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"Wealth exists only for the benefit of mankind. It cannot be measured adequately in yards or in tons, nor as equivalent as so many ounces of gold; its true measure lies only in the contribution it makes to human well-being. Now, when bricks and sand and lime and wood are built up into a house, they constitute a greater aggregate of wealth than they did before; even though their aggregate volume is the same as before; and, if the house is overthrown by an earthquake, there is indeed no destruction of matter; but there is a real destruction of wealth, because the matter is distributed in a manner less conducive to human well-being. Similarly, when wealth is very unevenly distributed, some have more of it than they can turn to any very great account in promoting their own well-being; while many others lack the material conditions of a healthy, clean, vigorous and effective family life. That is to say the wealth is distributed in a manner less conducive to the well-being of mankind than it would be if the rich were somewhat less rich, and the poor were somewhat less poor; and real wealth would be greatly increased, even though there were no change in the aggregate of bricks and houses and clothes and other material things, if only it were possible to effect that change without danger to freedom and to social order"--

Global Race War explores the racial foundations of global politics from the Haitian Revolution to the present. Alexander D. Barder traces the emergence of this global racial hierarchy from the early 19th century to the present to explain how a historical racial global order unraveled over the first half of the 20th century, continued during the Cold War, and reemerged during the Global War on Terror. As Barder shows, imperial, racial, and geopolitical orders intersected over time in ways that violently tore apart the imperial and sovereign state system and continue to haunt politics today.

This book explores the reverberating impacts between historical and contemporary imperial laboratories and their metropoles through three case studies concerning violence, surveillance and political economy.The invasions of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 forced the United States to experiment and innovate in considerable ways. Faced with growing insurgencies that called into question its entire mission, the occupation authorities engaged in a series of tactical and technological innovations that changed the way it combated insurgents and managed local populations. The book presents new m

This book explores the reverberating impacts between historical and contemporary imperial laboratories and their metropoles through three case studies concerning violence, surveillance and political economy. The invasions of Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 forced the United States to experiment and innovate in considerable ways. Faced with growing insurgencies that called into question its entire mission, the occupation authorities engaged in a series of tactical and technological innovations that changed the way it combated insurgents and managed local populations. The book presents new m.

Dem Buch liegen Vorlesungen über die Theorie zufälliger Prozesse zugrunde, die vom Autor im Jahre 1969 für Studenten des III. und IV. Kurses der Mechanisch­ Mathematischen Fakultät an der Moskauer Staatlichen Universität gehalten worden sind. Diese Lektionen wurden als Rotaprints herausgegeben (A. D. WENTZELL, Zu­ fällige Prozesse (Vorlesungen für Studenten des III. Kurses), Moskau 1969; Zufällige Prozesse (Vorlesungen für Studenten des IV. Kurses), Moskau 1970) und danach bedeutend überarbeitet. Das Interesse am Studium der Theorie zufälliger Prozesse ist weit verbreitet, und offensichtlich bedarf es hier keiner Erläuterung, welche Bedeutung dieses Gebiet der "Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie hat und wie viele Anwendungen es besitzt. Der Autor sieht sein Ziel nicht darin, die Sätze in einer möglichst vollendeten Form zu formulieren und zu beweisen, sondern den Leser mit dem Wesen der benutzten Methoden an - nach Möglichkeit - einfachem Material vertraut zu machen. Im Zusammenhang damit enthält das Buch nicht sehr viele bedeutende Sätze, aber eine ganze Reihe kleinerer Aussagen (einen Teil hiervon in Form von Aufgaben). Obgleich zwischen den Sätzen und Aussagen keine vollkommen scharfe Grenze besteht, hält der Autor die Benutzung des Begriffes der Aussage für prinzipiell wichtig. Wer irgend­ ein Gebiet der Mathematik beherrschen will, muß sich eine große Zahl solcher Aus­ sagen überlegen; von ihnen sind 60% leicht zu beweisen, 30% erweisen sich als un­ richtig und leicht zu widerlegen, aber sich die verbleibenden 10% klarzumachen, ist schwieriger - aus ihnen kann man dann auch echte Sätze erhalten.

The work examines some issues of the Philosophy of Law (in particular criminal), especially those raised in the article: I. M. Ragimov, A. N. Savenkov, Kh. J. Alikperov "Etiology of individual criminal behavior: looking at the problem from a different angle". The author defines the criteria for being scientific, advocates for the widest possible use of an interdisciplinary approach in the research process, highly appreciates the provisions and conclusions contained in this article, and calls on the scientific community for their further discussion. At the same time, he expresses doubts about the validity of the thesis about the inevitability of lifetime retribution for the atrocities committed.