Switzerland) ; Canton of Bern (Switzerland) ; Canton of Geneve (Switzerland) ; Canton of Zurich (Switzerland) ; NSC (Taipei) ; MST (Taiwan) ; ThEPCenter (Thailand) ; IPST (Thailand) ; STAR (Thailand) ; NSTDA (Thailand) ; Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; NASU (Ukraine) ; State Fund for Fundamental Research (SFFR) ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Royal Society of London ; Leverhulme Trust ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Lundbeckfonden

We present a measurement of the Z boson differential cross section in rapidity and transverse momentum using a data sample of pp collision events at a centre-of-mass energy s=8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb?1. The Z boson is identified via its decay to a pair of muons. The measurement provides a precision test of quantum chromodynamics over a large region of phase space. In addition, due to the small experimental uncertainties in the measurement the data has the potential to constrain the gluon parton distribution function in the kinematic regime important for Higgs boson production via gluon fusion. The results agree with the next-to-next-to-leading-order predictions computed with the FEWZ program. The results are also compared to the commonly used leading-order MADGRAPH and next-to-leading-order POWHEG generators ; California Earthquake Authority European Regional Development Fund Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Pakistan National Science and Technology Development Agency: Thailand Ministry of Science and Technology Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej Hispanics in Philanthropy Korea Research Council for Industrial Science and Technology California Department of Fish and Game Compagnia di San Paolo Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Qatar National Research Fund National Research Foundation Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning Canadian Mathematical Society A.G. Leventis Foundation U.S. Department of Energy Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Research Promotion Foundation: Cyprus National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Austrian Science Fund Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????) Belgian Federal Science Policy Office Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación European Commission Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy National Institutes of Health: Hungary CERN Serbia Erzincan Üniversitesi NSC Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Santa Fe Institute Ministry of Education and Science Louisiana Academy of Sciences Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine: Ukraine CS Fund: Croatia Fuel Cell Technologies Program Ministry of Education Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan: Taipei College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York Human Growth Foundation Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS National Natural Science Foundation of China Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Hungarian Scientific Research Fund Universidade de Macau Rochester Academy of Science Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy European Regional Development Fund Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca: 20108T4XTM General Secretariat for Research and Technology European Research Council ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MOST , and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER , ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV , CONACYT , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON , RosAtom , RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter , IPST , STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation ; the A.P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research , India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science , cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund ; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU- ESF and the Greek NSRF ; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund .

The first direct search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the recently discovered Higgs boson (H) is described. The search is performed in the H???e and H???h channels, where ?e and ?h are tau leptons reconstructed in the electronic and hadronic decay channels, respectively. The data sample used in this search was collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb?1. The sensitivity of the search is an order of magnitude better than the existing indirect limits. A slight excess of signal events with a significance of 2.4 standard deviations is observed. The p-value of this excess at MH=125 GeV is 0.010. The best fit branching fraction is B(H???)=(0.84?0.37 +0.39)%. A constraint on the branching fraction, B(H???)>1.51% at 95% confidence level is set. This limit is subsequently used to constrain the ?–? Yukawa couplings to be less than 3.6×10?3 ; California Earthquake Authority Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine: Ukraine CS Fund: Croatia Fuel Cell Technologies Program Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Ministry of Education - Singapore Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Pakistan Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología National Science and Technology Development Agency: Thailand Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan: Taipei Hispanics in Philanthropy Korea Research Council for Industrial Science and Technology Compagnia di San Paolo California Department of Fish and Game National Research Foundation Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Qatar National Research Fund Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning Canadian Mathematical Society A.G. Leventis Foundation U.S. Department of Energy Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Research Promotion Foundation: Cyprus National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Human Growth Foundation Austrian Science Fund Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung National Natural Science Foundation of China European Regional Development Fund Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Hungarian Scientific Research Fund Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India Universidade de Macau Rochester Academy of Science Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????) Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Belgian Federal Science Policy Office Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy National Institutes of Health: Hungary European Regional Development Fund Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy CERN Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca: 20108T4XTM Serbia NSC General Secretariat for Research and Technology Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek European Research Council Santa Fe Institute Ministry of Education and Science Louisiana Academy of Sciences ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MoST , and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER , ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV , CONACYT , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON , RosAtom , RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter , IPST , STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation ; the A.P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports ( MEYS ) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India ; the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science , cofinanced from European Union , Regional Development Fund ; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF ; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund .

A search for a narrow, high-mass resonance decaying into Z and Higgs (H) bosons is presented. The final state studied consists of a merged jet pair and a ? pair resulting from the decays of Z and H bosons, respectively. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS experiment in 2012, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb?1. In the resonance mass range of interest, which extends from 0.8 to 2.5 TeV, the Z and H bosons are produced with large momenta, which implies that the final products of the two quarks or the two ? leptons must be detected within a small angular interval. From a combination of all possible decay modes of the ? leptons, production cross sections in a range between 0.9 and 27.8 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the resonance mass ; California Earthquake Authority European Regional Development Fund Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Pakistan National Science and Technology Development Agency: Thailand Ministry of Science and Technology Korea Research Council for Industrial Science and Technology Hispanics in Philanthropy California Department of Fish and Game Compagnia di San Paolo Qatar National Research Fund National Research Foundation Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning Canadian Mathematical Society A.G. Leventis Foundation U.S. Department of Energy Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Research Promotion Foundation: Cyprus National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Austrian Science Fund Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????) Belgian Federal Science Policy Office Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy European Commission National Institutes of Health: Hungary CERN Serbia NSC Erzincan Üniversitesi Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Santa Fe Institute Ministry of Education and Science Louisiana Academy of Sciences Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine: Ukraine Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro CS Fund: Croatia Fuel Cell Technologies Program Ministry of Education Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan: Taipei College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York Human Growth Foundation Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung National Natural Science Foundation of China Hungarian Scientific Research Fund Universidade de Macau Rochester Academy of Science Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie European Regional Development Fund Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca: 20108T4XTM General Secretariat for Research and Technology European Research Council ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MOST , and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER , ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV , CONACYT , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON , RosAtom , RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter , IPST , STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation ; the A.P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research , India; the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science , cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund ; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU- ESF and the Greek NSRF ; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund .

Results are reported of a general search for pair production of heavy resonances decaying to pairs of hadronic jets in events with at least four jets. The study is based on up to 19.4 fb?1 of integrated luminosity from proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. Limits are determined on the production of scalar top quarks (top squarks) in the framework of R-parity violating supersymmetry and on the production of color-octet vector bosons (colorons). First limits at the LHC are placed on top squark production for two scenarios. The first assumes decay to a bottom quark and a light-flavor quark and is excluded for masses between 200 and 385 GeV, and the second assumes decay to a pair of light-flavor quarks and is excluded for masses between 200 and 350 GeV at 95% confidence level. Previous limits on colorons decaying to light-flavor quarks are extended to exclude masses from 200 to 835 GeV ; California Earthquake Authority Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture European Regional Development Fund State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine: Ukraine Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro CS Fund: Croatia Fuel Cell Technologies Program Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Ministry of Education - Singapore Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Pakistan Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment National Science and Technology Development Agency: Thailand Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan: Taipei Hispanics in Philanthropy California Department of Fish and Game Compagnia di San Paolo Qatar National Research Fund National Research Foundation Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning Canadian Mathematical Society A.G. Leventis Foundation U.S. Department of Energy Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Research Promotion Foundation: Cyprus National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Human Growth Foundation Austrian Science Fund Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung National Natural Science Foundation of China Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Hungarian Scientific Research Fund Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India Universidade de Macau Rochester Academy of Science Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????) Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie Belgian Federal Science Policy Office Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy European Commission National Institutes of Health: Hungary CERN Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy European Regional Development Fund Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca: 20108T4XTM Serbia NSC General Secretariat for Research and Technology Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek European Research Council Santa Fe Institute Ministry of Education and Science Louisiana Academy of Sciences A.P. Giannini Foundation ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MOST , and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER , ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV , CONACYT , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON , RosAtom , RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter , IPST , STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TÜBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation ; the A.P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research , India; the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation For Polish Science , cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund ; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF ; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund .

A search is performed for heavy Majorana neutrinos (N) using an event signature defined by two muons of the same charge and two jets (?±?±jj). The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. No excess of events is observed beyond the expected standard model background and upper limits are set on |V?N|2 as a function of Majorana neutrino mass mN for masses in the range of 40-500 GeV, where V?N is the mixing element of the heavy neutrino with the standard model muon neutrino. The limits obtained are |V?N|2>0.00470 for mN=90 GeV, |V?N|2>0.0123 for mN=200 GeV, and |V?N|2>0.583 for mN=500 GeV. These results extend considerably the regions excluded by previous direct searches ; California Earthquake Authority Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture European Regional Development Fund State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine: Ukraine Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro CS Fund: Croatia Fuel Cell Technologies Program Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Ministry of Education - Singapore Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Pakistan Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment National Science and Technology Development Agency: Thailand Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan: Taipei Hispanics in Philanthropy Korea Research Council for Industrial Science and Technology Compagnia di San Paolo California Department of Fish and Game National Research Foundation Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Qatar National Research Fund Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning Canadian Mathematical Society A.G. Leventis Foundation U.S. Department of Energy Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Research Promotion Foundation: Cyprus National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Human Growth Foundation Austrian Science Fund Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung National Natural Science Foundation of China Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Hungarian Scientific Research Fund Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India Universidade de Macau Rochester Academy of Science Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????) Belgian Federal Science Policy Office Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación European Commission Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy National Institutes of Health: Hungary CERN Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy European Regional Development Fund Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca: 20108T4XTM Serbia NSC General Secretariat for Research and Technology European Research Council Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Santa Fe Institute Ministry of Education and Science Louisiana Academy of Sciences ; We would like to thank Juan Antonio Aguliar-Saavedra, Francisco del Aguila, and Tao Han for assistance with Monte Carlo generators and calculations of the heavy neutrino branching fractions, as well as for advice on the theoretical interpretations of our results. We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MOST , and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER , ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV , CONACYT , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON , RosAtom , RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter , IPST , STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation ; the A.P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research , India; the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund.

Five mutually exclusive searches for supersymmetry are presented based on events in which b jets and four W bosons are produced in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb?1, were collected with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2012. The five studies differ in the leptonic signature from the W boson decays, and correspond to all-hadronic, single-lepton, opposite-sign dilepton, same-sign dilepton, and ?3 lepton final states. The results of the five studies are combined to yield 95% confidence level limits for the gluino and bottom-squark masses in the context of gluino and bottom-squark pair production, respectively. In the limit when the lightest supersymmetric particle is light, gluino and bottom squark masses are excluded below 1280 and 570 GeV, respectively ; California Earthquake Authority European Regional Development Fund Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission: Pakistan National Science and Technology Development Agency: Thailand Ministry of Science and Technology Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej Hispanics in Philanthropy Korea Research Council for Industrial Science and Technology California Department of Fish and Game Compagnia di San Paolo National Research Foundation Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Qatar National Research Fund Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning Canadian Mathematical Society A.G. Leventis Foundation U.S. Department of Energy Academy of Finland Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Ministerio de Educación y Cultura Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu Research Promotion Foundation: Cyprus National Science Foundation Science and Technology Facilities Council Austrian Science Fund Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India Department of Science and Technology, Government of Rajasthan Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????????? (????) Belgian Federal Science Policy Office Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung European Commission Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy National Institutes of Health: Hungary CERN Serbia NSC Erzincan Üniversitesi Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Santa Fe Institute Ministry of Education and Science Louisiana Academy of Sciences A.P. Giannini Foundation Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine: Ukraine Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro CS Fund: Croatia Fuel Cell Technologies Program Ministry of Education Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan: Taipei College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York Human Growth Foundation Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Secretaría de Educación Pública Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS National Natural Science Foundation of China Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Hungarian Scientific Research Fund Universidade de Macau Rochester Academy of Science Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie Ministerstvo Školství, Mláde?e a T?lov?chovy European Regional Development Fund Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca: 20108T4XTM General Secretariat for Research and Technology European Research Council ; We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq , CAPES , FAPERJ , and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN ; CAS , MOST , and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER , ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland , MEC , and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF , DFG , and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV , CONACYT , SEP , and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON , RosAtom , RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter , IPST , STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation ; the A.P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research , India; the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation For Polish Science , cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund ; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU- ESF and the Greek NSRF ; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund . Appendix?A

Several months in 2013 and 2014 have been a hardly predictable time in Ukraine, and the situation is still far from being stable. This made the editorial team of TCPHEE based in Ukraine postpone publishing consecutive issues. However, while the situation still requires practical steps, many aspects including those related to public health require analysis and debate. Thus we invite opinion pieces and studies addressing all different spheres of how public health should function under changing social circumstances. There might be a wide range of such related topics.The most obvious ones are those linked to changing living conditions. Many studies have been undertaken and published with regard to health threats to refugees, people involved in natural or technical disasters (Noji, 2005). Along with environmental health threats, there might be mental health disturbances (World Health Organization, 1992) resulting from long-term strain, losses et cetera.Another important focus is related to changes in health services provision. Crimea, which is a former Ukrainian territory now occupied by the Russian Federation, was among those in Ukraine highly affected with HIV (Dehne, Khodakevich, Hamers, & Schwartlander, 1999). This was responded by several NGOs actively providing harm reduction services to high-risk groups along with methadone substitution therapy to opiate users and antiretroviral medicines to those HIV-infected (Curtis, 2010). However, there are news reports that Russia is going to stop provision of methadone (kommersant.ru, 2014). As opiate substitution programs have been shown an effective approach towards preventing HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (MacArthur et al., 2012), such change in public health policies might affect not only most at risk populations but their partners and population as a whole as well resulting in a rapid spread of HIV.Yet another related topic is that of how health services can be organized at times of social upheavals. Health service of Maidan, though has already attracted much attention (Yasynska, February 7, 2014), should probably become a focus of more scrutiny as an example of volunteer labor force and resources involvement.However, a wide range of even more difficult issues is to be addressed once life comes to some order after the power transfer to those people who were in favor of the changes. Some models have long been known and just required practical implementation - including those related to preventive medicine and primary health care, to mention just two established internationally as a must of health care several decades ago but still not fully in place in Ukraine. Nevertheless, as these models could not be properly implemented for many years in line, this might derive from the obstacles pertaining to either how health workers are educated or how the system is regulated.Considering the best intentions of people who aimed, as opposed to the bygone authorities, to work for the benefit of their compatriots, we may assume that they would be willing to implement the ideas and technologies with proven ability to improve health and well-being of people. Yet, implementation of evidence-based approaches might be deemed slow and boring in comparison to heroic happenings and populist slogans of the power transfer. What are the tipping points to achieve changes in how people think and work in order to open doors for the best practices elaborated elsewhere along with trial-based implementation of new ideas arising on the spot? Though diffusion of innovation (Rogers, 1962) is a well-known model that describes the process, what could be made to facilitate it?If evidence-based and benefit-aimed technologies are to be brought into deployment, obviously good surveillance systems (Klaucke et al., 1988) become inexorably needed. Yet, overall they are costly and difficult to justify in a poor country. What is an appropriate way of their step by step implementation which allows quick display of payoffs and cost-effective use with the impact on the ways people think and act?Yet, the opposite side of the same story, those pieces of surveillance which are already in place are very unlikely to be properly used. Even those favorable trends in national statistics which showed years of declining mortality (Polischuk, Krasovsky, & Andreeva, 2009) and could be presented by ruling politicians as a sign of their successes, is neglected. This certainly does not mean that surveillance is not needed, but this is still the need to be felt and the tool to be understood and learnt.Many models considered normal and well-developed within the public health in the West are still beyond proper understanding of most health professionals in Ukraine, and probably other countries which resemble it in some features. An important achievement of Maidan was the feeling of community, the ability to self-organize in order to solve arising issues. While 'community' was a hardly definable entity in most countries deriving from the former Soviet Union, it now becomes tangible how people can be together and act together. This gives opportunities to address issues of 'community health,' which was never perceived a realistic construct before. How communities live and act, how they might interact with health policies and health determinants at different levels, how to diagnose and understand them is still another large area that was never studied or taught in a country we come from.Moving towards Europe, as Ukraine strives now, requires crucial changes in many spheres of life. What are the known rules for these changes to happen? What are the hypothetical predictors of these changes to be successful? What are the additional factors yet to be explored and taken into account? Your knowledge, ideas and guesses are welcome!

YÖK Tez No: 476647 ; Yüksek Lisans ; Bugün, Birleşmiş Milletlere üye 192 devletin 150'si denizlere ve okyanuslara kıyısı olan ülkelerdir ve dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık 'si ise su kenarlarının 200 km içerisinde bulunan alanlarda yaşamaktadır. Yani denizler, insanoğluna 300 nm çaplı bir yaşam alanı sunmaktadır. Denizlerin, özellikle 300 nm içi ve ayrıca dışı insanoğlunun yararına birçok fayda sağlar. Bu bakış açısının kökeni 15'inci yüzyıla, coğrafi keşifler çağına dayanır. 15'inci yüzyıldan sonra Portekiz, İspanya, Hollanda, Fransa, İngiltere, Almanya, Japonya, Sovyetler Birliği/Rusya ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri gibi ülkeler üstünlük kazanmak maksadıyla deniz ve denizcilik gücünü kurmaya çalışmıştır. Bu ülkeler denizcilik gücünü elde etmek için bazı kavramları kılavuz edinen bazı yollar izlemişlerdir. Bunun sonucu olarak, bu çalışmada denizcileşen devletlerin denizcileşmenin sonucunda zenginlik, güvenlik ile yenilikçi ve özgür düşünme yeteneğini elde ettikleri önerilmektedir. Bu ülkeler denizcilik gücünü elde ederken birçok farklı yol ve metot kullanmışlardır. Bu kapsamda denizcilik gücünün elementlerinin ve denizcileşme sürecinin tanımlanabilmesi için yeni bir model oluşturulmuştur. Denizcilik gücü elementleri ve denizcileşme modeli kurulurken iki ana yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Bunlar "3 Katmanlı Yaklaşım" ve "Bütüncül" yaklaşımdır. 3 katmanlı yaklaşım üç ana katmanı ifade eder: Deniz yüzeyi, içi ve deniz yatağı. Buna ek olarak, bütüncül yaklaşım şunu ifade eder: Denizcileşme Modeli bir yap-boz gibi tanımlanmıştır ve eğer herhangi bir element eksikse, model kurulamaz. Model bütüncül olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu yüzden, denizcileşme deniz alanlarının tüm katmanları olan deniz yüzeyi, içi ve yatağını içerecek bir şekilde bütüncül bir yaklaşım ile adlandırılmıştır: "3 Katmanlı Bütüncül Denizcileşme Modeli". Ayrıca, 3 Katmanlı Bütüncül Denizcileşme Modeli tarihsel delillere, literatür taramasına ve bugünün politik dünyasına dayanarak denizcileşme sürecini üç ana çıktı ile sonuçlandırmaktadır: Milletlerin Zenginliği, Ülkelerin Güvenliği ve Yenilikçi ve Özgür Düşünme Yeteneği. Bu anlamda, çıkarımsal istatistik metotları "denizcilik gücüne ulaşan ve denizcileşme sürecini yaşatan milletler zenginlik, güvenlik ve yenilikçi ve özgür düşünme yeteneğini elde ederler" fikrini teyit etmek maksadıyla kullanılmıştır. Denizcilik Gücü-Refah ilişkisi; "Liner Denizcilik Bağlantısı" ve "Gayrisafi Milli Hâsıla" ilişkisi üzerinden; Denizcilik GücüÖzgür/Yenilikçi Düşünce ilişkisi "Liner Denizcilik Bağlantısı" ve "İnnovasyon Kapasitesi" üzerinden SPSS istatistik analiz programı vasıtasıyla incelenmiştir. Pearson Moment Korelasyon Katsayısı bir parametrik yöntem olarak ve Spearman Korelasyon Katsayısı değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek için kullanılmıştır. Regresyon analizinin sonuçları denizcilik gücü ve denizcileşme süreci çıktılarının arasındaki ilişkinin illiyet bağını göstermek için kullanılmıştır. Aradaki ilişkinin anlamlı olduğu bu testler ile görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, 3 Katmanlı Bütüncül Denizcileşme Modeli ile "denizcilik gücünü elde eden ve denizcileşme sürecini devam ettiren milletler, denizcileşmenin ana sonuçları olan zenginlik, güvenlik ve yenilikçi ve özgür düşünme yeteneğini kazanır" fikri çıkarımsal istatistiksel metotlar ile teyit edilmiştir. ; Today, 150 of the 192 member states of United Nations (UN) are littoral states and about 50% of the world population lives around 200 km of the seaside and the exclusive economic zone reaches to 200 nm from the coast. Namely, the seas create a 300 NM living space to humankind. Seas, especially inside this 300 nm and also outside it, provide a good deal of benefits to humankind. This perspective roots base on to the 15th century to age of discovery. After 15th century, the countries such as Portugal, Spain, The Netherlands, France, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Soviet Union/Russia and The United States tried to obtain maritime power and sea power. These countries followed some ways by guiding some of the notions to get the maritime power. As a result of this, here in this study, it is suggested that these countries obtained wealth, security, and innovational and libertarian thinking ability by maritime power. While obtaining maritime power, these states followed different ways and methods. In this concept, a new model is developed in order to identify the maritime power elements and maritimization process. Two main approaches are used during establishing the maritime power elements and maritimization model: These are 3-Layer and Holistic approach. 3-Layer approach expresses three main layers: sea surface, subsurface and sea bed. Concurrently; holistic approach expresses that maritimization model is defined like a puzzle and if one of the elements misses, the model could not be established. The model should be evaluated holistically. Therefore, maritimization is deemed as a process to be planned and managed holistically including all parts of maritime area with all three layers of the phenomenon which are sea surface, subsurface and sea bed called: 3-Layer Holistic Maritimization Model. Besides, the 3-Layer Holistic Model concludes a maritimization process with three basic outputs: Wealth of Nations, Security of Country and Innovational and Libertarian Thinking Ability for nations thanks to historical evidences, literature review and today's policy. In this sense, Inferential Statistical Methods are used to verify the idea of that a nation which reaches maritime power and survive maritimization process, gains wealth, security and innovational and libertarian thinking ability. The relation between wealth and maritime power is examined by analyzing the GNI (Gross National Income) data -Atlas Method-. Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) and the relationship between Capacity for Innovation (CI) and LSCI are also analyzed from the sight of Innovational and Libertarian Thinking Ability and Maritime Power relationship via SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient (as a parametric method) and Spearman Correlation Coefficient are used to analyze the relationship between the variables. Regression analysis results are displayed to show the causality relationship between the outcomes of the maritimization and maritime power. The results are found significant -reasonable-. In conclusion it is verified by inferential statistical methods that with the suggested 3-Layer Holistic Maritimization Model, a nation which reaches maritime power and survive its maritimization process, gains wealth, security and innovational and libertarian thinking ability as the maritimization's basic outcomes.

PubMed ID: 24186907 ; Background. Interleukin 12Rß1 (IL-12Rß1)-deficient patients are prone to clinical disease caused by mycobacteria, Salmonella, and other intramacrophagic pathogens, probably because of impaired interleukin 12-dependent interferon production. About 25% of patients also display mucocutaneous candidiasis, probably owing to impaired interleukin 23-dependent interleukin 17 immunity. The clinical features and outcome of candidiasis in these patients have not been described before, to our knowledge. We report here the clinical signs of candidiasis in 35 patients with IL-12Rß1 deficiency.Results. Most (n = 71) of the 76 episodes of candidiasis were mucocutaneous. Isolated oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) was the most common presentation (59 episodes, 34 patients) and was recurrent or persistent in 26 patients. Esophageal candidiasis (n = 7) was associated with proven OPC in 2 episodes, and cutaneous candidiasis (n = 2) with OPC in 1 patient, whereas isolated vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC; n = 3) was not. Five episodes of proven invasive candidiasis were documented in 4 patients; 1 of these episodes was community acquired in the absence of any other comorbid condition. The first episode of candidiasis occurred earlier in life (median age±standard deviation, 1.5 ± 7.87 years) than infections with environmental mycobacteria (4.29 ± 11.9 years), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (4 ± 3.12 years), or Salmonella species (4.58 ± 4.17 years) or other rare infections (3 ± 11.67 years). Candidiasis was the first documented infection in 19 of the 35 patients, despite the vaccination of 10 of these 19 patients with live bacille Calmette-Guérin.Conclusions. Patients who are deficient in IL-12Rß1 may have candidiasis, usually mucocutaneous, which is frequently recurrent or persistent. Candidiasis may be the first clinical manifestation in these patients. © The Author 2013. ; University of Chicago Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Rockefeller University Ege Üniversitesi University College London Istanbul Üniversitesi City, University of London, City Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago Medicine St. Giles Foundation Université Paris Descartes Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: PI10/01718, PI06/ 1031 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences: 8UL1TR000043 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Fundación Canaria de Investigación y Salud, FUNCIS Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, MICYT: 182817, 69992 European Social Fund, ESF Agence Nationale de la Recherche: GENCMCD 11-BSV3-005-01 Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Rockefeller University ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID National Center for Research Resources European Research Council European Regional Development Fund INREDCAN 05/06 ; 1Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, National Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Tunis, 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, 3Laboratory of Cytoimmunology, Pasteur Institut of Tunis, and 4Department of Cardiology, Ariana Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia; 5Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, 6Immunology Division, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, 7Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Center, and 8Department of Pediatric Immunology, Dr Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Center, Ankara, 9Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Istanbul University and Istanbul Medical Faculty, 10Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, and 11Department of Pediatric Immunology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey; 12Department of Immunology, Gran Canaria Dr Negrín University Hospital, 13Department of Pediatrics and 14Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, and 15Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; 16Unit of Biochemistry and 17Laboratory of Microbiology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), and 18Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Laboratory of Pulmonary Physiology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City; 19Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Maastricht, Netherlands; 20Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, and 21Department of Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom; 22Pediatric Department, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel; 23Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Comer Children's Hospital, University of Chicago Medicine, and 24Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Illinois; 25St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, New York; 26Department of Pediatrics, UFRJ–Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 27Group of Primary Immunodeficiencies, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; 28Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; 29Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Puerto Montt, Chile; 30Department of ?linical Immunology, Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Moscow, Russia; 31Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 32University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 33Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, and 34Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France -- Financial support. This work was supported by Fondo de Investiga-ciones Sanitarias, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grants PI06/ 1031 and PI10/01718), the European Regional Development Fund–European Social Fund (FEDER-FSE), Fundación Canaria de Investigación y Salud (Canarian government; INREDCAN 05/06), Foundation Caja Rural de Cana-rias-Chil y Naranjo (research prize 2004), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (fellowship to E. H. R), INSERM, University Paris Descartes, Rockefeller University, National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (grant 8UL1TR000043), Laboratoire d'Excellence "Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases" (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the European Research Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant GENCMCD 11-BSV3-005-01), the St Giles Foundation, the Candidoser Association, and Consejo Nacio-nal de Ciencia y Tecnología de Mexico (grants 69992 and 182817). Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts. --

Historię poszukiwań, badań i grnictwa węgla brunatnego na ziemiach polskich ujęto w okresy: sprzed 1860 r., lata 1861-1918, 1919-1939, 194-1944 i po 1945 r. Najbujniejsze okresy rozwoju przypadają na lata 1860-1918 oraz po 1945 r. Ten ostatni okres cechuje szeroki zakres badań geologicznych, w wyniku ktrych doszło do odkrycia wielu nowych złż węgIa brunatnego oraz znakomitego rozpoznania stratygrafii i geologii trzeciorzędu na Niżu Polskim. Nastąpił niespotykany dotąd rozwj grnictwa tej kopaliny, osiągając poziom wydobycia ponad 75 min t rocznie.OUTUNE OF THE HISTORY OF THE EXPLORATION, EXAMINATION AND MINING OF BROWN COAL IN POLAND AND THE PART TAKEN IN IT BY STATEGEOWGICAL INSTITUTEIn the history of exploration, examination and mining of brown coal in Poland it is possible to distinguish several periods: The period before the years 1860 is accepted as a date of the beginning of industrialization of the countries in the Western Europe, including Poland. The annals of the chroniclers from the years 1692-1693 give hints about brown coal in Żytawa Trough (the environs of present time Bogatynia -fire in the outcrop of coal), and from the years 1740-1780 about the exploitation of this mineral product in the vicinity of Zatoń near Turoszw and Krzelkw near Ząbkowice Sląskie in Lower Silesia. Some indications are existing, according to which brown coal was known in central Poland already in the XII-th century. The period of the years 1861-1918 when brown coal,being considered the significant natural resource, became the important mineral product, mainly in the western area. Several important mining districts fanned there, as for instance: the district of the area near Lubusz, Żary - Zielona Gra district, Zgorzelec district and in the lesser degree Opole district and in single cases in the vicinity of Orłowo in Olsztyn district, Sierakw in the district Poznań, Mogilno in the district Bydgoszcz, and others. It is estimated, that in Poland existed about 130 small, shallow, underground mines of brown coal. Their existence was preceded by the intensive geological surveying, what is shown by the scientific papers, published at that time. In the parts of Poland which Russia and Prussia took during the dismembering of that country, the development of the mining of brown coal was decidedly smaller because of more difficult conditions of the occurrence and discovery of deposits. The geological surveys were made in the regions of Zawiercie, Gry Świętokrzyskie Mts and in the south-eastern region. The period 1919-1939. The surveying and investigations of brown coal were beeing made in Poland and in the areas belonging then to the German III-rd Reich. The development of brown coal mining was different. In the western areas of Poland under the Prussian (Hitlerian) occupation the mining reached the value of 4-5 million tons in 1937; in Poland it was diminishing systematically from the initial value of 270 thousand tons to 10 thousand tons in the end of the period between wars. The cheap and far better black coal from Upper Silesia and Dąbrowa Basin was the strong competition for brown coal. The period 1940-1944 was relatively good for the development of the mining of brown coal in the terrains of Poland. In the western area the production of brown coal was at the former level. One great opencut mine in Turw and about 15 underground mines were active. In Poland Germans, adapting the results of the investigations of A. Sarjusz-Makowski, from the years between the wars, began the intensive surveying and geological examinations in the area of Konin, Uniejw, Tuchola and Wronki, where the opencut mine in Morzysław and the briquetting plant in Marantw were built. The project of the power plant near Konin (present-time power plant in Gosławice) was prepared, and further geological prospecting and surveying works were beeing made very intensively in the area of Niesłusz, Gosławice and, further to the north, near Pątnw, Jźwin and Kazimierz. The period after 1945. The quick revival of the mining of brown coal, together with the unusual increase of its productions, is actual till the present day. Over 30% of Polish electric energy is produced using the brown coal. After the World War II the industry of brown coal, devastated in the great degree, was taken over by the Polish government. The mobilisation of the mines took part in the years 1945-1950. The mine in Turw was taken over in 1947 ready for the exploitation. The beginning of the development of Konin Basin took part in the years 1953-1971; Turek Basin was built in the years 1964-1977. The exploitation of Bełchatw mine has begun in 1982. In the year 1960, the output of brown coal in Poland amounted to 9.3 million tons, while in 1965 -22.6 million tons, in 1980-36.8 million tons, and in 1990 -75.4 million tons. And the same time, the surveying and examination of brown coal deposits was developed on the scale not known before, mainly by State Geological Institute and some other institutions. Very many research works concerning the geology of brown coal and the geology of Tertiary on the Polish Lowland, and thousands of scientific papers, were elaborated and published. While formerly the capacity for the resources of brown coal has been estimated at 2-3 thousand million tons, present documented reserves are evaluated at about 36 thousand million tons, with the summary geological resources of about 230 thousand million tons. These resources exists in over 160 proved deposits and coal fields. They situate brown coal in the national balance of solid raw materials for the production of energy at the position of the very important, if not fully appreciated primary energy carrier. This unusual development of the geology and mining of brown coal in Poland after the World War II ensued as the result of the initiative of State Geological Institute together with the institution connected with coal industry.

Udział polskich uczonych w międzynarodowych kongresach geologicznych datuje się od pierwszych sesji. Do 1913 r. polscy geologowie z 3 zaborw najliczniej uczestniczyli w VII Sesji w Petersburgu w 1897 r. (20 osb) oraz w IX Sesji w Wiedniu w 1903 r. (19 osb). Na przedkongresowej wycieczce w Pieniny i Tatry w dyskusji między V. Uhligiem a J. Lugeonem zdecydowanie utrwaliła się teoria o płaszczowinowej budowie systemu alpejsko-karpackiego.W okresie międzywojennym geologowie polscy brali udział we wszystkich sesjach. W XIV Sesji w Madrycie w 1926 r. naukę polską reprezentowało 19 osb, a jej przedstawiciel J. Morozewicz został wybrany członkiem rady kongresu.Po drugiej wojnie światowej od 1948 r. sesje odbywały się co 4 lata przy stałym udziale Polakw.Okazją przedstawienia 25-1etniego dorobku geologii polskiej była XXIII Sesja w Pradze (1968 r.).Geologowie polscy zgłosili 40 referatw, z tam przygotowali przewodniki dla wycieczek kongresowych po południowych regionach naszego kraju.W 100-letniej działalności międzynarodowych kongresw geologicznych w jego pracach uczestniczyło 236 polskich uczonych.PARTICIPATION OF POLISH RESEARCHERS IN THE INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CONGRESSESParticipation of Polish geologists in the International Geological Congress (IGC) sessions is discussed. Three major periods are differentiated. First of them (18781913) comprises sessions which have taken place in time when our researchers participated in these events as members of delegations of countries occupying Poland (Austro-Hungary, Germany and Russia), the second (19221938) the sessions from the period between the world Wars I and II, and the third the sessions since 1948 till the present.Participation of' Polish geologists in the sessions may be traced back almost to the beginning of history of the International Geological Congresses and it was initially proportional to the existing possibilities in country under occupation. Two sessions appeared most important for the development of international contacts of Polish geologists. One of these was the VIIth IGC Session in Petersburg in 1897, at which 20 out of 944 participants were Polish and A: Michalski acted as the Treasurer of the Organizing Committee. The other was the IXth Session in Wien in 1903. Its programme involved two pre-congress excursions in the part of Poland called at that time as Galicia: one, in the Tatra Mts and Pieniny Klippen Belt, has been conducted by V. Uhlig, Wien geologist and the author of classic, monograph on geological structure of these regions, and the other one, in the Podolia and Prut River valley by W. Szajnocha, the professor of the Jagiellonian University, Cracow. The discussion on the role of nappes in origin of the Tatra Mts, initiated by V. Uhlig, J. Lugeon and several other geologists including Polish ones, in the course of the former excursion, has continued at the sessions of the Congress to become significant event and gather remarkable impact on international geological circles. At the same time that excursion created an unique opportunity for large group of participants from several countries to meet the highest authorities of the Polska Akademia Umiejętności (Polish Academy of Knowledge), a body representing Polish scientific centers in Galicia and other occupied areas.The revival of the Polish state after the w.w. I made possible an organized and official participation of Polish delegations in the IGC sessions. J. Morozewicz, the director of the State Geological Institute, has been the first representative of the Polish government to take part along with a group of Polish geologists in the IGC session (XIIIth IGC Session, Brussels, 1922). Although scientific significance of the IGC sessions was well appreciated in the country, participation of our representatives in these events used to be rather small. The exceptions include the above mentioned Brussels session and the next one, XIVth IGC Session in Madrid (1926). In the latter, 19 Polish geologists have taken part and the Convenor of the Polish delegation, J. Morozewicz, has been appointed to the Council of the Congress. In the third stage (i.e. after the w.w. II), participation of Polish geologists in the sessions markedly increased. This was especially the case of the XXIIIrd IGC Session in Praha (1968), in which for the first time in history of the congresses the number of participants from our country was close to a hundred (93, i.e. 4.3% of all the participants). Polish geologists submitted 40 papers to almost all the sections and symposia and, together with the Czechoslovakian, were conducting several excursions in areas of the two countries. The session in Praha gave an opportunity to present achievements of Polish research centers, especially the Geological Institute, from the last 25 years.The achievements in international cooperation are fairly large. Nevertheless, it should be noted that Polish geologists appear less active than those from neighbouring countries as far as chairmanship of IGC sections and symposia is concerned. From more positive facts it is worth to mention organization of the VIIth Meeting of the Carpatho-Balcan Association, an IGC affiliate, in our country.About 270 geologists participated in that meeting and 260 papers were presented. Moreover, the Xth European Micropaleontological Colloquum has been organized in our country in 1969, within the frame of celebrating centenary of birth of J. Grzybowski, precursor of this method of studies. In that event there took part some dozens specialists from several European countries. Another important event was the colloquum on hydrochemistry of mineral waters, organized in 1979 by the National Committee of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH), in which took part 92 specialists from 12 countries and 45 papers were delivered.The contribution of Polish geologists is especially high in the Commission of the International Geological Map and in activities of its various subcommissions and working groups. In the last years, the intensification of activities of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) was accompanied by growing activity of Polish geologists in the Union, and we have two representatives in its chairmanship.

This paper reviews the policy debate on development issues and examines the economic prospects for developing countries at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It is specifically concerned with the question of whether developing countries will be able to meet the employment and poverty reduction goals set by the World Summit for Social Development, held in Copenhagen in 1995. What policies at the national and international level will be most helpful in this respect? The introductory part of the paper notes that the Social Summit coincided with one of the worst financial crises up to that time in developing economies-Mexico's 'Tequila Crisis' in 1994 and 1995. It is suggested that, notwithstanding that crisis, the immediate economic prospects for developing countries in 1995 appeared much brighter than they do today in the wake of recent economic and financial crises in Asia, Latin America and Russia. The paper notes that, in contrast to the uneven economic performance of the economies of developing countries in the period since the Social Summit, the policy debate has in many ways taken a definite step forward. The main part of the paper provides a systematic investigation of the factors that determine whether or not developing countries will be able to eradicate poverty and achieve full employment with rising productivity and real wages. The paper looks specifically at the following aspects. First, it considers the economic record of developing countries and policy issues raised by this analysis. Second, it examines the complex interrelationships between economic growth, unemployment, poverty reduction and income inequality, both conceptually and empirically. This analysis gives attention to the notion of full employment, the relationship between technical change and unemployment, the economic significance of the information and communications technology revolution, and labour market theories of unemployment and inflation. Third, the paper looks at the changed historical conjuncture for economic development and for the development policy debate. The following themes and related analytical and policy questions are emphasized: Liberalization and globalization-Contrary to theoretical expectations, why has the actual experience of many developing countries with liberalization and globalization been negative rather than positive, i.e. why has it often resulted in crises rather than faster growth? Also, are these failures simply a matter of incorrect policies, or are there more fundamental flaws from the perspective of developing countries, with respect to the institutional arrangements of the world economy under liberalization and globalization? Washington Consensus-Has the Washington Consensus failed? What lessons should be learned from the implementation of that policy programme? Asian financial and economic crisis-A very important and influential thesis concerning the Asian crisis suggests that the failure of Asian countries during 1997-1999 can be ascribed mainly to the dirigiste and corporatist model of capitalism that many of these countries were following. The paper examines this thesis critically. A central policy implication of these analyses is that developing countries need to attain a trend increase in their growth rates, possibly to their pre-1980 long-term rates of about 6 per cent per year. This would enable them to achieve and maintain meaningful 'full employment' in the spirit of the Social Summit, with rising real wages and increasing standards of living. Although faster growth will help to reduce poverty, the latter is affected by other important variables as well-notably inflation, inequality of income and asset distribution, instability of economic growth and government fiscal policies. Women, in particular, are adversely affected by macro-economic instability. In the absence of adequate social security systems, the burden of women's paid as well as unpaid work increases during economic downturns. What is required, therefore, to meet the employment and poverty reduction goals of the Social Summit is not only fast growth, but also better quality growth. The last part of the paper highlights the shortcomings of the present institutional arrangement of liberalization and globalization. It indicates why and how these arrangements make it difficult for developing countries to achieve high rates of economic growth. Indeed, it is suggested that this regime is sub-optimal for both developing and developed countries. It is argued that, today, the main constraints on faster long-term economic growth in both developing and developed countries do not lie on the supply side but on the demand side. In principle, the world has the technological and intellectual capacity, as well as the human and material resources, to achieve the fast growth required to fulfil the aims of the Social Summit. The paper suggests that such growth will, however, only be realized in practice if the alternative strategy outlined is adopted. This involves the pursuit of faster growth of real world demand through co-ordinated expansion by industrialized countries and the introduction of special and differential treatment for developing countries in a number of key spheres. In brief, an essential argument of this paper is that, instead of the present organization of the world economy, a global Keynesian regime of managed world trade and controlled global capital movements is more likely to benefit both developed and developing countries. Together with genuine international co-operation as well as more harmonious relations between employers, employees and governments nationally, this would deliver both fast growth and high quality growth. Such growth would help bring full employment and rising wages in both groups of countries. In analytical terms, the paper stresses the significance of co-ordination failures on the demand side as the main obstacles to economic progress, rather than supply-side deficiencies. In order for the rate of growth of real world demand to be compatible with production possibilities on the supply side, new institutions are required to resolve the co-ordination problems on a sustained, long-term basis.