Suchergebnisse

RESUMENLos procesos de gobernanza de territorios exigen un esfuerzo especial por abrirnos a las diversas comprensiones que circulan en torno a sus vocaciones productivas y condiciones de diversidad. Para ello, proponemos reflexionar desde perspectivas decoloniales, interculturales y ecológico políticas en torno a procesos de gobernanza de aguas en territorios marcados por la convivencia del capitalismo transnacional con economías y culturas campesinas e indígenas. Los casos de referencia empírica, proceden de las regiones de Biobío y Ñuble, en el Centro Sur de Chile, en que actores y actantes del sistema socionatural determinado por las plantaciones de monocultivos forestales, se enfrentan cotidianamente a dialogar, negociar y confrontar sus comprensiones múltiples en torno al agua.ABSTRACTThe processes of territories governance require a special effort to open ourselves to the diverse interpretations that circulate about its productive vocations and conditions of its diversity. To do so, we propose to reflect from decolonial, intercultural and ecological-political perspectives surrounding water governance processes in territories marked by the coexistence of transnational capitalism with peasant and indigenous economies and cultures. The empirical reference cases come from the regions of Biobío and Ñuble, in the South Center of Chile, where the actors and actants of the socionatural system determined by plantations of monoculture forestry, face daily dialogue, negotiate and confront their multiple understandings around the water.

The processes of territories governance require a special effort to open ourselves to the diverse interpretations that circulate about its productive vocations and conditions of its diversity. To do so, we propose to reflect from decolonial, intercultural and ecological-political perspectives surrounding water governance processes in territories marked by the coexistence of transnational capitalism with peasant and indigenous economies and cultures. The empirical reference cases come from the regions of Biobío and Ñuble, in the South Center of Chile, where the actors and actants of the socionatural system determined by plantations of monoculture forestry, face daily dialogue, negotiate and confront their multiple understandings around the water.

This paper presents key research findings about the relationshipbetween forestry companies and Mapuche communities in Chile, from theperspective of anthropological studies of development, adressed during theFondecyt proyect 11080196. Methodologically, the research is the result ofintensive and extensive ethnographic approach on the dynamics and relationalprocesses between the actors, during the 2008-2011 period. Interviews,participant observation and document analysis were the main strategiesused. The main results higlight that both sector —forestry companies andthe Mapuche communities— has its own internal diversity, trends and tensions,that impact the overall social relations quality in the territory of LaAraucania, which is historically and socially marked by cultural and economicgaps. The research allowed to see that in this context, the relationshipbetween forestry companies and the Mapuche community reflects contactsbetween different logics —ie. modes, styles, value systems, practices andperformed knowledges, relating to the environment, development and theeconomy. These contacts —sociologically understood as social relations—are flexible, but always within a range of inequalities that undermine communities

En este articulo se presenta la síntesis de una investigación antropológica de carácter etnográfica, llevada a cabo entre 1997 y 1998 en una comunidad indígena de la IX Región. Proyectando intereses desde la antropología, la búsqueda por conocer el nivel en que se encuentra la prevención de las enfermedades y la gente vive el cuidado de su salud, este trabajo, que tuvo la forma de investigación de Tesis de Grado, se llevó a cabo a través de la inserción de quien escribe en la comumidad, recogiendo desde allí todo lo que antropológicamente hablara acerca del problema planteado.

Infectious agents such as the bacteria Vibrio aestuarianus or Ostreid herpesvirus 1 have been repeatedly associated with dramatic disease outbreaks of Crassostrea gigas beds in Europe. Beside roles played by these pathogens, microbial infections in C. gigas may derive from the contribution of a larger number of microorganisms than previously thought, according to an emerging view supporting the polymicrobial nature of bivalve diseases. In this study, the microbial communities associated with a large number of C. gigas samples collected during recurrent mortality episodes at different European sites were investigated by real‐time PCR and 16SrRNA gene‐based microbial profiling. A new target enrichment next‐generation sequencing protocol for selective capturing of 884 phylogenetic and virulence markers of the potential microbial pathogenic community in oyster tissue was developed allowing high taxonomic resolution analysis of the bivalve pathobiota. Comparative analysis of contrasting C. gigas samples conducted using these methods revealed that oyster experiencing mortality outbreaks displayed signs of microbiota disruption associated with the presence of previously undetected potential pathogenic microbial species mostly belonging to genus Vibrio and Arcobacter. The role of these species and their consortia should be targeted by future studies aiming to shed light on mechanisms underlying polymicrobial infections in C. gigas. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the EU project H2020 VIVALDI Grant No. 678589. We thank all the producers and people helping with sampling collection at the farming sites. We also thank the Ifremer ECOSCOPA network for producing and maintaining the oysters in the Bay of Brest. ; SI