Violent non-state actors: from anarchists to jihadists
In: Routledge studies on challenges, crises, and dissent in world politics 3
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In: Routledge studies on challenges, crises, and dissent in world politics 3
In: Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises and Dissent in World Politics
In: Security and governance series
Bringing together some of the leading international scholars with practicing intelligence, military, and police officers, this book provides different theoretical and empirical perspectives on international security cooperation.
In: Third world quarterly, Band 45, Heft 3, S. 513-530
ISSN: 1360-2241
In: Alternatives: global, local, political, Band 47, Heft 4, S. 175-193
ISSN: 2163-3150
With the end of the Cold War and through the start of the 21st century, conventional IR theories were anticipating an eventual balancing against the United States. Puzzled when this phenomenon did not occur, balancing theorists engaged in a lively discussion, bringing with it the development of proposed alternative forms of balancing and a debate over whether the concept itself had perhaps outlived its relevance. This article reengages with this discussion, suggesting that many of the involved theorists were hampered by theoretical blinders based on statism, and that in fact balancing did occur, but in an unconventional manner and at the hands of an unexpected suspect: al Qaeda, a violent non-state actor, acting in a transnational manner. In this context, this article treats the 9/11 attacks of the violent Jihadist anti-Western movement as an instance of balancing against the hegemon, a successful one in that the Jihadists arguably aimed not at "winning," but at revealing the superpower's weaknesses so that others would subsequently join the balancing effort. By failing to view the Jihadists' efforts as an ideological balancing effort, the United States responded with force rather than ideational counter-balancing. They waged a war instead of emphasizing efforts to separate the radical violent Jihadist perpetrators from the idea they were championing—a struggle in the name of Muslims/the downtrodden East against the United States—and thus allowing the challenger to rise into a position of "dissident" in the Muslim world, and, arguably, paving the path for today's state revisionist behaviors. The article proposes a framework based on traditionally state-based concepts of intent and impact/capacity to show how non-state actors can in fact balance superpowers and therefore should be incorporated into balancing theories, and presents the actions of the violent Jihadists as an example of transnational, ideational balancing—a phenomenon as real and consequential as state-balancing.
In: The Chinese journal of international politics, Band 13, Heft 2, S. 287-312
ISSN: 1750-8924
Abstract
Scholarly dialogue between 'core' and 'periphery' or 'West/non-West' in many disciplinary communities has become an issue of discussion in recent decades, spawned in part by increased expectations in many periphery communities of being published in core journals, and complicated by factors such as the linguistic hegemony of English and concerns about access. The International Relations (IR) discipline has been at the forefront of this discussion. However, despite widespread awareness of the issue, and a dedicated push for greater emphasis on local theorising out of the periphery, the cutting edge of global IR scholarship still remains core dominant. This article proposes that a focus on 'quality' methodology, in the broadest possible sense of having transparent and effectively applied research designs, could serve as a lingua franca to promote the exchange of ideas in a way less prone to disadvantage periphery scholars. The article goes on to examine this issue by focusing on the case of the Turkish IR disciplinary community. It looks at how methodological issues are currently considered in Turkish IR pedagogy and scholarship and then offers a self-reflective assessment of the quality of methodology in Turkish IR. It concludes by offering suggestions on how the Turkish IR disciplinary community could better address methodological issues and, ultimately, perhaps achieve greater impact within the global IR community.
In: Cambridge review of international affairs, Band 28, Heft 3, S. 424-444
ISSN: 0955-7571
In: Cambridge review of international affairs, Band 28, Heft 3, S. 424-444
ISSN: 1474-449X
In: Democratization, Band 20, Heft 6, S. 1144-1164
ISSN: 1743-890X
In: Democratization, Band 20, Heft 6, S. 1144-1164
ISSN: 1351-0347
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of democracy, Band 23, Heft 1, S. 100-108
ISSN: 1086-3214
Recent years have seen a transformation in Turkish civil-military relations -- away from the traditional picture of weak elected officials overseen by a strong military, to one of a strengthened civilian government and a military with decreased influence. This article explores the questions of how this transformation has occurred, whether it will last, and what it indicates about prospects for democratic consolidation in Turkey. It includes suggestions for ensuring the institutionalization of these changes, and discusses possible stumbling blocks to further advancement. Adapted from the source document.
In: Journal of democracy, Band 23, Heft 1, S. 100-109
ISSN: 1045-5736
In: Third world quarterly, Band 31, Heft 5, S. 693-707
ISSN: 1360-2241
In: The Middle East journal, Band 63, Heft 4, S. 581-596
ISSN: 0026-3141
World Affairs Online
In: The Middle East journal, Band 63, Heft 4, S. 581-596
ISSN: 1940-3461