Suchergebnisse

Der Verfasser wendet sich gegen ein voreiliges Fallenlassen des Totalitarismus-Konzepts als Makromodell kommunistischer Gesellschaften. Ausgehend von der Frage der politischen Identität eines Regimes unterscheidet er vor allem am Beispiel der VR China in der Zeit nach Mao zwischen dem fundamentalen Kern eines Regimes und einer operativen Ebene, wobei Wandlungsprozesse im operativen Bereich den fundamentalen Charakter eines Regimes nicht notwendigerweise modifizieren. Ein auf dieser Basis entwickeltes modifiziertes Makromodell totalitärer Regime erlaubt die Erklärung und vergleichende Beobachtung von Wandlungsprozessen in kommunistischen und postkommunistischen Gesellschaften. (BIOst-Wpt)

1. Introduction . - 2. Modes of Democratic Transition . - 3. A Theory of Explaining Success Rate of Democratic Transitions . - 4. Research Design and Empirics . - 5. Democratic Prospects . - 6. Conclusion

Post-Mao China has obviously moved away from the centrally planned command economy in the past two decades of reform. However, the key issue is in what direction and how far. To determine what direction China is headed for and how far China has moved in that direction, this article examines and evaluates the nature of institutional change in the ownership structure, particularly collectives, SOEs, and land ownership, which is then followed by a closer look at the post-Mao shareholding reform, its trends and problems from the basic perspective of property rights theory. (J Contemp China/DÜI) + The fifteenth congress of the Chinese Communist Party inaugurated a sweeping reform that has been transforming the ownership of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Though a term "common ownership" was the official name given to the scheme, it was regarded as a coded reference to privatization. If this is true, given the size of China's economy, this is probably the most ambitious privatization plan ever in the world. Bearing in mind that for nearly half a century the Chinese economy has remained based on the dominance of the state sector, it is understandable that the scheme had a shocking psychological effect at home and abroad the moment it was officially declared. For some people, China's privatization foretold a crusade. As a matter of fact, it ignited political debate at home and also sparked speculation abroad about the political tendency in China. From the academic perspective, it is of interest to figure out whether the scheme is privatization; if yes, how a decision could be made to privatize in the context of one of the few remaining socialist countries. One aim of this paper is to give an explanation to the paradox from the political-legal point of view. The paper argues that privatization is a natural result of the strategy for modernizing enterprises. However, the paper observes that the political and particularly the legal climates are not prepared for the privatization scheme, which poses a substantial restriction on the scheme. Then, the paper argues that the worth of the privatization scheme that has been proceeding in China does not lie in the novelty of its common ownership suggestion, but in its representing a near consensus on the Chinese leadership to push forward the experiment ownership suggestion, but in its representing a near consensus on the Chinese leadership to push forward the experiment already undertaken over the preceding years. Finally the paper ends by predicting briefly what can be expected of the scheme and how meaningful it will be

"This book represents a pioneering effort to offer an up-to-date overview of the state of the field of "Chinese political studies." It assesses the field's past, present, and future, emphasizing the role of Chinese scholars in transforming it both from within and outside of China. In the process, this book discusses the most hotly-debated problems, challenges, opportunities, achievements, and directions in terms of its disciplinary and intellectual developments. The book focuses on the epistemologically-oriented debate, i.e., the serious tensions between scientific, universalistic, positivist traditions on the one hand and particularistic, historical and contextual traditions in the study of Chinese politics on the other. The book also deals with the ontologically-oriented debate between scientific knowledge and local knowledge, i.e., between scientification/westernization (ke xue hua/xi fang hua) and indigenization (ben tu hua) of Chinese political studies, and thus their influences on the study of Chinese politics."--Publisher's website