Suchergebnisse

<p class="Normalny1">Celem artykułu było porównanie białoruskich, rosyjskich i polskich jednostek toponimicznych, które zawierają komponent kolorystyczny lub formę wewnętrzną, motywowaną leksemami kolorystycznymi (koloronimy). W artykule analizowano toponimy ze składnikiem kolorystycznym głównie na podstawie ojkonimów, hydronimów i mikrotoponimów. Wybór materiału i określenie etymologii nazw geograficznych zostało przeprowadzone zgodnie z oficjalnymi publikacjami białoruskimi, rosyjskimi i polskimi oraz elektronicznymi katalogami i rejestrami państwowymi. Naukowe podejście do badania języka jako zjawiska społecznego, powszechnie akceptowane w lingwistyce, stanowi metodologiczną podstawę pracy. W badaniu wykorzystano metody opisowe, porównawcze oraz ilościowe. Analiza wykazała stopień reprezentacji poszczególnych kolorów w toponimii narodowej, sposoby realizacji semantyki kolorystycznej, a także pozwoliła ustalić cechy motywacji toponimicznej koloru oraz priorytety etniczne w toponimii na tle tradycji kolorystycznej w kulturze narodów białoruskiego, rosyjskiego i polskiego.</p>

Introduction. The transfer of technologies from defense to the civilian sector of the economy, their implementation in the commercial sphere of economic relations should lead to wider use, increase economic returns and further development of these technologies. The issues of diversification of the domestic defense industry are closely monitored by the top leadership of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to scientifically comprehend and analyze the provision by Russian legislation of the necessary and sufficient legal conditions for the transfer of technology from the military to the civilian sector. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the content and sequence of stages of technology transfer from the defense to the civilian sector of the economy and assessing the degree to which these stages are reflected in current legislation. Monitoring Tools. The subject is normative legal acts regulating this sphere of relations, as well as the works of scientists and specialists in this field. The dialectical method was used as a methodological basis. General scientific (analysis, system-structural, functional), special (concrete sociological), and private scientific (formal-legal, method of interpretation of the rule of law) methods were applied in this work. Results and Discussion. The materials collected during the analysis in this article allow us to analyze Russian legislation on the transfer of technology from the defense sector to civilian through the prism of the author's presentation of the stages of technology transfer and how this mechanism is viewed by domestic experts and researchers. The analysis conducted in this field will be useful both for lawyers who apply these laws, and for researchers who are faced with the effect of such laws in their professional activities. Conclusion. Based on the results of the research, we can conclude that it is advisable to adopt a single regulatory legal act governing all stages of the disposal of rights to military, special or ...

Modern trends in the development of the global telecommunication industry can be characterized as a movement toward globalization, creation of a unified information space, a single unified telecommunication system and standards of information sharing, implementation of new information technologies into important spheres of activity of the society, especially in the economy. Development of telecommunications is one of the factors ensuring the functioning and growth of the state's economy, because the dynamics of modern world economic relations predetermined dramatic increase in the demand for telecommunication services. In its turn, the scientific and technological revolution contributed to the creation of new telecommunication technologies, which due to the multiplier effect generate new services and consequently form new markets. The aim of the research is to analyze and discover peculiarities of the telecommunications industry of Ukraine, based on statistical, scientific and theoretical data and taking into account the achievements of the world's leading analytical companies, to form trends and perspectives of its development through the use of innovative potential. The telecommunications market was studied and the conclusions made about the market of mobile operators "approaching" a maturity stage. At the current stage of development of mobile communication, additional services based on different technologies are actively developing. Thematic services are dynamically developing – reference and information and entertainment services for mobile communication, while themed services using SMS technology are also popular. The peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian mobile communications market were discovered: 1) lack of new companies and, accordingly, of any pressing incentive for intensive innovative development of the industry; 2) the need for the development of additional services is due to the saturation of the mobile market and the aggravation of price competition; 3) additional services can be named stimulating for the marketing activities of the companies–operators. The trends of the market development were formulated: telecommunication companies are forced to develop innovative policy and constantly bring new services to the market, the price of which, as evidenced by the results of the study, is quite high and does not always quickly pay off. It is expected that the rate of development of mobile Internet in Ukraine will significantly accelerate if the operators are able to provide services of the third–generation 3G (UMTS) standard in full using this resource. Ukrainian telecommunications market will continue to grow, albeit by small tempo, due to the popularity of mobile Internet services. But the true dynamics can be expected only after the implementation of efficient mechanisms of regulation that will reduce the impact of dominant operators on pricing and introduction of new services and technologies. Scientific novelty of this work consists in determining the status, major trends and directions of development of Ukrainian telecoms industry through efficient use of innovative potential. The results of the study can be used for the industry's strategy development and identifying of promising areas of investment for the companies that work in the telecommunications market of Ukraine. Further research can be conducted with regard to the prospects for creation of a new market through larger use of additional services of the telecommunication market.

This paper explores the transformation of the Soviet model of science in the recent transitional period. It begins by analyzing the most important features of this model, which remained essentially unchanged from the 1920s to the 1990s; its conflict with the new conditions of development has made the transitional period more dramatic. The second part of the paper investigates the mechanisms of mounting crisis and chaos within the Russian research system, as it interacted with economic, social and political crisis, and with the transformation of state, market and social institutions. The dramatic decline in R&D funding, and the ineffective and inconsequential early reforms, gave rise to destructive tendencies. To counterbalance these, new, creative tendencies have appeared, initiated both by scientists themselves, and also by the Ministry of Science and Technological Policy. The process of forming a new model of science and science policy is now under way. These matters are considered in the final part of the paper.