New Communities for Urban Squatters: Lessons from the Plan That Failed in Dhaka, Bangladesh
In: Urban Innovation Abroad
1 The Importance of Implementation -- Implementation within the Planning Process -- Defining Failure in Implementation -- Defining the Planning Process -- Constraints on Implementation -- Methodological Issues -- Acknowledgements -- 2 The Accelerating Urbanization of Bangladesh -- Migration from the Rural Areas -- The Lure of the Urban Areas -- Push and Pull Factors Combined -- Coping with the New Residents -- Characteristics of Bangladesh Squatters -- 3 Government Approaches to the Bangladesh Housing Problem -- Planning to Meet Housing Needs in Pakistan, 1955-1970 -- The Growing Crisis in East Pakistan -- The Emergence of Familiar Problems after Independence -- The Urban Planning System -- Financial Constraints and their Ramifications -- The Structure of Bangladesh Society -- Turning to Outside Help -- 4 The Resettlement Decision and its Aftermath -- The Rise and Fall of Idealism -- Initial Conditions at the Resettlement Camps -- The Role of Non-Government Organizations -- Subsequent Developments at Tongi and Demra -- 5 Toward a Permanent Solution at Mirpur -- Bashantek: The Early Days -- Formulating the Mirpur Scheme -- The Detailed Planning Stage -- UNCDF's Financial Commitment to the Project -- Evaluating the Planning Effort -- The Mirpur Project Document -- 6 Financial Feasibility and the Planning Process -- Estimating Project Costs -- The Problem of Financial Feasibility -- The Feasibility of the Flood-Free Site -- 7 The Implementation of the Mirpur Project -- The Problem of Coordination -- Constructing the Embankment -- Identifying What Went Wrong -- 8 The Way Ahead: Planning for Implementation -- Organizational Issues -- Resources -- Cultural Understanding -- Appropriate Technology -- Public Participation -- Footnotes and References.