Suchergebnisse

The leadership of the Third Reich viewed the North-West of Russia as a region that was supposed to become part of "Greater Germany". This determined the specificity of the region. From the summer of 1941 to January 1944, the frontline was not far from both Leningrad and Novgorod. Under the conditions of the Nazi occupation regime, monuments of material culture were to be destroyed; local residents and Soviet prisoners of war were to be killed. From the beginning of autumn 1943, the invaders began the mass deportation of the population of the North-West of Russia to the West, behind the Panther line: to the Baltic states and Germany. Latvian and Estonian collaborators were active assistants of the Nazis in the implementation of their criminal policy.

One of the reasons for the collaboration of Russian citizens with Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War was the desire to improve their material well-being. Holding various administrative positions, they not only carried out the orders of the German command, but also used them for selfish purposes. Burgomaster of the city of Velikiye Luki Ivan Bychkov-Pomortsev was twice called before the court to answer a criminal charge. The Nazis filed the first lawsuit against him in the so-called "new Russian court" for numerous fraudulent schemes and abuse of his official position. The collaborating official justified his actions by his hatred of Jews and Communists and insisted on active assistance to the German command. The second time Bychkov-Pomortsev was convicted by the Soviet court as an active accomplice of the Nazi occupiers.

The article presents the features of partisan justice in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic War. The article considers the activities of partisans and members of the underground to identify collaborators of the Nazi regime. It is noted that the courts of partisan detachments were one of the most effective forms of restoring signs of statehood in the territory occupied by the enemy. Difficulties in organizing the fight against traitors are revealed. It is shown that even in the most partisan environment, it was necessary to carry out prosecution procedures. Precedents of violations of military order and even crimes in partisan formations are noted, and crime prevention measures are presented.

The personality and activity of the outstanding Church and public figure of the Synodal period and the largest Russian Orthodox theologian of the XIX century, Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow and Kolomna (in the world-Vasily Mikhailovich Drozdov, 1782-1867) attracted the attention of pre-revolutionary researchers. The purpose of this article is to try to present the image of Filaret as it was formed in the view of his contemporaries both people.

In the occupied territory of Russia, Nazi propaganda services organized the publication of newspapers and magazines. Special attention was paid to the issue of forming a positive image of Nazi policy towards various Soviet peoples and territories. A significant emphasis was placed on highlighting events in Belarus, a republic bordering the North-West of Russia. The main thesis of Nazi propaganda was the assertion that there was a national revival of a new independent state, freed by German troops from their enslaver-Bolshevism.

The article examines the content of the economic policy of the Nazi occupiers in the north-west of Russia during the Great Patriotic War, in particular, the organization of trade and taxation. Trade under occupation was one of the most important strategies for the survival of the civilian population. The article shows the features of its organization, analyzes market prices. During the occupation, natural commodity exchange flourished in the markets, which allowed the inhabitants of the region to receive food in conditions of famine. A significant decline in the standard of living of the population was caused by the tax policy of the Nazis, requisitions of agricultural products and looting. Both monetary and in-kind taxes were levied from the population.

The article attempts to analyze the main directions of the formation of ideas about the Arctic region as a source of new secular sacredness. Sacredness in this work is understood primarily as a super-significant phenomenon, the interaction with which allows you to form new meanings and values. The transition of humanity from the stage of globalization to the stage of post globalization actualizes a number of issues. The formation of a" new secular sacredness " allows us to solve many of these issues. Such issues include the problem of the formation of new spaces of "networks and flows". These new spaces differ from the "old type" spaces in their mobility, fluidity, and lack of an implicitly organizational beginning. New spaces of "networks and flows" require an "external" source of formation. Sacredness, for a number of reasons described in this work, can be understood not only as a part of religious consciousness, but also as a part of secular culture. This article shows that the main function of the sacred is to encourage a person to overcome the "present state", to overcome himself and the conditions of his existence. The interaction of man with nature and the corresponding social environment in the conditions of the Arctic region itself gives grounds for such «overcoming". At the same time, it is important that the study of the Arctic is a process that directly forms the perception of the world as a space of "peaceful struggle", allowing us to implement the archaic foundations of human culture (and the desire for socialization is one of the oldest foundations of human culture) in socially acceptable and maximally peaceful ways.

The article analyzes the current state of military-historical anthropology, first of all, the principles of development and implementation of the basic principles of the methodology of this scientific branch, and also outlines possible ways of its further development. One of the most important problems facing researchers who have devoted their work to the study of war as an anthropological phenomenon is the construction of a new coordinate system for setting actual research tasks. At present, a new stage in the development of military-historical anthropology is beginning, the stage of forming original methods. The article analyzes the validity of the use of such a concept of modern philosophical anthropology as "no-place", presents the features and heuristic prospects for the transfer of this concept to the sphere of military anthropological knowledge, and outlines possible options for the development of the methodology of military historical anthropology.

During World War II, representatives of almost all the Soviet Republics fought in partisan detachments in the occupied territory of the Leningrad Region. Among them were many representatives of the Central Asian republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Many Leningrad citizens, including relatives of partisans, had been evacuated to Central Asia by that time. However, representatives of Asian workers' collectives came to meet with the partisans. The huge distance, the difference in cultures and even completely different weather conditions did not become an obstacle to those patriots-Turkestanis who joined the resistance forces in the North-West of Russia.