In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 45, Heft 2, S. 126-127
Aims: Despite many efforts by support groups, mental health professionals and health care policy-makers, a stigmatization of psychiatry as a specialty and of mentally ill people is still prevalent in the general population. Earlier studies have shown that the stigma is prevalent even among psychiatric professionals and students of medicine and psychology. However, past studies on this issue often used questionnaires with a limited validity. Also questionnaires do not necessarily allow a neutral assessment of the underlying concepts of the student. Methods: In this study 133 students were asked to create mind maps on psychiatry. Results: In a systematic evaluation (based on a consensus of psychiatric concepts) of 1353 concepts we found non-specific associations (N = 431) and five main categories: (i) illness scirpts (n = 487); (ii) therapeutic concepts (n = 241), (iii) and (iv) stigma and forensic psychiatry (81 mentions each); and (v) psychopathology (n = 32). Stigma-associated negative concepts were more prevalent than positive connotations. Conclusions: Overall, it was shown that mind maps can be used with ease and quantified according to constructivist learning theory to explore disease concepts without the need for predefined or poorly validated questionnaires. ; Zielsetzung: Trotz vieler Bemühungen, u. a. von Selbsthilfegruppen, der Fachgesellschaft und der Gesundheitspolitik gibt es in der Allgemeinbevölkerung immer noch eine Stigmatisierung der Psychiatrie als Fachgebiet. Frühere Untersuchungen zeigten, dass auch in der Psychiatrie tätige Menschen und Studierende der Medizin und Psychologie stigmatisierenden Äußerungen zustimmen. Zur genaueren Betrachtung wurden in der Vergangenheit jedoch meist Fragebögen verwendet, die eine begrenzte Validität haben und nicht zwangsläufig eine neutrale Beurteilung der zugrundeliegenden Konzepte der Studierenden erlauben.Methodik: In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 133 Studierende gebeten, Mind-Maps zum Thema Psychiatrie zu erstellen. Ergebnisse: In der systematischen ...
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 43, Heft 3, S. 296-299
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 42, Heft 2, S. 103-107
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 46, Heft 2, S. 214-216
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 45, Heft 3, S. 237-240
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 38, Heft 1, S. 40-44
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 46, Heft Supplement 1, S. i11-i12
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 46, Heft Supplement 1, S. i9-i10
Although addiction develops in a considerable number of regular cocaine users, molecular risk factors for cocaine dependence are still unknown. It was proposed that establishing drug use and memory formation might share molecular and anatomical pathways. Alpha-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (alpha CaMKII) is a key mediator of learning and memory also involved in drug-related plasticity. the autophosphorylation of aCaMKII was shown to accelerate learning. Thus, we investigated the role of aCaMKII autophosphorylation in the time course of establishing cocaine use-related behavior in mice. We found that alpha CaMKII autophosphorylation-deficient alpha CaMKIIT286A mice show delayed establishment of conditioned place preference, but no changes in acute behavioral activation, sensitization or conditioned hyperlocomotion to cocaine (20 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal). in vivo microdialysis revealed that alpha CaMKIIT286A mice have blunted dopamine (DA) and blocked serotonin (5-HT) responses in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and prefrontal cortex after acute cocaine administration (20 mg kg(-1), intraperitoneal), whereas noradrenaline responses were preserved. Under cocaine, the attenuated DA and 5-HT activation in alpha CaMKIIT286A mice was followed by impaired c-Fos activation in the NAcc. To translate the rodent findings to human conditions, several CAMK2A gene polymorphisms were tested regarding their risk for a fast establishment of cocaine dependence in two independent samples of regular cocaine users from Brazil (n = 688) and Switzerland (n = 141). A meta-analysis across both samples confirmed that CAMK2A rs3776823 TT-allele carriers display a faster transition to severe cocaine use than C-allele carriers. Together, these data suggest that alpha CaMKII controls the speed for the establishment of cocaine's reinforcing effects. ; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London ; Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Medical Research Council, UK ; European Union ; FP7 project IMAGEMEND (IMAging GEnetics for MENtal Disorders) ; Innovative Medicine Initiative Project EU-AIMS ; Medical Research Council ; Swedish funding agency FORMAS ; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Olga Mayenfisch Foundation ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Social Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr, MRC, London, England ; Univ Nottingham, Sch Med, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Nottingham, England ; Univ Zurich, Hosp Psychiat, Dept Psychiat Psychotherapy & Psychosomat, Zurich, Switzerland ; Kings Coll London, Inst Psychiat, Ctr Cellular Basis Behav, London, England ; Univ Clin Erlangen, Dept Child & Adolescent Mental Hlth, Erlangen, Germany ; Islamic Azad Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran ; Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Translat Res Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ; Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, Dept & Inst Psychiat, São Paulo, Brazil ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIAD, São Paulo, Brazil ; Univ Bonn, Dept Psychiat, Bonn, Germany ; Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIAD, São Paulo, Brazil ; European Union: LSHM-CT-2007-037286 ; Innovative Medicine Initiative Project EU-AIMS: 115300-2 ; Medical Research Council: 93558 ; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF): 01EV0711 ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF): PP00P1-123516/1 ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF): PP00P1-146326/1 ; Web of Science
In: Alcohol and alcoholism: the international journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism (MCA) and the journal of the European Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ESBRA), Band 46, Heft Supplement 1, S. i33-i35
16 páginas, 5 figuras ; Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease. ; The present work has been performed as part of the doctoral program of I. de Rojas at the Universitat de Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain) supported by national grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FI20/00215. The Genome Research @ Fundació ACE project (GR@ACE) is supported by Grifols SA, Fundación bancaria "La Caixa", Fundació ACE, and CIBERNED. A.R. and M.B. receive support from the European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint undertaking ADAPTED and MOPEAD projects (grant numbers 115975 and 115985, respectively). M.B. and A.R. are also supported by national grants PI13/02434, PI16/01861, PI17/01474, PI19/01240 and PI19/01301. Acción Estratégica en Salud is integrated into the Spanish National R + D + I Plan and funded by ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)—Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER—"Una manera de hacer Europa"). Some control samples and data from patients included in this study were provided in part by the National DNA Bank Carlos III (www.bancoadn.org, University of Salamanca, Spain) and Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme (Sevilla, Spain); they were processed following standard operating procedures with the appropriate approval of the Ethical and Scientific Committee. Amsterdam dementia Cohort (ADC): Research of the Alzheimer center Amsterdam is part of the neurodegeneration research program of Amsterdam Neuroscience. The Alzheimer Center Amsterdam is supported by Stichting Alzheimer Nederland and Stichting VUmc fonds. The clinical database structure was developed with funding from Stichting Dioraphte. Genotyping of the Dutch case-control samples was performed in the context of EADB (European Alzheimer DNA biobank) funded by the JPco-fuND FP-829-029 (ZonMW project number 733051061). 100-Plus study: We are grateful for the collaborative efforts of all participating centenarians and their family members and/or relations. This work was supported by Stichting Alzheimer Nederland (WE09.2014-03), Stichting Diorapthe, horstingstuit foundation, Memorabel (ZonMW project number 733050814, 733050512) and Stichting VUmc Fonds. Genotyping of the 100-Plus Study was performed in the context of EADB (European Alzheimer DNA biobank) funded by the JPco-fuND FP-829-029 (ZonMW project number 733051061). Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) is largely supported by a grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, Directorate of Long-Term Care. The authors are grateful to all LASA participants, the fieldwork team and all researchers for their ongoing commitment to the study. This work was supported by a grant (European Alzheimer DNA BioBank, EADB) from the EU Joint Program—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) and also funded by Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, the Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine, the French government's LABEX DISTALZ program (development of innovative strategies for a transdisciplinary approach to AD). Genotyping of the German case-control samples was performed in the context of EADB (European Alzheimer DNA biobank) funded by the JPco-fuND (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF: 01ED1619A). Full acknowledgments for the studies that contributed data can be found in the Supplementary Note. We thank the numerous participants, researchers, and staff from many studies who collected and contributed to the data. We thank the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) for providing summary results data for these analyses. The investigators within IGAP contributed to the design and implementation of IGAP and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. IGAP was made possible by the generous participation of the control subjects, the patients, and their families. The i–Select chips was funded by the French National Foundation on AD and related disorders. EADI was supported by the LABEX (laboratory of excellence program investment for the future) DISTALZ grant, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université de Lille 2 and the Lille University Hospital. GERAD was supported by the Medical Research Council (Grant n° 503480), Alzheimer's Research UK (Grant n° 503176), the Wellcome Trust (Grant n° 082604/2/07/Z) and German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF): Competence Network Dementia (CND) grant n° 01GI0102, 01GI0711, 01GI0420. CHARGE was partly supported by the NIA/NHLBI grants AG049505, AG058589, HL105756 and AGES contract N01–AG–12100, the Icelandic Heart Association, and the Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University. ADGC was supported by the NIH/NIA grants: U01 AG032984, U24 AG021886, U01 AG016976, and the Alzheimer's Association grant ADGC–10–196728. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank public resource obtained through the University of Edinburg Data Share (https://datashare.is.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/3364). ; Peer reviewed