Suchergebnisse

The Austrian School of Economics has always taken a deep interest in methodological issues, and has used its methodological re. ections to build substantive theories towards explaining the role of knowledge in economic life. This 'double' interest for knowledge within the Austrian School can be traced back at least to Alfred Schutz's 1932 thesis The Phenomenology of the Social World, which was written within the context of the Ludwig von Mises' seminar group. A central idea in this thesis is that conceptualizations in the social sciences are of a second-order nature, since they build on the conceptualizations already formed by social actors in their everyday lives about other social actors. In this article I try to trace how Alfred Schutz's writings on scienti.c and everyday knowledge were in.uenced by and in turn in.uenced Austrian economists, including Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek, Oskar Morgenstern, and Fritz Machlup. Furthermore, I raise the question of why Alfred Schutz himself as well as Fritz Machlup took an apologetic stance towards neoclassical economics, while Friedrich Hayek and Oskar Morgenstern were much more critical of the orthodoxy. In answering this question I argue that while Schutz and Machlup both defended equilibrium economics based on a conventionalist–instrumentalist view, Hayek and to some degree Morgenstern proposed to build more process-oriented models relying on a realist view of scienti.c explanations.

As neoinstitutionalism gained a foothold in economics, as did rational choice theory in sociology, during the late 1970s & early 1980s, a closer relationship between the two disciplines began to develop. A competence-based view of the firm that attempts to synthesize transaction cost theory & evolutionary theory is presented to illustrate how economists & sociologists might learn even more from one another. How Philip Selznick's (1957) sociological theory of leadership -- particularly his criticism of the adaptationist paradigm in organizational theory -- may help clarify some of the conceptual problems remaining in a competence-based view of the firm is also discussed. 1 Table. M. Maguire

This book explores a new theory of the firm produced through an exchange between management theory and economics. In the process economics is seen to provide a foundational element for strategy research whilst developing a more realistic theory of the firm with a greater emphasis on its internal features. The success of competence theories of the firm also reflects their ability to explain significant trends in the business world, notably the declining importance of conglomerates and critical features in the success of Asian and Japanese business

Between October 2001 and the end of 2003 there was a close co-operation between the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and the Geological Survey Department of Ghana (GSD), as part of a project to enhance GSD's institutional capabilities and effectiveness, mainly in the fields of management, geological mapping, map production and data handling. During this period a team of geologists, GIS (Geographic Information System) and database experts as well as administrative staff from GEUS have visited GSD, and GSD officers have visited GEUS in Copenhagen. The main obstacles to GSD becoming an effective organisation are its status as a department under the Ghana Ministry of Mines, insufficient funding by the government, and poor remuneration of its professional staff. To overcome these obstacles, attempts are being made to change the status of GSD from a 'civil servant organisation' into a semiautonomous institution, which will permit the Survey to generate funding for its core activities by providing services to outside organisations, and pay better salaries to its personnel. Despite many problems, geological mapping has been resumed and three new geological maps have been produced by GSD during the project and stored in GIS format. A mapping manual has been prepared, and the structure and 'Mission and Vision Statements' for the Survey have been revised.

The mineral rutile (TiO2) is a major ore of titanium, which is used in products such as white pigment and titanium metal. The global consumption of titanium minerals in 2011 was c. 6.7 million tonnes of which 0.7 million tonnes were rutile and 6 million tonnes ilmenite (TiFeO3). Rutile is almost pure TiO2 and therefore more valuable than ilmenite (c. 1500 $/t and 300$/t, respectively). Compared with ilmenite, rutile can be processed with lower consumption of chemicals and yields less waste products. Rutile was mined in Cameroon between 1935 and 1955 when a total of 15000 tonnes of rutile were extracted from alluvial deposits. The French Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières conducted a drilling programme in Cameroon in the 1980s which identified c.2.6 million tonnes of rutile in discontinuous occurrences with concentrations of c. 1%. Most of the occurrences are located in small- to medium-sized riverbeds with a thickness of 1.5–4.5 m. The main alluvial rutile area is located around the town of Akonolinga, 80 km east of Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon (Fig. 1). The rutile in the alluvial deposits was derived from the bedrock by weathering, and at some sites major, residual rutile deposits are reported from Quaternary lateritic deposits. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland conducted a project together with the Institut de Recherches Géologiques et Minières in Cameroon to gain a better understanding of how rutile formed in the bedrock before it was weathered out and try to tie the rutile in the alluvial deposits to its source rocks. This is done by studying the compositional variation of the rutile in the alluvial deposits and comparing it with possible bedrock sources. The compositional variation of ilmenite and monazite ((La,Ce)PO4)) and the age distribution of zircon (ZrSiO4) in alluvial sand and bedrock were also investigated. The chemical compositions of minerals in the sediments are used to infer the bedrock source of the minerals. This has particular application in many areas of Cameroon, such as the southern part of the country which is characterised by low relief and dense rain forest with bedrock outcrops that are sparse and difficult to find. Cameroon is a country in west central Africa (Fig. 1) and is called 'Africa in miniature' because of its cultural, geological and landscape diversity. The landscape includes beaches, deserts, mountains, rain forests and savanna. The highest point is the active volcano Mount Cameroon (4095 m), and the country is home for over 200 different linguistic groups with French and English as the official languages. Compared with other African countries, Cameroon is politically and socially stable. The country covers an area of 475442 km2 with a population of c. 20 million of which 70% are Christians and 20% Muslims.