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Introduction -- Water and soil, blood and oil demarcating the frontiers of Australia, Indonesia and Timor-Leste / David Dixon -- From laggards to leaders the evolving role of the private actors in the international climate regime / Charlotte Streck -- Shared responsibility or institutional accountability? Continuing conceptual and enforcement issues for grievance mechanisms of public and private international finance institutions / David M. Ong -- International law obligations of states in undelimited maritime frontier areas / Robin Churchill -- A new frontier in the law of the sea? Responding to the implications of sea level rise for baselines, limits and boundaries / Clive Schofield -- Climate change and sea level rise nature of the state and of state extinction / Seokwoo Lee and Lowell Bautista -- The frontier in the historical development of the international law of the sea / Tullio Scovazzi.

Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) identifies the major issues at stake in the BBNJ negotiations and examines the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. This timely volume offers cutting edge contributions from leading global experts on access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources; environmental impact assessments; capacity building and transfer of technology as well as Arctic environmental issues including security and shipping. Cross-cutting themes including the potential impact on existing legal frameworks and instruments are also explored. Readership: All those interested in current issues related to the Law of the Sea.

The main focus of this book is a review of how the Common Fisheries Policy is enforced throughout the Community, with a discussion of its successes and failures. Topics include the various rules and policies to be enforced; the enforcement authorities in the Member States and their activities and strategies; the role of the Commission and its approach to enforcement; new developments in fisheries control; the costs of enforcement; and problem fisheries and non compliance generally.

Intro -- The Marine Environment and United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life below Water -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Featured Remarks -- The Marine Environment and UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 -- Biodiversity Studies -- UNCLOS 35 Years Later: We Are Still at Sea -- Revisiting the Law of the Sea Negotiations -- Part 1: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Oceans and Their Resources -- 1 Promoting the Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Oceans through Cooperative Decision Making -- 2 The Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity: Siamese Twins? -- 3 Toward Seafood Resilience: How to Achieve Sustainable Fisheries Development -- 4 Future Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Sustainable Offshore Indonesian Fisheries -- Part 2: Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction -- 5 Bridging the Ocean, Water and Climate Action Goals under the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development -- 6 Realising Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use in Southern Hemisphere Oceans beyond National Jurisdiction: Challenges and Prospects -- 7 The BBNJ PrepCom and Institutional Arrangements: The Hype about the Hybrid Approach -- 8 The Legal Framework and Relevant Issues on the Marine Protected Areas in the Areas beyond National Jurisdiction -- 9 Marine Genetic Resources beyond National Jurisdiction and Sustainable Development Goals: The Perspective of Developing Countries -- Part 3: Status of Deep Seabed Minerals -- 10 Status of Deep Seabed Minerals: Introductory Remarks -- 11 Efforts to Enhance Deep Seabed Activities and Korean Law on Exploration for and Exploitation of Resources in the Deep Seabed Area -- 12 The Role of Science for Environmental Impact Evaluation Resulting from Ocean Mining

Interpretation of UNCLOS Article 121 and Itu Aba (Taiping) in the South China Sea Arbitration Award / Myron H. Nordquist and William G. Phalen -- Potential Global Economic Impacts of Ocean Acidification / Stephen A. Macko, Christina Fantasia and Guifang (Julia) Xue -- Legal Problems of the Northern Sea Route Exploitation: Brief Analysis of the Legislation of the Russian Federation / Tatiana Sorokina and William G. Phalen -- IMO and the Arctic : Developments since Bergen in 2014 / J. Ashley Roach -- Arctic Continental Shelf of the Russian Federation beyond 200 Nautical Miles : Initial Prospect of Sustainable Regulation / Rustambek M. Nurimbetov -- The Legal Framework for High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean / Tomas Heidar -- Arctic Ocean Fisheries and Korea / Jee Hyun Choi -- Conservation of Marine Living Resources in the Central Arctic Ocean : Five Arctic Coastal States' Initiatives / Jianye Tang -- The Forthcoming Breakthrough: China's Legislation on Activities in the Deep Seabed Area / Jiancai Jin and Guobin Zhang -- The Due Diligence Obligation of a Sponsoring State : A Framework for Implementation / Elana Geddis -- The Grey Area in the Bay of Bengal Case / Jin-Hyun Paik -- Separate Lines: Challenges and Opportunities of Differentiated : Seabed and Water Column Boundaries / Leonardo Bernard and Clive Schofield -- Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas beyond National Jurisdiction : Time to Chart a New Course? / David Freestone and Viva Harris -- The Antarctic Whaling Case and the International Law on the Regulation of Whaling / Dan Liu.

The lack of international conventional law governing the operational aspects of continental shelf activity may be characterized as unfinished business of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The Convention, adopted in 1982, generally addressed the issue but did not consider more detailed development of the legal regime for the continental shelf. In The Regulation of Continental Shelf Development: Rethinking International Standards, leading experts from around the world identify and explore a multitude of the unresolved legal concerns related to the continental shelf. The varied voices of e

Front Matter -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Featured Papers -- Conference Opening Remarks /Jan Eliasson -- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: One of the Greatest Achievements in the International Rule of Law /John Norton Moore -- Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea at the un -- Evolutionary Character of International and European Law: Linking Sustainability with Environmental Responsibility and Marine Ecosystem Restoration under the European Union's Ocean Governance Agenda /Ronán Long -- The Common Heritage of Mankind in the Proposed Implementing Agreement* /Dire Tladi -- Update on the bbnj Negotiations /J. Ashley Roach -- Climate Change and the Oceans: Navigating Legal Orders /Karen N. Scott -- The Area and the International Seabed Authority -- Exploration and Exploitation of Ocean Mineral Resources: The Role of Sponsoring States /Rena Lee -- unclos Article 82: A Review and the Hurdles to Implementation /Wylie Spicer, Q.C. and Elizabeth McIsaac -- Fostering Technological Change for Sustainable Harvesting of Ocean Mineral Resources in a Volatile Global Environment /Kris Van Nijen -- The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea -- itlos at Twenty: Reflections on Its Contribution to Dispute Settlement and the Rule of Law at Sea* /Jin-Hyun Paik -- The Seabed Disputes Chamber: Moving Forward /Frida M. Armas-Pfirter -- Maritime Boundary Disputes and Compulsory Dispute Settlement: Recent Developments and Unresolved Issues /Robert Beckman and Christine Sim -- The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf -- Setting the Context: The Scientific Aspects of Article 76 /Larry Mayer and David Mosher -- Towards Establishing a Stable Regime for Seabed Jurisdiction: The Role of the Commission /Harald Brekke -- Revisiting the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: "A Technical Body in a Political World" /Ted L. McDorman -- Paragraph 5(a) of Annex i to the Rules of Procedure of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: Solution to a Problem or Problem without a Solution? /Alex Oude Elferink -- Sustainable Fisheries, Including un Fish Stocks Agreement -- Sustainable Fisheries: The Legal Regime of the 1995 United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement and Its Contribution to Subsequent Developments Promoting Sustainable Fisheries /André Tahindro -- Ocean Governance for Sustainable Fisheries /Stefaan Depypere -- The Importance of Marine Science in Sustainable Fisheries: The Role of the 1995 un Fish Stocks Agreement /Alf Håkon Hoel -- Operational Implementation: Maritime Compliance and Enforcement -- Achieving Global Maritime Compliance through Regional Cooperation /Admiral Charles D. Michel and Commander Scott Herman -- Turkey's Maritime Compliance and Enforcement of International Law of the Sea, Particularly Irregular Migration in the Aegean Sea Region /Hakan Karan -- Operating Unmanned Surface Vessels at Sea: Is International Law Ready for the Future? /Anthony Morrison and Stuart Kaye -- China's Maritime Law Enforcement Practice in the South China Sea: Challenges and Prospects /Shicun WU.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- 1 Notes on Challenges of the Changing Arctic: Continental Shelf, Navigation, and Fisheries /Liv Holmefjord -- 2 The Arctic and the Present Geopolitical Situation /Hans Corell -- 3 The Arctic Continental Shelf and Its Evolving Morphologic Context /Larry Mayer -- 4 The Law and Politics of the Lomonosov Ridge /Michael Byers -- 5 The Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles in the Arctic Ocean: Recent Developments, Applicable Law and Possible Outcomes /Alex G. Oude Elferink -- 6 Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Concepts and Applications /Dennis C. Bley -- 7 Russia's Energy Policy in the Arctic Region and China's Opportunities /Kuen-chen FU -- 8 A Sustainable Approach to the Arctic /Erik Haaland -- 9 Environmental Aspects of Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Arctic /Stephen A. Macko -- 10 Arctic Shipping—Still Icy /Knut Einar Skodvin -- 11 Necessary Conditions for the Commercialization of Arctic Shipping /Sung Woo LEE -- 12 Arctic Navigation: Recent Developments /J. Ashley Roach -- 13 Comparison of Arctic Navigation Administration between Russia and Canada /Leilei ZOU -- 14 Finding Refuge in the Exceptional: Using Public Morality as a Basis for Managing Natural Resources in the Arctic /Elizabeth Whitsitt -- 15 The Changing Arctic and an Adaptive Approach to the Protection of Arctic Marine Ecosystems /Guifang (Julia) XUE and Yu LONG -- 16 Arctic Governance: Reflections on the Evolving Tableau of EU Law and Policy Measures /Ronán Long -- 17 A Note on Arctic Ocean Regional Governance /Ted L. McDorman -- 18 Changes in Distribution and Migration of Fish Stocks in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean Due to Climate Variations /Jóhann Sigurjónsson -- 19 International Regulation of Central Arctic Ocean Fisheries /Erik J. Molenaar -- 20 Assertion of Entitlement to Shared Fish Stocks /Bjørn Kunoy -- 21 Freedom of Fishing on the High Seas, and the Relevance of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) /Stefán Ásmundsson -- 22 Allocation of Fishing Rights: Principles and Alternative Procedures /Tore Henriksen -- 23 Managing Shared Migratory Stocks: The Case of the Atlantic Mackerel /Rögnvaldur Hannesson -- 24 UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Regime and Arctic Legal Issues /Robert Beckman -- 25 Russian Maritime Security Law along the Northern Sea Route: Giving Shape to Article 234 in the Law of the Sea Convention /James Kraska -- 26 Comments on the Three-stage Approach of Maritime Delimitation /Chuanxiang SUN.

This article analyses three different cases of assisted marine restoration in Europe to understand how governance and legal aspects enable or constrain marine restoration in practice. The aim of this article is to enhance understanding of the enabling and constraining conditions of the governance of marine ecological restoration. To understand the governance of marine restoration, we use the concepts of governance arrangement and institutionalization. A marine restoration governance arrangement consists of different coalitions of public and private actors, who—through their different ways of conceptualizing and understanding the problem (discourses)—try to influence and design the marine restoration activities and initiatives, the managing of often shared, limited resources, and defining rules of the game (on different levels). Institutionalization refers to the production and reproduction of governance arrangements. This article gives insight in the governance arrangements of three cases: artificial habitat as in the Rigs‐to‐Reefs debate, in the context of North Sea oil and gas decommissioning, and restoration of key sedimentary and hard natural habitats of the fan mussel (Pinna nobilis) and red coral (Corallium rubrum) cases in the Mediterranean. The analysis shows how discourses shape the arrangements that currently govern the decommissioning of obsolete oil and gas structures in the North Sea, and the protection and management of two emblematic and endangered species in the Mediterranean. Based on the analysis we formulated enabling and constraining conditions for the institutionalization of "active restoration" governance arrangements, resulting in recommendations for how to strengthen restoration in policies and legislation. ; This article analyses three different cases of assisted marine restoration in Europe to understand how governance and legal aspects enable or constrain marine restoration in practice. The aim of this article is to enhance understanding of the enabling and constraining conditions of ...