Suchergebnisse

The article presents the theoretical construction, stages of creation and results of psychometric verification of the test questionnaire "Partial positions of personality hardiness" (PPH). Hardiness stands for the ability of an individual to assimilate experience and development during life's difficulties. Partial positions of personality hardiness cover a specific manifestation of the characteristics in different types of hardships, which is implemented in a range of emotional reactions and feelings, the nature of psychological difficulties, mechanisms of assimilation of problem experience, coping strategies and transformation of unpleasant circumstances.

The developed test questionnaire contains 100 statements, distributed on 5 scales of 20 statements each: "hardiness in a situation of stress", "hardiness in a situation of frustration", "hardiness in a situation of conflict", "hardiness in a crisis", "resilience in situations of uncertainty". The algorithm of the original method construction provided for several stages that meet the requirements of modern psychometrics. At the stage of approbation of the test questionnaire its reliability (method of division in half, parallel test, check of independence of results from the personality of the diagnostician), obvious, constructive, convergent; competitive validity (methods of correlation, factor analysis), discriminativeness has been verified. The presence of correlations between the indicators of the PPH test questionnaire and the S. Muddy Test of hardiness (adapted by D. Leontiev, O. Rasskazova) indicates that the developed method measures the same psychological quality as the reference test, but low (from 0.20 to 0.30) and average (from 0.30 to 0.50) values of correlation coefficients indicate that the new method has different theoretical construction grounds. Comparison of data between the test-questionnaire of PPH and parallel tests ("Test-questionnaire of indicators' diagnostics of psychological crisis experience" (PE) (O. Sannikova, I. Brynza), and a method of "Self-assessment of mental states according to G. Eysenck") showed existence of negative correlations between of the majority of comparative methods' indicators of (p≤0.01; p≤0.05).

The results of approbation approved the conformity of the created method in accordance with psychometric requirements, which allows to use it both for scientific and practical purposes.

The paper deals with the problems of studying, explaining and interpreting the social functions of higher education. In this context, the reproduction of the cultural system is the key issue. The problems of this social function of education are determined from the standpoint of the structural and functional analysis which considers the education system as the initial principle of social and cultural approach. The study demonstrates the shortcomings of the simplified structural and functional analysis of higher education. The research is based on general and specific scientific research methods, including the above-mentioned structural and functional approach, and the techniques which are typical for the study of social institutions and processes. The key findings of the research demonstrate that the qualification function of higher education is justified as a reproduction of the cultural system that is to be implemented and assimilated in order to ensure the participation of modern people in public life.