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This article revisits long-standing questions about consent, membership and emigration in Locke's thought. Commentators such as A John Simmons have argued that Locke opens political membership to both express consenters and some kind of tacit consenters, and not just to the former, as some have suggested. Simmons's reading seems to render Locke more sensible in that it does not exclude large numbers of people from membership or burden the few members with all the civic duties, and also in that it allows at least tacit-consenting members the right to relocate, while this right is denied to express-consenting members. Against this reading, the article shows, by resolving seemingly conflicting claims in the text, that people become members only by express consent. It also responds to the criticism that the express-consent-only reading would limit membership to a few and so would render Locke's account implausible from a practical point of view. The article then addresses the purported restriction Locke imposes on express consenters' right to emigrate, arguing that the restriction concerns the change of membership and not the right to relocate.

This article illuminates the value of the concept of the region in political ecology and environmental justice studies by presenting three arguments about the role of regions in environmental justice social movements engaged in climate change mitigation in California's San Joaquin Valley. First, regional planning agencies and environmental justice advocates are engaged in conflicts over not only the content of regional climate change plans, but the very definitions of region and the authority used to put these regional visions into action. Second, regional organizing provides environmental justice movements with new opportunities to address regional economic patterns and to negotiate with regional planning agencies, both of which influence local manifestations of environmental injustice. Third, regional strategies raise significant dilemmas for these movements as they try to sustain engagement across extensive spatial territories and engage with a broad set of policy and economic protagonists. Together, this analysis demonstrates that a dynamic approach to regions, regionalism, and regionalization can assist political ecology and environmental justice scholars in their common aim of understanding the co-production of social and environmental inequity and collective action to change it.

This article illuminates the value of the concept of the region in political ecology and environmental justice studies by presenting three arguments about the role of regions in environmental justice social movements engaged in climate change mitigation in California's San Joaquin Valley. First, regional planning agencies and environmental justice advocates are engaged in conflicts over not only the content of regional climate change plans, but the very definitions of region and the authority used to put these regional visions into action. Second, regional organizing provides environmental justice movements with new opportunities to address regional economic patterns and to negotiate with regional planning agencies, both of which influence local manifestations of environmental injustice. Third, regional strategies raise significant dilemmas for these movements as they try to sustain engagement across extensive spatial territories and engage with a broad set of policy and economic protagonists. Together, this analysis demonstrates that a dynamic approach to regions, regionalism, and regionalization can assist political ecology and environmental justice scholars in their common aim of understanding the co-production of social and environmental inequity and collective action to change it.

Girls are increasingly being publically celebrated as community leaders, models for ideal citizenship, and central to economic development. Contemporary girlhood is rich with political implications and significance. In this essay, I outline some of the scholarship on the public discourses that idealize girls as model neoliberal citizens and address important findings and contributions from empirical research on the political lives of girls: girls' political beliefs, political socialization, political identities, and their practices of political and civic engagement. There is a growing body of scholarship that suggests that studying the political lives of girls enables and requires a re-thinking of some key concepts in political sociology, including the meaning of politics, of engagement, and of citizenship for different populations. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Girls are increasingly being publically celebrated as community leaders, models for ideal citizenship, and central to economic development. Contemporary girlhood is rich with political implications and significance. In this essay, I outline some of the scholarship on the public discourses that idealize girls as model neoliberal citizens and address important findings and contributions from empirical research on the political lives of girls: girls' political beliefs, political socialization, political identities, and their practices of political and civic engagement. There is a growing body of scholarship that suggests that studying the political lives of girls enables and requires a re-thinking of some key concepts in political sociology, including the meaning of politics, of engagement, and of citizenship for different populations. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

AbstractAccording to the mandate of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), the local government has the authority to regulate and manage their own affairs in accordance with the principle of autonomy and assistance. The autonomy is directed to accelerate the realization of public welfare through service improvement, empowerment and community participation. Therefore, the government is obliged to prepare Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Sragen regency for the years 2011-2016. RPJMD is a regional planning document for a period of 5 (five) years at the macro level where the drafting of local regulation of RPJMD must be accompanied with the academic paper. Key words: academic paper, medium term development plan, Sragen Regency, local government Abstrak Sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia (UUD 1945), pemerintah daerah berwenang untuk mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan menurut azas otonomi dan tugas pembantuan. Otonomi ini sendiri diarahkan untuk mempercepat terwujudnya kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui peningkatan pelayanan, pemberdayaan dan peranserta masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah berkewajiban menyusun Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) Kabupaten Sragen untuk masa tahun 2011-2016. RPJMD merupakan suatu dokumen perencanaan pembangunan daerah untuk kurun waktu 5 (lima) tahun yang bersifat makro dimana dalam penyusunan draf Peraturan Daerah RPJMD yang diajukan perlu didampingi Naskah Akademis. Kata kunci: naskah akademis, RPJMD, Kabupaten Sragen, pemerintah daerah

Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 32 tahun 2004 tentang pemerintah daerah tersebut, maka pemerintah daerah dituntut untuk selalu kreatif dan cerdas mengambil inisiatif merumuskan kebijakan pelaksanaan otonomi daerahnya dengan melibatkan segenap masyarakat dan potensi daerah untuk meningkatkan kemakmuran masyarakat. Hal ini sesuai dengan tujuan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah yaitu peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat, peningkatan pelayanan masyarakat dan peningkatan daya saing daerah. Undang-Undang tersebut pada hakikatnya memberikan wewenang kepada pemerintah untuk mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan dan kepentingan masyarakat setempat di daerahnya sesuai dengan tujuan pembangunan nasional yang tidak mungkin dapat dilaksanakan sendiri oleh pemerintah pusat.Untuk itu beberapa kegiatan tentang retribusi dan berbagai macam tarikan pajak daerah diserahkan kepada pemerintah Daerah dimulai tahun 2012 dan tahun 2013. Untuk itu pemerintah daerah sudah harus menyiapkan sarana dan prasarana antara lain seperti Perda yang digunakan dasar dalam melakukan tarikan dari masyarakat, sehingga penarikan akan tampak jelas dasar hukumnya.Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 10 tahun 2010 tentang tata cara penyusunan PERDA bahwa setiap penyusunan PERDA harus dilengkapi atau didampingi atau disertai dengan Naskah Akademis. Pentingnya penyusunan naskah akademis untuk memberikan pokok-pokok pikiran yang menjadi landasan yang mencakup unsur filosofis, sosiologis dan yuridis. Dengan demikian akan lebih kuat dan jelas berbagai alasan besarnya tarikan dan dasar hukumnya yang tercantum dalam perda tersebut. Disamping itu, dalam naskah akademis itu juga dijelaskan proses penyusunan perda sejak di kawasan eksekutif maupun proses pembahasanya dengan pihak legislatif, sehingga proses penyusunan perda tersebut akan dapat komprehensif. Kata kunci: Retribusi Jasa Usaha, Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Daerah, Sosialisasi Perda