Suchergebnisse

On Tanzanian leadership and the end of the union of Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania

The Maltese-English parallel corpus MaCoCu-mt-en 1.0 was built by crawling the ".mt" internet top-level domain in 2021, extending the crawl dynamically to other domains as well. All the crawling process was carried out by the MaCoCu crawler (https://github.com/macocu/MaCoCu-crawler). Websites containing documents in both target languages were identified and processed using the tool Bitextor (https://github.com/bitextor/bitextor). Considerable efforts were devoted into cleaning the extracted text to provide a high-quality parallel corpus. This was achieved by removing boilerplate and near-duplicated paragraphs and documents that are not in one of the targeted languages. Document and segment alignment as implemented in Bitextor were carried out, and BicleanerAI (https://github.com/bitextor/bicleaner-ai) and Bifixer (https://github.com/bitextor/bifixer) were used for fixing, cleaning, and deduplicating the final version of the corpus. While the TXT format consists solely of pairs of source and target segments (one or several sentences), each segment pair in the TMX format is accompanied by the following metadata: - source and target document URL; - quality score as provided by the tool BicleanerAI; - translation direction identification: the source segment in each segment pair was identified by using a probabilistic model; - personal information identification ("biroamer-entities"): segments containing personal information are flagged, so final users of the corpus can decide whether to use these segments; - language variants: the language variant of English (British or American) was identified for every segment pair on document and domain level. Notice and take down: Should you consider that our data contains material that is owned by you and should therefore not be reproduced here, please: (1) Clearly identify yourself, with detailed contact data such as an address, telephone number or email address at which you can be contacted. (2) Clearly identify the copyrighted work claimed to be infringed. (3) Clearly identify the material that is claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient in order to allow us to locate the material. (4) Please write to the contact person for this resource whose email is available in the full item record. We will comply with legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus. This action has received funding from the European Union's Connecting Europe Facility 2014-2020 - CEF Telecom, under Grant Agreement No. INEA/CEF/ICT/A2020/2278341. This communication reflects only the author's view. The Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

The 1988 Rural Literacy Survey was the third literacy survey to be carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The first one was undertaken 1976 while the second followed in 1980/81. The objectives of these surveys were to establish literacy levels in the country, to provide data for monitoring the impact and evaluation of efforts to eradicate illiteracy and to provide data at the district level for planning purposes. Results on literacy levels in English, Kiswahili and mother tongue are provided in the report. Data on adult education and reading habits of the rural population are also presented

Theatre for Development (TfD) is a process whereby the community uses theatre, especially African traditional theatre forms, to address their development issues. In Tanzania, TfD came as a result of many factors; poor communication approaches used by the state in addressing development in the late 1970s, the economic crisis of the 1970s, the implementation of IMF and World Bank pressure to adopt Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) among others. Liberal policies imposed mostly from Euro-America proposed non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to replace the state in addressing development, as they were perceived to be more democratic and less authoritative. Most of the supported activities of NGOs became those linked to development or that are in the position to bring about development in the fields of health, sanitation, education, gender, and democracy. Therefore, even theatre that was supported by donors was linked to or addressed 'development'. In most cases, funding institutions have their own objectives, missions, and goals to fulfil. This paper tries to question the role of TfD in present Tanzania. It argues that, since most of the TfD projects have been funded by foreign donors and communities have no economic control of their own development concerns, it is clear that TfD is playing a double deal, community empowerment on the one hand and disempowerment on the other.

On the Tanzanian legal system, human rights, civil procedure, and other legal issues

1. Taarifa na Mapenddekezo ya Tume Kuhusu Mfumo wa Siasa Nchini Tanzania (Engl.: Report and recommendations of the commission on the political system in Tanzania). - 1992. - VIII,165,V S.; 2. Majedwali ya Matokeo ya Uratibu wa Maoni ya Wananchi (Engl.: Tables and statistics on the outcome of the process of opinion collection from the people). - 1992. - VII,125,XII S. : zahlr. Tab.; 3. Baadhi ya Sheria Zinazohitaji Kufutwa au Kufanyiwa Marekebisho (Engl.: Some laws which need to be repealed or rectified). - 1992.- V,103 S