Suchergebnisse

En la actualidad millones de brasileños viven en el exterior, y gran número de ellos envía remesas a sus familiares y amigos en Brasil. Una proporción considerable de estos mi­grantes regresa a su país después de un periodo en el exterior, por lo regular a su lugar de origen o a uno cercano. La mayoría retorna de unos cuantos países (Paraguay, Es­tados Unidos y Japón), por lo que el destino de los flujos está perfectamente localizado, y lo mismo podría decirse de las remesas. Sin embargo no es posible distinguir adecua­damente este tipo de transferencias de los demás ingresos al analizar la información del Censo de Población de Brasil de 2000. AbstractNowadays millions of Brazilians live abroad; many send remittances to friends and relatives in Brazil. A sizable proportion of these individuals do return after a period abroad and they tend to return to somewhere close to or specifically to their origin. Most international migrants from Brazil return from just a few countries (Paraguay, United States and Japan) and the destiny of these flows are highly localized, and the same may occur with the remittances sent. We could not apprehend effectively this type of transfers from other types of earnings using the 2000 Brazilian Demographic Census data.

O objetivo deste artigo é a construção de tipologias para os trabalhadores brasileiros, em especial, com relação ao tempo de deslocamento até o trabalho. A partir do método GoM (Grade of Membership), estabeleceram-se perfis puros e mistos de trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, com utilização dos dados das PNADs de 2009 e 2014. Três características básicas marcaram aqueles que gastam bastante tempo comutando: sexo masculino, residentes em áreas metropolitanas e em baixa posição socioeconômica. Analisando o extremo oposto, mulheres em baixa posição socioeconômica são mais presentes em perfis caracterizados por alta prevalência de trabalhadores que nada comutam. A distribuição espacial da população, como esperado, não se dá de forma aleatória. Resumindo, os mais pobres tendem a residirlonge do centro e o oposto para os indivíduos em melhor situação financeira.

Los niveles de pobreza en Brasil presentan una notable heterogeneidad espacial. Entre otros fenómenos, la migración puede tener cierto impacto en los niveles de pobreza regionales. Con estos antecedentes, se analiza la diversidad socioeconómica regional de los flujos migratorios en los siguientes casos: urbano-urbano, rural-urbano, urbano-rural y rural-rural dentro y entre los estados de Brasil. Para ello se utilizaron técnicas multivariables de análisis de clusters. Se observan algunas tendencias generales: entre mayor es el nivel socioeconomico hay mayores flujos urbano-urbano y de mayor distancia, mientras que entre menor es dicho nivel se dan más flujos rural-rural y de menor distancia. Más aún, los emigrantes más pobres se encuentran en los flujos con origen rural en y/o con destino a la región Noreste del país.

This paper investigated the relationship between marital arrangements and satisfaction with life in Brazil. Initially, household arrangements with couples in Brazil were classified into seven different groups: one for marriage or relationships indistinguishable from marriage, and six for consensual unions. This allowed the paper to empirically address the natural heterogeneity of marriage and cohabitation and their relationship to levels of satisfaction with life. Then, taking into account the fact that these associations are plagued by endogeneity, econometric models addressed whether the different household arrangements were correlated with different levels of satisfaction with life. After this, the reverse link was also analyzed with the use of econometric models. The results suggest that household arrangement types were weakly or non-significantly correlated with the levels of life satisfaction. Conversely, life satisfaction levels were significant-ly correlated with the different types of household arrangements.

This essay investigates the impact of inmates' work and educational programs on recidivism rates over nearly five years for prisoners released from Santa Catarina prisons. Three methods were used to analyze recidivism and to control for self-selection bias and non-observable heterogeneity: propensity score matching, Cox, and frailty models. The frailty model showed that participation in work and educational programs reduced the odds of recidivism by 14% and 32%, respectively. This study suggests that programs are being carried out in Santa Catarina that may effectively impact prisoners' rehabilitation.