Actieonderzoek, citizen science en participatieve methoden
In: KWALON: Tijdschrift voor Kwalitatief Onderzoek, Band 28, Heft 3, S. 164-172
ISSN: 1875-7324
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In: KWALON: Tijdschrift voor Kwalitatief Onderzoek, Band 28, Heft 3, S. 164-172
ISSN: 1875-7324
Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.
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Book science has old and deep traditions in Lithuania. At the beginning of the 19th century book science has become the object of scientific discussions not only in Europe but also in Lithuania. There are two main periods of book science – primary and theoretical. It is important also to take note of period of modern book science which has been developing from 1990. The science and its creators have significant achievements which should be summed up. The object of this work is Lithuanian book science from the beginning of the 19th century to these days. The purpose is to show the maturity of book science and its role in the general context of sciences system of Lithuania. The main tasks are: to analyse the activity of the most important and significant institutions which are forming the organization ant structure of book science; to analyse the continuous publication "Knygotyra" and international conferences of book science which are organized in Lithuania; to bring out the foremost creators of Lithuanian book science and to show the main ideas and conceptions which were dominating in their studies as well alternation of that ideas and conceptions in particular period by appealing to their studies; to sum up the state of modern book science and show the factors conditioning it. There were used the methods of analysis of published and not published sources, historiographical, comparative, statistical analysis of data, bibliographical and estimation of experts methods in this work. There was come to the conclusion that the leaders of science schools have had the most influence on development of Lithuanian book science. Their alternation has prompted alterations of ranges and methodological solutions of conception, structure and object of research of book science, at once the advance of science. The activity of pioneers of book science Joachimas Lelewelis and Aleksandras Wiktoras Bohatkiewiczius has been important in primary period of development of book science. There can be accentuated the schools of two scientists – Vaclovas Biržiška and Levas Vladimirovas – in the development of theoretical book science. The school of modern book science has formed under the influence of the said scientists. Each school has special brands. The strong tendency of continuity of science traditions and main ideas allows speak about forming the school of wider dimension – national school. Important features which proclaim the existence of school are the following: formed institutional system of book science and its purposeful activity; publishing of continuous publication "Knygotyra"; organization of yearly international conferences of book science; publication of fundamental studies; creation of theoretical opinions resumptive studies; working of postgraduate and doctoral studies of book science; recognition of research results abroad. The alternation of named features in point of quality and quantity as well the increase of complex of these features leads towards substantiation of proposition that book science is mature science. The increase of collective of scientists, rational planning of research work, wideness and modernization of field of range of book science research problems, inducement of advance of book science internationally and role of Lithuanian book science how leader in neighbour Baltic states are the identificators of maturity of science also. Attribution to underlying lithuanistical research and received sponsorship for pursued research works and projects of publishing by programmes which are realized by government of the state reflect the role of book science in the general context of sciences system in Lithuania best. The importance and role of book science have been increasing in culture of Lithuania of late years especially. The traditional and the new researches of book science expand importantly and guarantee the sphere of knowledge and succession of state's cultural heritage.
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ISSN: 0166-963X
Crimininology metaphors in Lithuanian public discourse during the Soviet period (1975–1989) and in recent years (2001–2015) were analysed and compared. The purpose of this research was to highlight changes in the level of conceptualization and metaphorical expressions and to identify changes in the concepts of crime, criminal and criminality in linguistic culture. It was found that two models of methaphors made up of two minor metaphors were used for criminal during those periods: A CRIMINAL IS NOT A HUMAN BEING (a criminal is an animal (beast, wolf, reptile) – a criminal is a creature (degenerate, creep, devil, freak, monster) and A CRIMINAL IS A CERTAIN PROFESSION (killer / butcher / hunter / fisher). Analysing criminology metaphors used in recent years the monster metaphor was identified, the levels of metaphorisation were compared and two metaphorical parallels a criminal is a hunter and a criminal is a fisher were identified. TO COMMIT A CRIME was metaphorized TO SATISFY PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS (a criminal is preying on his victim) or TO FULFIL DUTY (punish, persecute,,chase, fish). The last two metaphors were characteristic of current discourse. CRIME was structured as AN OBJECT (hard object) and as A NATURAL DISASTER (earthquake). The conceptual metaphor criminality is a disease appeared only lately because crime issues were avoided in the Soviet period. Thus, the comparison of conceptual crimonology metaphors in public discourse during two ideologically and politically different periods revealed that metaphorical expressions and the level of conceptualization changed insignificantly An explanantion of that is not a Soviet tradition but a negative attitude of society towards a criminal and a crime which does not change.
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Crimininology metaphors in Lithuanian public discourse during the Soviet period (1975–1989) and in recent years (2001–2015) were analysed and compared. The purpose of this research was to highlight changes in the level of conceptualization and metaphorical expressions and to identify changes in the concepts of crime, criminal and criminality in linguistic culture. It was found that two models of methaphors made up of two minor metaphors were used for criminal during those periods: A CRIMINAL IS NOT A HUMAN BEING (a criminal is an animal (beast, wolf, reptile) – a criminal is a creature (degenerate, creep, devil, freak, monster) and A CRIMINAL IS A CERTAIN PROFESSION (killer / butcher / hunter / fisher). Analysing criminology metaphors used in recent years the monster metaphor was identified, the levels of metaphorisation were compared and two metaphorical parallels a criminal is a hunter and a criminal is a fisher were identified. TO COMMIT A CRIME was metaphorized TO SATISFY PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS (a criminal is preying on his victim) or TO FULFIL DUTY (punish, persecute,,chase, fish). The last two metaphors were characteristic of current discourse. CRIME was structured as AN OBJECT (hard object) and as A NATURAL DISASTER (earthquake). The conceptual metaphor criminality is a disease appeared only lately because crime issues were avoided in the Soviet period. Thus, the comparison of conceptual crimonology metaphors in public discourse during two ideologically and politically different periods revealed that metaphorical expressions and the level of conceptualization changed insignificantly An explanantion of that is not a Soviet tradition but a negative attitude of society towards a criminal and a crime which does not change.
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The aim of the article is to demonstrate the relationship between modern political science and Romanticism. This is done by using Carl Schmitt's conception of political romanticism and proposing some corrections to it. Schmitt failed to notice important similarities between the scientific concept of causa and the romantic concept of occasio. Modern political science is based on the same assumptions as the modern art of the romantic tradition. The researches of political science are conditioned by an unpolitical relationship with reality.
BASE
The aim of the article is to demonstrate the relationship between modern political science and Romanticism. This is done by using Carl Schmitt's conception of political romanticism and proposing some corrections to it. Schmitt failed to notice important similarities between the scientific concept of causa and the romantic concept of occasio. Modern political science is based on the same assumptions as the modern art of the romantic tradition. The researches of political science are conditioned by an unpolitical relationship with reality.
BASE
The aim of the article is to demonstrate the relationship between modern political science and Romanticism. This is done by using Carl Schmitt's conception of political romanticism and proposing some corrections to it. Schmitt failed to notice important similarities between the scientific concept of causa and the romantic concept of occasio. Modern political science is based on the same assumptions as the modern art of the romantic tradition. The researches of political science are conditioned by an unpolitical relationship with reality.
BASE
The aim of the article is to demonstrate the relationship between modern political science and Romanticism. This is done by using Carl Schmitt's conception of political romanticism and proposing some corrections to it. Schmitt failed to notice important similarities between the scientific concept of causa and the romantic concept of occasio. Modern political science is based on the same assumptions as the modern art of the romantic tradition. The researches of political science are conditioned by an unpolitical relationship with reality.
BASE
ISSN: 0166-9079