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Intro -- Front Matter -- 1. Democratic Innovations and Social Movements -- Democratic challenges in the Great Recession -- Progressive social movements as sites for innovation -- This volume -- 2. Crowd-Sourced Constitutionalism: Social Movements in the Constitutional Process -- Iceland in the crisis -- Expanding the analysis: the Irish deliberative constitutional process -- Concluding remarks -- 3. Referendums from Below: Direct Democracy and Social Movements -- 'Water is not for sale': direct democracy against the privatization of water supply -- Expanding the analysis from a comparative perspective: referendums in Scotland and Catalonia -- Concluding remarks -- 4. Movement Parties in the Great Recession -- Podemos as a movement party -- Developing a comparison: MAS in Bolivia -- Conclusion -- 5. Progressive Movements and Democratic Innovations: Some Conclusions -- Innovating from below -- Conditions and limits for democratic innovations -- Democracy and the populist Right -- Democratic innovations as social movement outcomes -- Institutional change in empirical theories of democracy -- Innovations in intense times: the way forward -- Bibliography -- Index -- End User License Agreement.

1. Contentious Moves: Mobilising for Refugees' Rights; Donatella della Porta -- 2. 'We Have Become Refugees in Our Own Country': Mobilising for Refugees in Istanbul; Semih Çelik -- 3. Solidarity in Transition: The Case of Greece; Leonidas Oikonomakis -- 4. From Border to Border: Refugee Solidarity Activism in Italy Across Space, Time and Practices; Lorenzo Zamponi -- 5. Interwoven Destinies in the 'Long Migration Summer': Solidarity Movements Along the Western Balkan Route; Chiara Milan and Andrea Pirro -- 6. Refugee Solidarity in a Multilevel Political Opportunity Structure: The Case of Spain; Javier Alcalde and Martín Portos -- 7. Emotions That Mobilise: The Emotional Basis of Pro-Asylum Seekers Activism in Austria; Chiara Milan -- 8. Emotions in the Crisis: Mobilising for Refugees in Germany and Sweden; Jochen Kleres -- 9. Scale Shift and Transnationalisation within Refugees' Solidarity Activism: From Calais to the European Level; Javier Alcalde and Martin Portos -- 10. Europeans, Shut the Borders! Anti-Refugee Mobilization in Italy and France; Pietro Castelli Gattinara -- 11. Mapping Protest on the Refugee Crisis: Insights from Online Protest Event Analysis; Massimiliano Andretta and Elena Pavan -- 12. Contentious Moves: Some Conclusions; Donatella della Porta

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Riding the wave: Protest cascades, and what we can learn from them / Donatella della Porta -- 2. The spirit of Gezi: A relational approach to eventful protest and its challenges / Donatella della Porta and Kivanc Atak -- 3. Brazil's popular awakening - June 2013: Accounting for the onset of a new cycle of contention / Mariana S. Mendes -- 4. Making sense of "La Salida" : Challenging left-wing control in Venezuela / Juan Masullo -- 5. The Marikana Massacre and Labor Protest in South Africa / Francis O'Connor -- 6. Left in translation: The curious absence of austerity frames in the 2013 Bulgarian protests / Julia Rone -- 7. "Sow hunger, reap anger" : From neoliberal privatization to new collective identities in Bosnia-Herzegovina / Chiara Milan -- 8. A spirit of Maidan? : Contentious escalation in Ukraine / Daniel P. Ritter -- 9. Riding the wave: Some conclusions / Donatella della Porta -- Bibliography -- Index -- List of Figures and Tables -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 - Explaining the movement's spirit -- Figure 2.1 - Occupational profile of the labor force participants in Turkey (Jan. 2014) -- Figure 2.2 - Population size (shades) and Gezi Park protests (dots) at provincial level, May-September 2013 -- Figure 2.3 - Gezi Park protests at district level (shades) and neighborhood forums (dots) in Istanbul, May-September 2013 -- Figure 2.4 - Number of protest events and participants in Turkey, 2011-2013 -- Figure 2.5 - Protests by main action forms, 2011-2013 (%) -- Figure 3.1 - Evolution of Economic Classes, 1992-2009 -- Figure 3.2 - Number of Protesters, June 17th-28th* -- Figure 3.3 - Public perceptions of Brazil's main problems -- Figure 4.1 - Protest events per month, 2014 -- Figure 4.2 - Protest events per semester, 2012-2014 -- Figure 4.3 - Homicide rate, 2000-2012.

Recent years have seen a new development in the growth and spread of popular protest: protests that began as local, homogeneous events-such as Occupy Wall Street or the protests of the Arab Spring-quickly left their original locations and local specificity behind and became global. This book looks at the development of this wave of protests, with an eye on protests against austerity and neoliberal economic policies, and offers a global view, covering events in Turkey, Brazil, Venezuela, South Africa, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, and other locations.

Where Did the Revolution Go? considers the apparent disappearance of the large social movements that have contributed to democratization. Revived by recent events of the Arab Spring, this question is once again paramount. Is the disappearance real, given the focus of mass media and scholarship on electoral processes and 'normal politics'? Does it always happen, or only under certain circumstances? Are those who struggled for change destined to be disappointed by the slow pace of transformation? Which mechanisms are activated and deactivated during the rise and fall of democratization? This volume addresses these questions through empirical analysis based on quantitative and qualitative methods (including oral history) of cases in two waves of democratization: Central Eastern European cases in 1989 as well as cases in the Middle East and Mediterranean region in 2011

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1: The Re-emergence of a Class Cleavage? Social Movements in Times of Austerity -- Bringing capitalism back into protest analysis? -- Social movements and political cleavages -- The research -- This volume -- 2: Social Structure: Old Working Class, New Precariat, or Yet Something Different? -- Dynamics of capitalism -- Social movements and social structures -- World-systems theory and anti-systemic movements -- Multitudes against the empire? -- Bridging political economy and social movement studies -- Modes of production and social cleavages in social movement studies -- Anti-austerity protest in the periphery -- The social basis of the (European) Global Justice Movement -- The social bases of movements in the crisis of neoliberalism -- The sociography of the camps -- The social basis of protest in Europe -- Conclusion -- 3: Identification Processes: Class and Culture -- Immoral (neo)liberalism: the challenge -- The cultural dimension: which identity for which movement? -- Liquid modernity and fragmented societies? -- Populist logic as search for the people -- The new spirit of capitalism and its critics -- Identity in social movement studies -- Morality and justice frames in anti-austerity protests in the periphery -- Anti-neoliberalism and tolerant identities in the Global Justice Movement -- Morality framing in anti-austerity movements -- Indignation and occupation -- Inclusive identities in European protests -- Conclusion -- 4: Lo Llaman Democracia Y No Lo Es: A Crisis of Political Responsibility -- Lack of responsibility in (late) neoliberalism -- Crisis of legitimacy in neoliberalism: the abdication of responsibility by representative institutions and its discontent -- Legitimacy crisis and institutional trust -- Political opportunities in social movement studies

"This timely new book addresses the anti-austerity social movements of which these protests form part, mobilizing in the context of a crisis of neoliberalism. Donatella della Porta shows that, in order to understand their main facets in terms of social basis, strategy, and identity and organizational structures, we should look at the specific characteristics of the socioeconomic, cultural and political context in which they developed."

A systematic, authoritative, and accessible introduction to empirical research in social movement studies. Each of the main methods of data collection and data analysis are presented with a practical approach, from research design to data collection, the use of information through to ethical issues.