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Abstract
Understanding the capacity of child welfare (CW) organisations to deal with child abuse is complex, and dependent on the specific CW context. Sweden occupies a unique position in trying to balance high demands for CW and protection with a strong family support focus, which carries a risk of overlooking children who need protection. Drawing on an understanding of social service organisations as street-level bureaucracies, this article explores discretion in child abuse cases by examining conditions affecting discretion and strategies for investigating child abuse, including police reporting. Thematic analysis of interviews with Swedish supervising social workers showed that staff's conceptions of the CW system influenced the exercise of discretion, leading to different strategies for dealing with child abuse. This resulted in different practices and potentially unequal access to child protection and support, highlighting the wide margin of discretion. This article concludes that the interplay between knowledge and governance is central to equal child protection. This article contributes to the discussion of discretion in CW organisations by underlining the importance of being particularly vigilant about discretion when both children and parents are considered clients, as the child risks being lost as a subject with individual needs and rights.

AbstractFinancial inclusion is an important driver of economic growth, but gender gaps persist in financial activity, especially in low‐income countries. This study analyses the impact of text messages that make salient neighbours' savings behaviour on account usage and savings behaviour of low‐income men and women in Senegal. We performed a randomized field experiment in which 2056 clients of a local financial institution were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. We found gender differences in how these text messages impact savings and account usage. Account usage, account activity and average savings balances of female clients who received weekly savings reminders making their neighbours' savings behaviour salient increased compared to those who received generic savings reminders and those who received no savings reminders. The treatment had no impact on male clients. These results suggest that content‐specific text message reminders can create benefits for both the supply and demand side of financial services for women in low‐income countries, thereby increasing financial inclusion.

The importance and novelty of this work lies in showing the thought of the Cuban priest as one of the richest in concepts, judgments, and variety of analyzes around the social evolution of our country outside of the so-called official academic structures in Cuba; a success that becomes even more evident after the socialist collapse. His approaches move from the circumstances of the national economy to modifications in the field of social and ideocultural relations, with points of view that, at times, differ from the most common perspectives on the same events. Fundamentally active bibliography was used for its development, expressed in the articles of the object in question in Word New, as well as other publications of his. ; La importancia y novedad de este trabajo radica en mostrar al pensamiento del presbítero cubano como uno de los más ricos en conceptos, juicios y variedad de análisis entorno al devenir social de nuestro país fuera de las llamadas estructuras oficiales academicistas en Cuba; acierto que se hace aún más evidente, tras el derrumbe socialista. Sus enfoques se mueven desde las circunstancias de la economía nacional hasta las modificaciones en el ámbito de las relaciones sociales e ideoculturales, con puntos de vista que, en ocasiones, disienten de las perspectivas más comunes sobre los mismos acontecimientos. Para su desarrollo se utilizó bibliografía fundamentalmente activa, expresada en los artículos del objeto en cuestión en Palabra Nueva, así como otras publicaciones suyas.

AbstractThis article analyzes the 1631-33 mutiny led by Kong Youde against the Ming state on the Shandong peninsula and argues that the conflict emerged directly out of the social tensions between local populations and the displaced migrant refugees of the Bohai gulf region. The maritime integration of the Shandong coast city of Dengzhou with the commercial networks of the Liaodong peninsula and the island archipelagoes of the Bohai, together with the militarization of this regional space, created the social conditions in which Kong Youde could mobilize migrant discontent and attempt to construct his own independent military regime. Cette contribution examine la révolte de 1631-1633 dans la presqu'île de Shantung (Shangdong) mené par Kong Youde contre l'Empire Ming. L'auteur estime que ce conflit est en rapport direct avec les tensions sociales entre les populations locales et des migrants déplacés, des réfugés de la région du Golfe de Bohai. D'une part l'intégration maritime de Dengzhou, ville cotière de Shantung avec les réseaux commerciaux de la presqu'île Liaodong, et d'autre part celle avec les archipels de Bohai, ainsi que la militarisation de la région en surcroît, créèrent des conditions sociales qui permîrent à Kong Youde de mobiliser des migrants mécontants qui lui servîrent dans son régime militaire indépendant prévu.

The historiography of World War II is one of the most extensive research topics in historical science. Over the years, a comprehensive study of the military, political and economic history of wartime has been conducted. Particular attention during recent decades has been given to the social aspects of the war. However, the topic of social cohesion in the warring countries remains insufficiently analyzed. Thus, the main objective of the article is to analyze the current state of research on social cohesion in the context of World War II in contemporary British, German and Russian historical literature. The present study of the reflection of cohesion problems in Soviet Union, Great Britain and Germany during World War II is based on the principles of a new interdisciplinary branch of social science – anthropology of war. It integrates the achievements, subject areas and research tools of history, sociology, military psychology, cultural studies, pedagogy, medicine and other disciplines that study the existence of people and society at large in wartime conditions. A comparative analysis of the chosen historiography shows that at the present stage there is a commonality of approaches among historians related to interest in certain personalities, everyday life during World War II and war's gender dimension. The differences in assessments and methods are determined by the role and place of a particular state in the military-political confrontation as well as by prevailing historiographical paradigms. In any case, the theme of social cohesion was not adequately reflected in these studies. In conclusion, the authors note the research potential of analyzing the problems of social cohesion during World War II.

The importence of the work is due to the insufficient knowledge about the phenomenon of social surfing and its contextual influence on the development of civic subjectivity. In the same time surfing is the relevance strategy in the youth environment. The overall propose of this work is to analyze some results of the foresight of the formation of civic subjectivity of young people in conditions of social surfing. The goal is a socio-philosophical assessment of the risks and opportunities for social surfing, including for the development of civic subjectivity in Russia based on the results of foresight. The methodology of the foresight (which had conducted in 2018 in Yekaterinburg) is based on the Rapid Foresight, but does not fully meet it, it is adapted to the specifics of the subject. The results showed potential of social surfing for the development of citizenship in the areas of politics, education, IT-technologies and personal development, which can be realized in the case of working with young people in the logic of decentralization. Conclusions are consistent with modern socio-philosophical concepts (plurality, heterarchy, social intelligence, mobility). The identified risks are associated with attempts to centralize youth activities, which could lead to an increase in formalism and the alienation of part of the youth contingent. ; Актуальность работы обуславливается недостаточной изученностью феномена социального серфинга и его контекстуального влияния на становление гражданской субъектности на фоне релевантности данной стратегии в молодежной среде. Общая задача данной работы – анализ некоторых результатов форсайта становления гражданской субъектности молодежи в условиях социального серфинга.Цель – социально-философская оценка рисков и возможностей социального серфинга, в том числе для становления гражданской субъектности в России, на основании результатов форсайта. Методология форсайта, проведенного в 2018 г. в Екатеринбурге, представляет собой адаптацию «Быстрого форсайта» (Rapid Foresight). Результаты показали потенциал социального серфинга для становления гражданственности в сферах политики, образования, IT-технологий и личностного развития, который может быть реализован в случае работы с молодежью в логике децентрализации. Выводы соответствуют современным социально-философским концепциям (множественность, гетерархия, социальный интеллект, мобильность). Выявленные риски связаны с попытками централизовать молодежные активности, что приведет к росту формализма и отчуждению части молодежного контингента.

Abstract
This paper explores how social capital and property regulations shape cultural producers' ability to own copyrights for the products they create. Because individual producers lack the resources required to develop and distribute their creations, they partner with large firms who demand the copyrights for products they invest in. I argue two types of social capital—status and partner substitutability—enable producers to own their creations by increasing their bargaining power over the firms they partner with. Moreover, I propose that different types of property regulations condition whether status or partner substitutability have a stronger role in producers' ownership outcomes. Analyzing all shows made for American television from 1956 to 1996, I show that increases in showrunners' status and number of broadcasters they collaborated with increased the probability they owned shows they produced. However, the effects of these social capitals were contingent on the property regulations showrunners operated under. These findings advance our understanding of the allocation of copyrights, the power dynamics between creators and firms, and the effects of social capital in cultural industries.
They didn't have to pay me because I signed the contract. But is that right? I found out that these people were streaming my work, and they never had to ask me…They stole that from me. They just took it! (Dave Chappelle, The Unforgiven, 2021).

The study is devoted to the complex analysis of the actual problem of philosophical understanding of the economy culture in the context of transformation of the economy culture values into social institutions. The aim of the study is to substantiate the determinism of the process of transformation of values into social institutions (regulators) by objective economic interests of people. Taking into account the discussion of recent decades about the nature of the transformation under consideration, the author offers a comparative analysis of existing points of view on the nature and dynamics of the process. The article reveals the ambiguity of modern interpretations of the principle of rationalism, which is determined by the constant transformation of values in the conditions of instability of the market economy. The author reveals the nature and the main stages (phases) of the process of transformation of values into social institutions — norms of human behavior. The article defines the content of the three main phases of this process (generation, insight, exteriorization). The author formulates the idea of homeostasis of the value system, which is represen­ted by the ability of various complex systems to maintain their dynamic balance through self-regulation and the ability to maintain internal stability. The article compares the conceptual approaches to this idea contained in the works of L.N. Gumilyov, K. Marx, G. Wallas, E. Brooking and other authors. There are highlighted two initial archetypes of the economy culture (secular and religious); their nature, content and basic elements are revealed. The article identifies the positive historical experience of the philosophy of culture in the field of formation of the status rank of various values and their actualization within the secular and religious economy culture. The author indicates the prospects of the axiological approach to the further study of this problem, taking into account the growing instability, uncertainty and risks of the further socio-economic and socio-cultural development of society (the chaotization of social procedurality, the growing social opposition in the form of deviant and delinquent behavior, etc.).

The global market economy creates a number of threats to the world community, including in connection with human activities that negatively affect climate change, the state of nature, including flora and fauna, land and water resources, etc. This is also stated in the Report on Global Risks presented at the World Economic Forum in January 2020. In the modern domestic and foreign economic literature, the concepts of sustainable development are developed taking into account environmental constraints, both in theoretical and practical terms, which emphasize the preservation of natural balance, biodiversity, and the formation of an environmentally sustainable society. There are also diverse areas of research on nature management, but they usually focus on applied issues of nature research and the use of its benefits. The authors propose to systematically consider the development of society as anthropogenicoriented, involving three target areas: economic well-being, socio-political wellbeing and environmental well-being. But the implementation of these directions is possible, according to the authors, only under the condition of an adequate legal nature and society of the institutional environment and effective public and state control. The methodological basis of the theory of the formation of the ecologicalsocio-economic type of development is the synthesis of political economy and institutionalism. The empirical basis was the research experience of one of the authors (a Turkish citizen), who has been working for several years on the topic «The political economy of climate change and the environment in Turkey: sustainable development, privatization and energy policy». The article has a theoretical and methodological orientation, suggesting recommendations of a fundamental nature.

En este artículo intentaremos arrojar luz sobre alguno de los factores que condicionaron la producción de The Making of the English Working Class. A lo largo del primer apartado daremos algunas claves de la formación del habitus thompsoniano cuyos rasgos más característicos estaban ya presentes en el momento de escribir The Making. A continuación, presentaremos algunas características de la coyuntura en la que se escribe la obra, deteniéndonos especialmente en las urgencias políticas que contribuyen a explicarla y en el momento de la trayectoria thompsoniana en la que nuestro autor la concibió. En el tercer apartado reconstruiremos el campo de posibles tal y como era percibido por Thompson al encarar el problema de la clase social, tanto en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales como en el de la historiografía británica. Finalmente presentamos el enfoque que resulta de la conjunción de estos tres elementos y que orienta la producción de la obra. ; ABSTRACT This article will try to shed light on some of the factors that conditioned the production The Making of the Working Class. The first section will give some clues as to the formation of Thompson´s habitus whose most characteristic features were already present at the time of writing The Making. Second, we present some characteristics of the situation in which the work was written, especially in urgent political situation that help to explain it and in the time of the Thompson´s path in which our author conceived it. In the third section, the field of the possible is rebuilt as it was perceived by Thompson in order to address the problem of social class, both in the field of social sciences and in British historiography. Finally we present an approach that is the combination of these three elements and the guide of the production of the work.

[Abstract] This paper investigates the speeches of public civil servants responsible for the implementation of eight social programs on the local neighborhood, Altos de San Lorenzo, located in the city of La Plata, a province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This articles aims to identify the underlying logic and rationale according to the conditions of implementation of each intervention, placing special attention to those programs focused on employment. The conceptual frame includes a typology of social programs, drawn from two main ideas: nature or programmability of the tasks and the interaction that the intervention promotes between program officials and beneficiaries. In addition, taking the following types of rationale into consideration: technical, bureaucratic, political and user-oriented. The objective was to establish, according to a methodological analysis of speech, the degree of rationale to which the officials of each program has, identifying with special attention the perspectives and rationales placed on the selected labor programs. The main findings point to the idea that, even though important variations exist between the rationalities most used by type of program, it is worth highlighting the centrality of rationality political and useroriented. ; [Resumen] El artículo indaga en los discursos de los funcionarios públicos responsables de la ejecución de ocho programas sociales ejecutados en el espacio local -Altos de San Lorenzo ubicado en la ciudad de La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina-, a fin de identificar lógicas y racionalidades subyacentes según las condiciones de implementación de cada intervención, poniendo especial énfasis en aquellos programas enfocados en el empleo. El marco conceptual incluyó la utilización de una tipología de programas sociales, elaborada a partir de dos ejes: la naturaleza o programabilidad de la tarea y la interacción que la intervención promueve entre operadores y beneficiarios; además, consideró cuatro tipos de racionalidad: técnica, burocrática, política y orientada al destinatario. El objetivo fue establecer, a partir de una metodología de análisis del discurso, el grado de racionalidad del que dan cuenta los ejecutores de cada programa, identificando con especial atención las perspectivas y racionalidades puestas en juego en los programas laborales seleccionados. Las conclusiones principales señalan que, aunque existen variaciones importantes entre las racionalidades más influyentes según el tipo de programa, es destacable el lugar central y la preponderancia que ocupan la racionalidad política y la orientada al destinatario, las que se enfatizan aún más en los programas de empleo

Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas. Facultad de Filosofía. Doctorado Institucional en Filosofía ; The coexistence of the seven billion human beings who make up the contemporary society in the early twenty-first century is further distinguished by the available technological resources that promote inter distance and migration on a global level as never before, as well as the growing demand of satisfaction and access conditions for greater equity, which has resulted in a situation of such a level of complexity and relational conflicts, and that mechanisms exist for the care of public affairs institutions and to define priorities and construction agreements fail its mediating role. Such complexity and conflict lead to the assumption that there is a need to expand the public sphere and place it in the center of academic and political debate to advance the understanding of the problems posed by forms of human coexistence in the contemporary world, only in developing countries, such as Latin America, but also in developed Europe and the United States, where more and more conflicts and social demands that are not resolved and response are presented. This raises: How can settle for a public space that contributes to solving the problems of social life? A public space in which different social groups daily and interests are subject to a process of discussion and consensus building reasoned and reasoned manner. However, several questions arise in this regard. What conditions and / or skills, require individuals to participate in public space? And how to move towards a notion of public space in a global, multicultural perspective? ; La convivencia de los siete mil millones de seres humanos que conformamos la sociedad contemporánea de principios del siglo XXI se distingue, además, por la disposición de recursos tecnológicos que favorecen la interrelación a distancia y la migración a nivel global como nunca antes, así como por la creciente demanda de satisfactores y condiciones de acceso de mayor equidad, lo que ha derivado en una situación de tal nivel de complejidad y conflictividad relacional, que los mecanismos e instituciones existentes para la atención de los asuntos públicos, así como para la definición de prioridades y construcción de acuerdos, no logran su función mediadora. Tal complejidad y conflictividad llevan a suponer que existe la necesidad de expandir el ámbito del espacio público y de colocarlo en el centro del debate académico y político para avanzar en la comprensión de la problemática que entrañan las formas de convivencia humana en el mundo contemporáneo, no sólo en los países subdesarrollados, como los de América Latina, sino también en los desarrollados de Europa y en Estados Unidos, donde cada vez más se presentan conflictos y demandas sociales que no encuentran solución y respuesta. Esto lleva a plantear: ¿De qué manera puede conformarse un espacio público que contribuya a la resolución de los problemas derivados de la convivencia social? Un espacio público en el que cotidianamente los diversos grupos sociales e intereses sean sometidos a un proceso de debate y construcción de consensos de manera razonada y argumentada. Sin embargo, diversas interrogantes se abren al respecto. ¿Qué condiciones, y/o habilidades, requieren los individuos para poder participar en el espacio público? Y ¿Cómo avanzar hacia una noción de espacio público, en una perspectiva global, multicultural?

In Lukács' early Marxist thought in the 1920s, crisis is understood as an expression of a deeper dissonance of social life that reveals the violence inflicted upon humans even in "normal" social conditions. The experience of crisis can thus lead to new forms of social consciousness and, consequently, to a "revolutionizing praxis." However, this transition is in no way mechanically necessary, as crisis can also be perpetuated and temporarily "overcome" through the restoration of dominant power relations. However, the relative instability of the system during a crisis calls us to think about the appropriate forms of organizing collective political practice to effectively intervene in the historical continuum, instead of letting historical automatism be restored.