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When international courts are given sweeping powers, why would they ever refuse to use them? The book explains how and when courts employ strategies for institutional survival and resilience: forbearance and audacity, which help them adjust their sovereignty costs to pre-empt and mitigate backlash and political pushback. By systematically analysing almost 2,300 judgements from the European Court of Human Rights from 1967-2016, Ezgi Yildiz traces how these strategies shaped the norm against torture and inhumane or degrading treatment. With expert interviews and a nuanced combination of social science and legal methods, Yildiz innovatively demonstrates what the norm entails, and when and how its contents changed over time. Exploring issues central to public international law and international relations, this interdisciplinary study makes a timely intervention in the debate on international courts, international norms, and legal change. This book is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- Series editor's preface -- Acknowledgements -- Table of abbreviations -- Introduction: The asylum journey en route to Canada via Turkey -- The use of concepts -- Asylum as an assembled journey -- What is an asylum journey? -- Methodology -- Choosing the cases: Turkey and Canada -- Conducting interviews and access to data -- Ethical issues and problems in the field -- Structure of the book -- Notes -- 1. The asylum journey and the governance of transnational refugee mobility -- The general image of the refugee in migration studies -- Transnationalism and refugee mobility -- The autonomy of migration in refugee journeys -- Asylum journeys and the 'journey as method' approach -- Concepts and theoretical toolkit -- Strategies and tactics during the asylum journey -- The three phases of the asylum journey -- The transnational governance of the asylum journey -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 2. Asylum and resettlement policies as an 'abstract model' for the asylum journey -- The UNHCR's formation and role in defining refugees -- Turkey's asylum governance and geographical limitation -- Canada's refugee resettlement programme and selective inclusion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 3. The separation phase of the asylum journey -- Asylum seeking as tactic -- 'Ben Turkce bilmiyor': Pre-travel preparation -- Vehicle matters: transportational momentum -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 4. Practicing liminal space in the 'journey of hope' -- Arrival and liminality in Turkey -- Metamorphosis and seeking asylum as a tactic -- Stasis within mobility: mobistasis in the satellite city -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 5. The journey of hope and the incorporation phase of the asylum journey -- The UNHCR as the 'legal' transnational travel agency.

"Isaiah Berlin made a now classic distinction between negative and positive conceptions of freedom. In this book Yildiz Silier introduces a fresh way of looking at these conceptions and presents a new defence of the positive conception of freedom. Revealing how the internal debate between various versions of negative freedom give rise to hybrid conceptions of freedom which in turn are superseded by various versions of the positive conception of freedom, Silier concludes that Marx's concrete historical account of positive freedom resolves many of the key debates in this area and provides a fruitful framework to evaluate the freedoms and unfreedoms that are specific to capitalism. This book examines the thought of the paradigm thinkers in this debate, F.A. Hayek on negative freedom and T.H. Green on positive freedom and then ranges over the contributions to this debate made by both classical thinkers such as Kant, Hegel, and Marx, and those involved in contemporary debates on communitarianism, capitalism and self-determination, such as C. Taylor, D. Miller, F. Oppenheim and C.B. Macpherson."--Provided by publisher.

Frontmatter -- Inhalt -- I. Theoretischer Teil -- Einleitung -- 1. Umgang mit Jugendlichen der zweiten und dritten Generation -- 2. Jugendliche im Abseits: Wir und die Anderen -- 3. Jugendliche in marginalisierten Quartieren entwickeln neue Perspektiven -- II. Empirischer Teil -- 4. Forschungsdesign: Methodologische und methodische Implikationen -- 5. Diskurse über Stadt, Migration und marginalisierte Quartiere -- 6. Über die Alltagspraxis in Chorweiler -- 7. Ausblick -- Literatur -- Backmatter

pt. 1. Global power in world historical context : citizenship and the state -- pt. 2. Global authority : finance, health, and food -- pt. 3. Reconfiguring states and the economy : the fragile diversity of neoliberalism -- pt. 4. Paradoxes of citizenship : the recomposition of social solidarity networks.