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NHS Direct is a relatively new, nurse-based, 24-hour health advice line run as part of the UK's National Health Service (NHS). The service delivers health advice remotely via the telephone. A central aspect of the service is the attempt to provide a standard level of health advice regardless of time, space or the background of the nurse. At the heart of this attempt is an innovative health software called CLINICAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (CAS). Using a number of qualitative methods, this article highlights how the interaction between the nursing staff and this technology is key to the service. The technology is based on management's attempt to standardize and control the caller-nurse relationship. Thus the software can be seen as part of an abstract rationality, whereas how it is deployed by nurses is based on a practical rationality that places practice and experience first and sees the technology and protocols as tools.

While theory and research have identified the possibility for multiple organizational identities to exist within an organization, there is little empirical evidence on how differentiation occurs or what its implications are for the organization. In the course of inductively studying an organizational spin-off, evidence of identity differentiation based on hierarchy level emerged in interview-, documentation-, and observation-based data. Higher levels of the hierarchy tended to see identity in light of the organization's strategy, whereas lower aspects of the hierarchy saw it in relation to the organization's culture. This identity differentiation was evident in marked differences in the perceptions organizational members had about: (i) the nature of organizational identity; (ii) the most salient identity-based discrepancies; (iii) the basis for organizational identity change; and (iv) how identity change can be implemented. After examining how and why this hierarchical differentiation occurred, I discuss the implications for our understanding of organizational identity and situate it in the larger context of organizational change.

Traditional work satisfaction research is criticized for its personalistic approach in conceptualization and measurement. Its results are doubted because of the artificially high proportions of satisfied. In order to overcome some of these shortcomings, the extended model of different forms of work satisfaction originally proposed by Bruggemann (1974) is validated. Six forms of work satisfaction (progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction; constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction) are derived from the constellation of four constituent variables: comparison of the actual work situation and personal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes in level of aspiration, controllability at work. Results from semistructured interviews, a free Q-sort, and a questionnaire for differentiating forms of work satisfaction for 46 nurses provide support for the model. Various methods proved useful in accessing particular aspects of the underlying cognitive and evaluative processes in the formation of different forms of work satisfaction. Implications for personnel management and studies in organizational behavior (performance, intervention strategies) are discussed.

Despite the fact that the views of Georgii Valentinovich Plekhanov (1856–1918) on the World War cannot be studied in his voluminous collected works – the editor abruptly terminated the edition with an article Plekhanov published on the eve of the war's outbreak – his position is broadly familiar to students of Russian and international socialism. Thanks to his substantial published writings from September 1914 to March 1917 scattered through the press of at least five countries, a two volume collection of his articles and speeches for the remainder of 1917, and several brief secondary accounts, it is possible to trace Plekhanov's wartime outlook. By contrast, little is known of his political initiatives, associations and conflicts during the war years. A considerable share of his correspondence and other personal papers – the kind of material likely to illuminate these aspects – has been printed by the Dom Plekhanova, the Leningrad repository that holds almost all of them.

Introduction -- Discourse and media -- Methodology -- Frequency analysis of lexis in the PTC and STC -- Concordance analysis on words directly referencing terrorism in the PTC and the STC -- Contrasting the social contexts of China and the UK -- Conclusions

Department Head: Jane Kneller. ; 2009 Spring. ; Includes bibliographical references (pages 199-206). ; The worsening environmental crisis and the anticipated mass extinction of the world's species require the evolution of an environmental ethics more capable of restraining destructive human actions. Political and business leaders manufacture ever more human need to morally justify, and enable ecosystem liquidation for profit, discouraging human population and consumption stabilization and reduction. The human survival adaptation of moral rights that protects less powerful members of communities by restraining more powerful members, and by doing so benefits both individuals and whole communities, must evolve to meet these challenges. This vital step in human social evolution must build on the recognition that all species have immense intrinsic value, and that like humanity, all species are ongoing entities, superindividuals that have an interest in surviving.

"Autonomy is a towering concept in human affairs. Its "evocative force" pulses through the discourse of classical antiquity, rising in present times and proliferating across the globe. Vital to social-scientific and philosophical understanding, autonomy stands prominently in the pantheon of democratic values, celebrated together with the basic liberties, justice, equality, toleration, and the rule of law. Autonomy is a mainstay of individual freedom and the lifeblood of democratic conceptions of citizenship. Many believe that personal autonomy promotes individuality and authenticity, empowering citizens and spurring positive social change. Various scholars occupy themselves with the question of how to facilitate or to increase personal autonomy in democratic polities. Some ask what liberal government can do to advance personal autonomy, through schooling and other educational measures, in order to enhance people's pursuits or to energize political participation. Others go so far as to propose that personal autonomy is a basic human right, one generating moral and legal entitlements around the world. Numerous advocates have assumed that personal autonomy fits snugly with other important moral and political values. Some presuppose a natural compatibility between personal autonomy and superior ethical agency, reckoning that the more autonomous someone is, the better morally that person will be. Others intimate, or declare outright, that it is decidedly deficient not to be autonomous at the personal level. These views are fabricated from the positive qualities of autonomy, with proponents assuming, even defining, autonomous people as basically moral actors.The rosy notions and happy assumptions about autonomy are dangerous mistakes. Not only do many personally autonomous individuals take form as very bad actors: numerous of them are terrible miscreants who commit despicable, even monstrous acts. Some autonomous individuals torture, rape, and murder people they encounter. Others are deeply wicked and depraved in other ways. Personally autonomous individuals come in many dreadful varieties, from degenerate malefactors to perpetrators of horrific evil. The jumble includes those who unburden themselves of emotional and volitional constraints, preparing themselves for shocking acts. And the mix features individuals who labor thirstily to generate options to do evil, or who mull over depraved choices that appear within their perimeters. These are people whose autono ...

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Abstract

Magyar Társadalomtudományi Szemle (MTSZ), i.e. Hungarian Review of Social Sciences, was published between 1908 and 1918, and it was the highest-toned journal of contemporary Hungarian conservative sociology. At that time, in the last years of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, one of the most pressing social issues was the nationalities question: what rights belong to non-Hungarian-speaking nationalities living in the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary? This question was answered by two schools of tender-aged Hungarian social science. In general, liberal-left sociologists following Western scientific patterns believed that the language and cultural rights of national minorities need to be expanded. Conservatives, on the other hand, called for a restrictive policy to maintain the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Hungary. The analysis of the authors and writings in favour of the extension of rights has been completed (Litván 1978, 2006; Litván–Szücs 1973). Conservative sociologists who support the restriction, however, have so far received almost no attention in the history of sociology. In this writing, I would like to fill this gap. After the short institutional presentation of contemporary conservative sociology, I will focus on their central journal, MTSZ. I will analyse the articles in which the authors have taken a position on the nationalities question. I argue that the articles published in the MTSZ have primarily addressed the nationalities question as a political and demographic issue. Therefore, I will describe these two types of writing. (Beyond that, some articles focused on social theory, culture, or education when writing about the rights of non-Hungarian-speaking minorities.) My basic question is how those aspects of the nationalities question appeared in MTSZ and how those all create a specific political store of knowledge. If we get answers to this, not only will we shed light on one of the forgotten but exciting schools of early Central European social science, but perhaps the history of the first quarter of the 20th century will also be better understood.

The idea of police occupational culture or cop culture has been a source of academic interest and debate since research into policing began in earnest in the 1960s. Police culture has become a lens through which a number of aspects of the police and policing more broadly have been studied, including the use of discretion, police corruption, institutional racism, sexism and police reform. For the most part, these studies have been done in topical isolation from each other and have focused rather narrowly on Anglo-American state policing forms. Using studies from Australia, Britain, the United States, Africa and Canada, this book offers a contemporary look at police culture from an international perspective by questioning established silos in topics, by presenting new ways of thinking about police culture and suggesting forms that police culture is likely to take in the future.In revisiting the meaning of police culture in the light of key developments in the field of policing, including the pluralization of policing governance and delivery, new management practices and the increased diversification and representation within police organizations, the chapters in this book offer both explanatory and normative approaches to the topic. The chapters also point to new topics in police cultural studies, such as the impact of tertiary education opportunities on police culture, police unions as counter-cultural groupings, the coming together of private and public policing cultures, and the impact of new identity groupings on police organizational culture.Students and researchers in police and policing studies, crime and criminal justice, as well as police practitioners themselves, should find this volume of the "Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance" series a particularly interesting read. It presents a timely reassessment of the new dimensions of police occupational culture Proposes a new schema for thinking and writing about policing culture. It considers aspects of the police occupational culture from an international perspective through including studies from Australia, Britain, the United States, Africa and Canada - one often neglected in Anglo-American research. It revisits the meaning of police culture in the light of key developments in the field of policing including the pluralization of policing governance and delivery; new management practices and the increased diversification and representation within police organizations.

This edited volume explores a variety of aspects of associative governance, providing detailed case studies of associations and associational governance in Scandinavia. Theoretically developing a concept and approach of associative governance, the book sheds light on a dynamic way of perceiving associative aspects of community and commercial life that has been hitherto underexplored and undertheorized. It shows how governance by associations may be conducted not only bottom‑up by self‑organized and voluntary participation, but also top‑down by authoritative incorporation through government, and – not least – in multifarious interstices in between. New section by exploring a vibrant panoply of dimensions of associative governance, empirically grounded in historical analyses of a wide range of organizational repertoires, the book may provide novel insights into the significant role of associative governance in Scandinavia over the past two centuries. Finally, it provides research‑based knowledge about how to maintain "good political and economic institutions" in the future and a more holistic and dynamic approach to the literature on The Nordic model. The book will be of key interest to scholars and students of Nordic and Scandinavian studies, history, sociology, political science, marketing, social policy, organization theory, and public management. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution‑Non Commercial‑No Derivatives (CC‑BY‑NC‑ND) 4.0 license.

Part I - Focus Public Health: Missing health political opportunities due to a lack of nutritional behaviour acceptance -- The Importance of Research-Based Learning as a Didactic Necessity in German Public Health Degree Programs -- Community based health promotion for senior citizens – what we can learn from South Korean Model of Senior Centers -- The Impact of Health Literacy on the Healthcare System -- Tertiary prevention and After-Care for Cancer Patients in a Hotel Setting -- Health conferences in Germany, Austria and France. An Overview -- Vaccination Coverage and Attitudes - Ethical Aspects as Challenges in Combatting Measles along the Danube -- Lessons from the creation and failure of two regional cooperation models in the Hungarian health system -- Occupational Health Management as Central Element in Combating Social and Regional Health Inequalities -- Part II - Focus Medicine: Use and significance of expert medical advice on the Internet: results of an online survey among users of German-language health portals -- A source data verification based data quality analysis within the network of a German comprehensive cancer center -- The National Decade Against Cancer 2019-2029: Contents of the initiative and some critical thoughts -- Part III - Focus Digitalization: A Comprehensive Method for Multi-criteria Evaluation of Health Regions -- The Commercial Value of Health-Related Data - an Empirical Study -- Health apps in the area of conflict between state regulation and IT architectures -- Acceptance analysis and ELSI-Aspects of sensor-based care-management: certain results from a qualitative study adressing dehydration management. .

In this book, well-renowned international scholars discuss topics related to various aspects of the history of the Battle of Salamis, inspired by the democratic origins of the Greek naval victory at Salamis. They present deductions from the battle that can be useful for today, and seek answers for a more prosperous and brighter future for our societies. Their analyses are divided into five parts in the book: 1) The democratic implications of the Battle of Salamis; 2) The strategies that lead to monumental naval victories; 3) The institutional implications of the Battle of Salamis; 4) Various societal aspects of the Athenian democracy; 5) The interconnections between two glorious battles: Thermopylae and Salamis. This book is the first out of two edited volumes as a sequel of an international academic conference titled Salamis and Democracy: 2500 Years After that took place between October 3rd and October 5th, 2020, on the occasion of the 2500th anniversary of the great historical event of the Battle of Salamis, which saved Greek culture and the newly founded democratic regimes throughout the Hellenic world during the Classical period (508-323 BCE). The book is a must-read for scholars and students of history, political science, economics, and law, as well as policy-makers interested in a better understanding of classical, ancient, and political history, democracy, strategy, governance, and social choice.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Concerning Gaia—Semiosic Production of/in/by/for Our Planet -- Editing the Text of a Disease: Semiotic and Ethical Aspects of Therapeutic Genetic Engineering -- The Brain's Models and Communication -- Semiotics and Biosemiotics: Are Sign-Science and Life-Science Coextensive? -- Modeling Life: A Note on the Semiotics of Emergence and Computation in Artificial and Natural Living Systems -- Some Semiotic Aspects of the Psycho-Physical Relation: The Endo-Exosemiotic Boundary -- Organization of Biosystems: A Semiotic Approach -- Nature Semiotics: The Icons of Nature -- Ecogenesis and Echogenesis: Some Problems for Biosemiotics -- Phytosemiotics Revisited -- Evolution and Semiotics -- On the Specificity of Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Biosemiotic Excursion -- As Signs Grow, So Life Goes -- The Neglect of Subjective Medical Data and the Cultural Construction of Pain Disease—A Cross-Cultural Study -- On Abductions from the X-Ray Screen: The Semiotic Potential of Radiology Illustrated by Two False Suspicions -- Species, Signs, and Intentionality -- 'Tell Me, Where is Fancy Bred?': The Biosemiotic Self -- Biosemiotics: A Functional-Evolutionary Approach to the Analysis of the Sense of Information -- Half of the Living World Was Unable to Communicate for about One Billion Years -- The Social Construction of Alzheimer's Disease -- Biosemiotics, Ethnographically Speaking -- Categorical Perception as a General Prerequisite to the Formation of Signs? On the Biological Range of a Deep Semiotic Problem in Hjelmslev's as Well as Peirce's Semiotics -- Varieties of Semiosis -- On the Emergence of Chemical Languages -- Index -- Backmatter