Suchergebnisse

Resumo O presente artigo analisa o impacto de fatores contextuais - o PIB per capita, a qualidade da democracia e os anos ininterruptos de democracia - sobre a coesão do sistema de crenças democrático dos latino-americanos. Considera-se um democrata coeso aquele que apoia diferentes princípios democráticos, notadamente: eleições livres e competitivas, separação dos poderes, primado da lei, participação política e tolerância. Utilizamos, para isso, um modelo multinível com dados de opinião pública de 19 países do Barômetro das Américas de 2010. Os resultados indicam que os cidadãos que vivem em países com maior PIB per capita e maior tradição democrática são mais propensos a serem democratas coesos. A qualidade da democracia, por sua vez, não apresentou resultados significativos. Argumentamos que esses achados têm uma importante implicação para a democracia na região.

Studies on democratic attitudes in Latin America indicate that older citizens are more likely to express a preference for democracy. This contradicts part of the literature, which suggests that the greatest support should come from younger generations, who were socialized under democratic regimes. One possible explanation for the greater support for democracy among the older generation is that they experienced the repression of political and civil rights under authoritarian rule, thus creating an aversion to such regimes. In this article, we replicate tests conducted by other studies in evaluating the effect of generation on support for democracy, using data from the 2012 Americas Barometer. In addition, we add a new factor to the analysis: the country's authoritarian legacy, measured as to the duration and intensity with which individual and political rights were curtailed in the past. The results show a complex picture. First, they confirm that the generations that have lived under authoritarian regimes are more likely to support democracy. However, we find no evidence of an increase in the difference in support between generations in countries where the authoritarian legacy is stronger. Finally, the data indicate that countries with stronger authoritarian legacies exhibit less support for democracy, while stronger democratic legacies have the opposite effect.

Abstract Several studies have used the terms "critical citizen" and "dissatisfied democrat" interchangeably, assuming that both address the same citizen profile. However, recent studies conducted in new democracies have questioned this assumption, arguing that those who are dissatisfied are not always critical. This article investigates this question based on a comparison of the United States and Brazil. Beginning with the classification of two types of citizens, "dissatisfied democrats" and "critical democrats", we appraise whether dissatisfied democrats are critical. Then, we test which of these two types of citizens is more engaged and has attitudes that are more democratic. The results show that dissatisfied democrats are not necessarily critical and that critical democrats are more engaged in politics and more committed to democracy than non-critical democrats.

Abstract Several studies have used the terms "critical citizen" and "dissatisfied democrat" interchangeably, assuming that both address the same citizen profile. However, recent studies conducted in new democracies have questioned this assumption, arguing that those who are dissatisfied are not always critical. This article investigates this question based on a comparison of the United States and Brazil. Beginning with the classification of two types of citizens, "dissatisfied democrats" and "critical democrats", we appraise whether dissatisfied democrats are critical. Then, we test which of these two types of citizens is more engaged and has attitudes that are more democratic. The results show that dissatisfied democrats are not necessarily critical and that critical democrats are more engaged in politics and more committed to democracy than non-critical democrats.

SUMMARYTwo sisters affected by Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome were described and treatment trials reported. Scaling, curettage, pro‐phylaxis, and oral hygiene instructions were repeatedly given to the patients. Daily rinses with a solution of cysteine were instituted. When this was unsuccessful, a daily dose of 1 gm tetracycline was admininstered for 8 weeks, concomitant with a periodontal splint. All the treatment modalities failed. Poor patient compliance may have affected the results. A noticeable periodontal finding of PLS was the presence of unaffected primary dentition in the younger sibling.

This research was partly funded by the Russian Science Foundation (under the project 14-43-0005) and ERA-NET HarvEnPiez project, with the computer resources provided by Stuttgart Supercomputing Centre (Project DEFTD 12939). A. C. also acknowledges financial support from the University of Latvia Foundation (Arnis Riekstins's ''MikroTik'' donation). Authors thank R. Merkle, A. Popov for fruitful discussions. ; Tb-doped CeO2 (ceria) is a promising mixed conductor for oxygen permeation membranes and reversible oxygen sorbents. To predict solubility of Tb ions in ceria for a wide range of concentrations, density functional theory (DFT+U) calculations with two different values of Hubbard U-parameter on Tb and Ce ions were combined with alloy thermodynamics and the Concentration Wave approach. It is shown that, to predict properties of disordered solid solutions at finite temperatures, the energy parameters in the mixing energies can be extracted from the DFT+U calculations performed at T = 0 K for two ordered configurations of the dopant in the supercells. The unlimited solubility of Tb4+ in CeO2 in the quasi-binary cross-section CeO2-TbO2 is predicted in the temperature range where both stoichiometric TbO2 and CeO2 reveal fluorite structures (above 700 °C). ; Russian Science Foundation (under the project 14-43-0005); ERA-NET HarvEnPiez project; Stuttgart Supercomputing Centre Project DEFTD 12939; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART²

Resumo O presente artigo busca qualificar a adesão à democracia no Brasil. Ele parte da ideia de que a adesão à democracia é mais bem entendida de um ponto de vista multidimensional. Os indivíduos podem aderir a diferentes princípios subjacentes à democracia, em vez de optarem pela simples adesão ou não a ela. Nosso enfoque são os democratas: queremos saber quão democráticos são os democratas brasileiros. Utilizamos aqui o banco de dados Barômetro das Américas de 2006 a 2012. Os resultados mostram que existem diferentes níveis de adesão à democracia, conforme o princípio democrático em questão. Os brasileiros aderem com maior intensidade à dimensão participativa, em detrimento da procedimental e da representativa. Mostramos, no entanto, que esses princípios podem caminhar de forma mais ou menos independente.

Throughout the world, and especially in the European Union, numerous technologies for the thermal treatment of radioactive waste are available or being developed. These technologies can be applied to a large range of different radioactive waste streams, including non-standard types of waste that present specific waste management challenges. Thermal treatment can result in a significant reduction in volume and hazard, which are beneficial for safe storage and disposal. Thermal treatment also removes organic material that can form complexing agents and increase the mobility of radionuclides in the landfill. In the paper, basic thermal techniques are presented, and some examples of the installations are shown. Common knowledge of these methods may result in an increased public acceptance of nuclear energy in a country just introducing it, as Poland is.