This work proposes a new simultaneous wireless power transfer and modulation classification (SWPTMC) scheme, appropriate for internet of things (IoT) and military applications. The problem of SWPTMC is investigated for various modulation formats, i.e, quadrature phase-shift-keying (QPSK), 16-pulse amplitude modulation (16-PAM), /4-QPSK, minimum shift keying (MSK), offset QPSK (OQPSK), and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). We propose a new receiver architecture that incorporates conventional power splitting under a linear model with a certain level of sensitivity. The blind modulation classification algorithm is based on the higher-order cumulants and cyclic cumulants of the received signal. The cyclic cumulants use the non-zero cycle frequency position, while the higher-order cumulants use threshold values for classifying modulation formats. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to validate the accuracy of the proposed SWPTMC scheme.
Pandemic influenza and other large scale communicable disease outbreaks pose a unique public safety concern in respect to transit and emergency planning. While local transit agencies, supported by federal funds, have identified disaster planning and response as critical to maintaining continuity of service and quality of life, most plans contend solely with event-based scenarios such as responding to natural hazards and manmade disasters. A pandemic is particularly challenging, given no discrete event but a slow accumulation of organizational and social disruption. Contending with second order consequences and of the long-term effects of an influenza pandemic is of equal importance in city planning and operations. A major objective for City of New York and the Metropolitan Transit Authority will be to mitigate the effects of second order consequences. Pre-planning and connecting the public and employees to those plans will serve to minimize concerns and aid in the continuity of transit usage, service delivery and potentially minimize negative economic, social and political impacts.
Introduction: Malocclusion may not be pathological condition, but it negatively affects the quality of life. The purpose of the study was to assess the role of socio-demographics on malocclusion and traumatic dental injuries among adolescents. Materials & Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 320 students from government and private schools. Student's in the age range from 13-15 years were included. A structured questionnaire was used to assess demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, frequency of dental visit and tooth brushing, self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment. Index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI) were recorded. Result: The study showed that self-reported orthodontic treatment need was greater among Private school students as compared to Government. IOTN-DHC more severe Grade 4, Grade 3 type of treatment needs were greater among government students. While Grade 1 & Grade 2 type of treatment needs was found to be greater among private students. Grade 5 & Grade 4 type of orthodontic treatment needs was greater among government students, 83(51.9%) & 48 (30%) as compared to private students, 21(13.1%) & 25(15.6%). While Grade 1, Grade 2 & Grade 3 type of orthodontic treatment needs was lesser among government students, 6(3.8%), 8(5.0%) & 15(9.4%) as compared to private students, 42(26.2%), 49(30.6%) & 23(14.4%) respectively. Complicated type of dental injury was greater among government students. Conclusion: The study indicates the presence of socio demographic gradient in orthodontic treatment need and Traumatic dental injuries.
Abstract Background On January 9 th 2014, a faulty storage tank leaked 10,000 gal of an industrial coal processing liquid into the Elk River in West Virginia (WV), contaminating the drinking water of the nine counties collectively known as the Kanawha Valley. The aim of this study was to 1) explore how and when people obtained information about the water contamination and 2) understand how individual and social factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, timing of information, trust in government, and risk perception influenced compliance with recommended behaviours and the public's views on the need for environmental regulations. Methods Between February 7–26, 2014, a survey was conducted of adult residents of West Virginia including geographic areas affected and non-affected by the chemical spill. The total population-based sample size was 690 and the survey was administered online. Descriptive statistics and multivariate statistical models were created to determine what factors influenced compliance and public opinions. Results Findings from this study show that, during the 2014 West Virginia water crisis, information about water contamination spread quickly, as 73 % of survey respondents across the state and 89 % within the affected counties reported they heard about the incident the same day it occurred. Most people received the information promptly, understood what happened, and understood what to do to prevent exposure to the contaminant. The majority of respondents living in affected counties (70 %) followed the recommended behaviours. Among participants who voiced an opinion on the role of government in environmental regulations, the majority of respondents (54 %) reported there is "too little regulation." Conclusion Data from this study show that a higher perception of risk and timely receipt of information are associated with compliance with recommended behaviours, underlying the importance of releasing information to the public as quickly as possible during a crisis. This study also highlights the importance of coordinating risk communication activities beyond the area of the incident to assure public understanding of what measures are recommended, which are not and where.