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In this dissertation, we focus on tax morale, social norms and reputational concerns. The contribution to the existing literature is threefold. First, we provide an updated review of the literature on tax compliance, examining separately the reasons that relate to pecuniary and nonpecuniary motivations. Moreover, we review a new strand of literature, which has investigated the role of social networks and communication on tax compliance. Second, we consider the possibility that being a member of a formal group increases individual's tax morale, focusing on membership in voluntary and/or volunteering organisations. Based on data provided by European Value Survey 2017, we use an ordered probit model to account for the ranking information of the scaled depend variable (tax morale). According to our estimates, group membership is, in general, not correlated with tax morale because of the heterogeneous effects that each group membership exerts on it. However, our findings suggest that memberships of a certain group are significantly correlated with a lower level of individual's willingness to pay taxes. Finally, we present an agent-based dynamic model of tax compliance in which taxpayers, who live and interact in a network, decide whether to pay or to evade taxes by considering the expected economic net benefit, the subjective cost (tax morale), and reputation cost (honour and social stigma) of tax evasion. We simulate the model for different values of the parameters and show that the steady-state share of taxpayers is affected by the probability of finding like-minded peers in the reference group, the weight that individuals attribute to reputation, and the share of individuals who update their tax morale. We also present a variation of the previous agent-based model to focus on the role of the reputational costs. We consider two income-groups whose monetary incentive for tax evasion differ. Our results suggest that in an integrated society, in which individuals interact with all the neighbours, no matter their income, all individuals either evade or pay their taxes. By contrast, a segregated society, in which individuals interact only with neighbours who have the same income, generates obstacles to the diffusion process of information around the network and, as a result, tax evasion and tax compliance might coexist. In both models, we perform simulations to consider the possibility for a fiscal authority to increase tax compliance using the knowledge of the network structure to implement moral or reputational policies. Our numerical simulations show that behavioural strategies could be an effective complement to more traditional policies.

"This book uncovers the processes at play in the development of cultural policies, projects and networks in spaces at the edge of their countries, marked by their proximity with a borderline. On a subject which is studied mainly in North America and Western Europe and based on individual case studies, its originality lies in offering a comparative view on the subject, as well as in comparing a European case - the France-Germany borderlands - to a South American case - the Brazil-Uruguay borderlands. Through a multi-sited ethnographic study, it develops an analysis of the formal and informal processes and networks which sustain this cultural action, looking at the relative contribution of processes led by institutions, cultural agents and the civil society. Providing theoretical tools for the analysis of the way cultural ecosystems function in borderlands, this book is valuable reading for scholars of cultural policy, geography and arts management"--

Since the early 2000s, Turkey has shown an unprecedented interest in its diaspora. This book provides the first in-depth examination of the institutionalisation of Turkey's diaspora engagement policy since the Justice and Development Party's rise to power in 2002, the Turkish diaspora's new role as an agent of diplomatic goals, and how Turkey's growing sphere of influence affects intra-diaspora politics and diplomatic relations with Europe. The book is based on fieldwork in Turkey, France and Germany, and interviews conducted with diaspora organisation leaders and policymakers. Diasporas have become transformative for relations at the state-to-state level and blur the division between the domestic and the foreign. A case study of Turkey's diasporas is significant at a time when emigrants from Turkey form the largest Muslim community in Europe and when issues of diplomacy, migration and citizenship have become more salient than ever.

This open access book brings together a collection of cutting-edge insights into how action can and is already being taken against climate change at multiple levels of our societies, amidst growing calls for transformative and inclusive climate action. In an era of increasing recognition regarding climate and ecological breakdown, this book offers hope, inspiration and analyses for multi-level climate action, spanning varied communities, places, spaces, agents and disciplines, demonstrating how the energy and dynamism of local scales are a powerful resource in turning the tide. Interconnected yet conceptually distinct, the book's three sections span multiple levels of analysis, interrogating diverse perspectives and practices inherent to the vivid tapestry of climate action emerging locally, nationally and internationally. Delivered in collaboration with the UK's 'Place-Based Climate Action Network', chapters are drawn from a wide range of authors with varying backgrounds spread across academia, policy and practice.

"Insurgent Empire shows how Britain's enslaved and colonial subjects were active agents in their own liberation. Not only that, they shaped British ideas of freedom and emancipation back in the United Kingdom. Priyamvada Gopal examines dissenting politics in Britain and shows that it was influenced by rebellions and resistance among the colonies in the West Indies, East Africa, Egypt, and India. In addition, a pivotal role in fomenting resistance was played by anticolonial campaigners based in London, right at the heart of empire. Much has been written on how colonized peoples took up British and European ideas and turned them against empire when making claims to freedom and self-determination. Insurgent Empire sets the record straight in demonstrating that these people were much more than victims of imperialism or, subsequently, the passive beneficiaries of an enlightened Western conscience - they were insurgents whose legacy today benefits the culture of the nation that once oppressed them"--

The history of the South China Sea is a catalyst of international cooperation and conflict. Security in the Indo-Asia-Pacific is largely governed by command of these strategic waters. More than half of global shipping transits the South China Sea, which also holds significant reserves of oil, gas and minerals as well as some of the largest fisheries in the world. Drawing on a team of field-leading researchers, Jenner and Thuy provide an empirical study of the global ocean's most contested sea space. The volume's four parts offer an insightful analysis of the significance of the South China Sea to the international order; sub-national agents of influence on relations between states; the disputes over sovereignty through the analytical prism of international law; and the conflictful region's prospects. The primary source-based conclusion elucidates the agency of history and strategy in the South China Sea

"Based on first-hand diplomatic, political and journalistic sources, most unpublished, Mexico and the Spanish Civil War investigates the backing of the Second Republic by Mexico during the Spanish Civil War. Significant military, material and financial aid was given by the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940) to the Republic, which involved not only direct sales of arms, but also smuggling operations covertly undertaken by Mexican diplomatic agents in order to circumvent the embargo imposed by the London Committee of Non Intervention. This path-breaking account reveals the operations in Spain of Mexican workers, soldiers, artists and intellectuals--such as later Nobel Laureate Octavio Paz and the Muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros--as volunteers and propagandists for the Republican cause. Engagement with the Spanish Civil War also had a profound impact upon Mexico's domestic politics as support for the Republic was equated by Cárdenas with his own revolutionary project"--Provided by publisher

Based on a survey of women workers in Kolkata's IT sector, this book argues that growth of the IT sector has created a demand for skilled professionals. This has provided scope for highly educated urban women to create a space of self-expression and enjoy enhanced status and prestige within their families. These women workers carefully plan their career and daily activities, keeping in mind the need to balance diverse and conflicting needs of work and home. This kind of decision-making occurs outside the utilitarian framework and is better framed in terms of Herbert Simon's 'satisficing' approach, which takes into account the bounded rationality of agents. Written in lucid, non-technical language, the book will be an invaluable addition to existing works on gender and labour studies, and will be of interest to social scientists undertaking research on gender, labour and the IT sector

Based on a survey of women workers in Kolkatas IT sector, this book argues that growth of the IT sector has created a demand for skilled professionals. This has provided scope for highly educated urban women to create a space of self-expression and enjoy enhanced status and prestige within their families. These women workers carefully plan their career and daily activities, keeping in mind the need to balance diverse and conflicting needs of work and home. This kind of decision-making occurs outside the utilitarian framework and is better framed in terms of Herbert Simons satisficing approach, which takes into account the bounded rationality of agents. Written in lucid, non-technical language, the book will be an invaluable addition to existing works on gender and labour studies, and will be of interest to social scientists undertaking research on gender, labour and the IT sector.

This book explores conditions under which non-state armed groups (NSAGs) participate in post-war security and political governance. It offers a comprehensive approach to post-war security transition processes based on five years of participatory research with local experts and representatives of former non-state armed groups. It analyzes successes and limits of peace negotiations, demobilization, arms management, political or security sector integration, socio-economic reintegration and state reform from the direct point of view of conflict stakeholders who have been central participants in ongoing and past peacebuilding processes. Challenging common perceptions of ex-combatants as "spoilers" or "passive recipients of aid", the contributors examine post-war transitions of these individuals from state challengers to peacebuilding agents. The book concludes on a cross-country comparative analysis of main research findings and ways in which they may facilitate a participatory, inclusive and gender-sensitive peacebuilding strategy.

Important aspects of social networking analysis are covered in this work by combining experimental and theoretical research. A specific focus is devoted to emerging trends and the industry needs associated with utilizing data mining techniques. Some of the techniques covered include data mining advances in the discovery and analysis of communities, in the personalization of solitary activities (like searches) and social activities (like discovering potential friends), in the analysis of user behavior in open fora (like conventional sites, blogs and fora) and in commercial platforms (like e-auctions), and in the associated security and privacy-preservation challenges, as well as social network modeling, scalable, customizable social network infrastructure construction, and the identification and discovery of dynamic growth and evolution patterns using machine learning approaches or multi-agent based simulation. These topics will be of interest to practitioners and researchers alike in this dynamic and growing field.

Driven by counter-terrorism efforts, marketing analysis and an explosion in online social networking in recent years, data mining has moved to the forefront of information science. This proposed Special Issue on Data Mining for Social Network Data will present a broad range of recent studies in social networking analysis. It will focus on emerging trends and needs in discovery and analysis of communities, solitary and social activities, activities in open for a and commercial sites as well. It will also look at network modeling, infrastructure construction, dynamic growth and evolution pattern discovery using machine learning approaches and multi-agent based simulations. Editors are three rising stars in world of data mining, knowledge discovery, social network analysis, and information infrastructures, and are anchored by Springer author/editor Hsinchun Chen (Terrorism Informatics, Medical Informatics, Digital Government), who is one of the most prominent intelligence analysis and data mining experts in the world.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. What is refreshing about Beyond Control is the vision for the kind of society in which protestors and police recognize their mutual humanity as well as how both are needed for a democratic society to function well. ' From the Foreword by Archbishop Desmond Tutu How can large protest crowds be better and more respectfully managed by police? This topical book applies the principles of community-based conflict resolution to the policing of large crowds, suggesting a completely new approach that moves away from the discourse of rabble-rousing mobs towards negotiated management, and a paradigm of mutual respect for protesters as principled dissenters and for police as non-repressive agents of public order. Both are needed, the authors argue, in order for democracy to flourish.

At the end of World War II, an estimated 30,000 Nazi war criminals fled from justice, including some of the highest ranking members of the Nazi Party. In this exhaustively researched work of history and investigative reporting, journalist Guy Walters gives a comprehensive account of how the most notorious Nazi war criminals escaped justice, how they were pursued, captured or able to remain free until their natural deaths, and how they were assisted on the run by "helpers" ranging from a Vatican bishop to a British camel doctor, and even members of Western intelligence services. Based on all new interviews with Nazi hunters and former Nazis and intelligence agents, travels along the actual escape routes, and archival research in Germany, Britain, the United States, Austria, and Italy, this book authoritatively debunks much of what has previously been understood about Nazis and Nazi hunters in the postwar era.--From publisher description

In Wealth into Power, Bruce Dickson challenges the notion that economic development is leading to political change in China, or that China's private entrepreneurs are helping to promote democratization. Instead, they have become partners with the ruling Chinese Communist Party to promote economic growth while maintaining the political status quo. Dickson's research illuminates the Communist Party's strategy for incorporating China's capitalists into the political system and how the shared interests, personal ties, and common views of the party and the private sector are creating a form of 'crony communism'. Rather than being potential agents of change, China's entrepreneurs may prove to be a key source of support for the party's agenda. Based on years of research and original survey data, this book will be of interest to all those interested in China's political future and in the relationship between economic wealth and political power