O ataque da Al-Qaida a vestefalia (ou Bin Laden contra Richelieu)
In: Relações internacionais: R:I, Heft 18, S. 53-69
ISSN: 1645-9199
Radical pan-Islamism is a serious threat to universal secularism, the central norm of international order since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. International secularism rests on two principles: firstly, the organization of religion within states is subject to their sovereignty & not to supranational or transnational revolutionary movements, & secondly, religion must not determine the foreign policies & the alliances of the state. The resurgence of pan-Islamic radicalism since September 11, 2001 as a central issue in world politics challenges both principles. Adapted from the source document.