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Green IT is a term that refers to the collective strategic and tactical practices that unswervingly condense the carbon footprint to a diminished proportion in an establishment's computing procedures. This concept has been tightly knit with IT related organizations; hence it has been precluded to be applied within non-IT organizations in Sri Lanka. With the turn of the century, computing technologies have taken over commonplace activities in every nook and corner in Sri Lanka, which is still on the verge of moving forth in its march towards being a developed country. Hence, it needs to be recursively proven that non-IT industries are well-bound to adhere to 'Green IT' practices as well, in order to reduce their carbon footprint and move towards considering the practicality of implementing Green-IT practices within their work-arounds. There are several spheres that need to be taken into account in creating awareness of 'Green IT', such as the economic breach, technologies available, legislative bounds, community mind-set and many more. This paper tends to reconnoiter causes that currently restrain non-IT organizations from considering Green IT concepts. By doing so, it is expected to prove the beneficial providence gained by implementing this concept within the organization. The ultimate goal is to propose feasible 'Green IT' practices that could be implemented within the context of Sri Lankan non-IT sectors in order to ensure that organization's sustainable growth towards a long term existence.

This report contains a summary of the international deep sea mining expert workshop "A benefit sharing mechanism appropriate for the Common Heritage of Mankind". The overall objective was to stimulate debate on the Common Heritage of Mankind and its benefit sharing element by discussing first ideas how the benefit sharing required by Article 140 paragraph 2 UNCLOS could be appropriately conceptualized in order to meet with the spirit and the requirements of the Common Heritage of Mankind principle. The participants discussed the legal framework of the common heritage of mankind, in particular its benefit sharing provision and the option of a full economic assessment of deep seabed mining operations.

The Millennium Development Goals adopted at the UN Millennium Summit in 2000 are the world's targets for dramatically reducing extreme poverty in its many dimensions by 2015-income poverty hunger disease exclusion lack of infrastructure and shelter-while promoting gender equality education health and environmental sustainability. These bold goals can be met in all parts of the world if nations follow through on their commitments to work together to meet them. Achieving the Millennium Development Goals offers the prospect of a more secure just and prosperous world for all. The UN Millennium Pro

peer-reviewed ; Policy reform of the CAP and society's expectations of agriculture have resulted in a growing need for improved information on the effectiveness of policy in achieving high-level objectives for more sustainable practice in agriculture. This is a high priority given its importance for consumers, public policy and private industry. Data collection programmes will need to adapt their scope if their information is to adequately address new information needs about high-level objectives. Assessment of sustainability at the farm level is hindered by the lack of data with which to derive appropriate, meaningful, and relevant indicators. This is particularly problematic for assessment of agricultural sustainability across the European Union (EU). Various databases exist at the EU scale regarding agricultural data sources and we identify one of these, the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), as having considerable potential to assess farm-level sustainability at EU level. We critique several examples of published work that has attempted to assess agricultural sustainability using: FADN data alone; FADN data in combination with data from supplementary surveys, and; FADN data in combination with data from other EU databases. We conclude that the FADN would need to broaden its scope of data collection if it is to address the new information needs of policy, and we discuss the challenges in expanding FADN with a view towards wider farm-level assessment of sustainability. These include careful selection of indicators based on various criteria, the representativeness of the FADN, and the need to include new themes to address environmental, social, and animal welfare effects of policy. ; This work was partly funded by the FLINT project under the EU Seventh Framework Programme grant number 613800.

The transport sector's economic sustainability is an important factor in economic development, trade, quality, and safe transportation of goods and passengers, and regional and international integration. The tools of the transport sector's strategic management should be based on assessing its current economic stability. Applying statistical and regression analysis of Ukraine and Poland's transport sector, an approach to assessing the level of economic stability is formulated based on a system of integrated indicators of elementary, general, and specific stability. The integrated indicator of elementary economic stability considers the dynamics of the number of economic entities in the industry and their profitability. In Ukraine in 2018, this figure is –0.042, in Poland – 3.37. The integrated indicator of overall economic stability considers the number of employees in the industry, the gross domestic product created by enterprises in the industry, and the number of enterprises. In Ukraine, it is equal to –0.049, in Poland – 3.71. The integrated indicator of the transport sector's specific economic stability takes into account the volume of passengers, freight, and cargo handling, and in Ukraine, it is –0.040, in Poland – 3.38.

AbstractWhy are organizations and markets slow to transform toward sustainability despite the abundant well‐recognized opportunities it provides? An important subset of the phenomena this question addresses involves decision‐makers recognizing the existence of opportunities but failing to undertake ambitious, effective, sufficient, or timely action. Building on existing research on capability traps, market formation, and managing sustainability, we focus on the forces constraining organizations from developing the capabilities and market infrastructures required for sustainability transformations. We characterize types of sustainability initiatives and, using causal loop diagramming, visualize structures that enable and constrain how organizations can navigate individually and collectively worse‐before‐better dynamics resulting from uncertain, nonlinear, and delayed returns. Being under day‐to‐day pressures and deeply intertwined within their environment, organizational actors find it difficult to recognize, undertake, maintain, and coordinate necessary efforts internally and externally. We discuss research implications and directions for future research on avoiding these traps and accelerating sustainability transformations. © 2023 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.

In microfinance industry, sustainability is one of the crucial issues attracted the attention of many researchers. This is because it is widely believed that without being sustainable, microfinance institutions can not achieve their objective of reducing poverty. However, some microfinance institutions give little attention to sustainability. They depend on subsidy from government and donor organizations. They also concentrate on providing credit services and ignore saving services which result in lack of reliable source of loan funds. These problems were the major motivations for undertaking this research. This paper attempts to study sustainability of microfinance institutions in Ethiopia taking Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company as case study. For this study both primary and secondary data were used. The data gathered were analyzed by using ratios and percentages. The results indicate that the institution, like other microfinance institutions (MFIs) partly depend on subsidies for the loans it provides. With regard to financial sustainability, it is in good condition. The outreach is increasing in terms of number of clients. The overall efficiency of the institution is improving. However, its performance is weak on areas such as saving mobilization, women participation, and loan officer productivity

ANOTĀCIJA Attīstības plānošanas dokumenti, investīcijas, attīstības rādītāji un pārvaldības prakse tika novērtēta sešās Latvijas republikas pilsētās (Rīga, Daugavpils, Liepāja, Jūrmala, Ventspils un Rēzekne), lai noteiktu to atbilstību ilgtspējīgas attīstības kritērijiem – spēju veicināt ilgtspējīgu attīstību. Attīstības plānošanas dokumentu vides, ekonomikas un sociālās dimensijas ilgtspējības analīzei izstrādātās vērtēšanas metodikas pamatā ir plānošanas vadības cikls un Olborgas ilgtspējīgas attīstības kritēriji. Pilsētu attīstības politikas analīzē tika vērtēta attīstības plānošanas dokumentu mērķu un rīcību atbilstība Olborgas ilgtspējības kritērijiem. Pilsētu attīstības politikas ieviešanas analīzē tika novērtēta veikto un plānoto investīciju atbilstība Olborgas ilgtspējības kritērijiem. Attīstības politikas ietekmes analīzē, pirmkārt, tika novērtēti pilsētas attīstības rādītāju esamība un piemērotība Olborgas kritēriju izpildes monitoringam. Otrkārt, tiem Olborgas kritērijiem, kuriem bija atbilstoši vai daļēji atbilstoši rādītāji, tika raksturotas attīstības tendences. Attīstības plānošanas dokumentu analīze liecina, ka kopumā tajos definētie mērķi un rīcības vāji atbilst ilgtspējības kritērijiem. Pilsētu investīciju novērtējums liecina, ka vairumā gadījumu puse kopējo investīciju atbilst ilgtspējības kritērijiem. Pilsētu investīciju projekti, īpaši tie, kas neatbilst ilgtspējībai, ir vairāk saistīti ar ceļu infrastruktūru un infrastruktūru dzīves vides kvalitātes uzlabošanai, nevis ar ekonomikas attīstībai labvēlīgas vides radīšanu. Pētītajās pilsētās pielietotie attīstības rādītāji tikai daļēji ļauj veikt ilgtspējības monitoringu, jo trūkst rādītāju un/vai datu. Pilsētās izmantotie attīstības programmas uzraudzības sistēmas rādītāji ir mazefektīvi attīstības programmas monitoringam, jo nereti nepastāv tieša sasaiste starp definētajiem rādītājiem un attīstības mērķiem. Pārvaldības prakses analīze uzrāda: pētītajās pilsētās ilgtspējīgas attīstības plānošana, ieviešana un monitorings netiek veikts sistemātiski un koordinēti. ; ANOTATION An assessment of the sustainability of urban development policies, investments and development indicators was undertaken in six national level case study cities in Latvia (Riga, Daugavpils, Liepaja, Jurmala, Ventspils and Rezekne). At the basis of the methodology is an integrated assessment of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability within the full planning cycle using the Aalborg Commitments sustainability criteria. Governance practice in the context of sustainability in the case cities was analysed through interviews with municipal planners and decision-makers. Urban development policies were analysed through an assessment of objectives and measures defined in development planning documents using the Aalborg Commitments sustainability criteria. Implementation of development policies involved an assessment of actual and planned investments against the Aalborg Commitments criteria. An assessment of the impact of development policies was undertaken in two stages. Firstly, the availability and appropriateness of existing development indicators in case cities was assessed. Secondly, development trends were assessed for those Aalborg Commitments criteria that had appropriate or partially appropriate monitoring indicators. The assessment of development planning documents revealed that objectives and measures defined therein are weakly coherent with the Aalborg sustainability criteria. The assessment of investment plans indicated that only approximately half of the investment projects are coherent with sustainability criteria. In the case study cities investment projects, particularly those that are not coherent with the Aalborg sustainability criteria are predominantly associated with road infrastructure, urban public space infrastructure rather than investments more directly related to priority economic and social issues confronting cities in Latvia such as unemployment, job creation, out-migration, demographic decline, poverty etc. The development indicators used in the case study cities are only partly capable of monitoring urban sustainability because appropriate indicators and/ or data are lacking. Indicators used by cities to monitor the implementation of development programmes are frequently ineffective since a direct relationship does not exist between indicators and defined development objectives. The assessment of governance practice shows that in the case cities sustainability planning, implementation and monitoring does not take place in a systematic and coordinated manner.

Purpose
Supply chains are under increased scrutiny as consumers have become aware of the dark side of downstream production practices. Many articles and exposés have led consumers to be more conscious of purchasing products from companies who source materials in a socially responsible and ethical manner. As a result, business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumers (B2C) companies are under increased pressure to source raw materials in a transparent and ethical way. Because of the associated costs, companies then look to benefit from increased brand equity by promoting to consumers how ethical their products are. The purpose of this study is to look at the case of the food industry to analyze sustainability messaging on Twitter in both B2B and B2C companies to determine which of the dimensions of sustainability (people, profit, planet) are being emphasized.


Design/methodology/approach
In this study, two published dictionaries were combined to capture the three dimensions of "sustainability," and these scales were then used to analyze Twitter posts. This study created a unique software package to classify, mine, collect and analyze Twitter data. This study used these tools to analyze 246,386 Twitter posts within a sample of 39 leading B2C and B2B food companies over a 10-year period (2012–2021) to explore brand messaging and engagement rate.


Findings
This research revealed several interesting results. These include how B2B companies have emphasized the employee (people) dimensions of sustainability, while B2C companies have had a more balanced approach that overall has prioritized the economic dimension (profit) of sustainability. The data on audience engagement revealed a mismatch between the types of sustainability messaging B2B companies and B2C companies in the food industry are posting and what engages audiences.


Originality/value
This study fills several gaps, including analyzing how B2B and B2C companies use sustainability language in their social media brand management, as well as looking at which dimensions of sustainability they emphasize and which ones engage audiences the most. This research is also novel in combining multiple existing scales under one project to analyze the triple bottom line in the analysis of qualitative texts.