Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- Globalisation -- The Regulation of International Trade: The Multilateral System; Theories, Qualifications, History and Objectives -- The Uruguay Round Agreements -- Dispute Settlement in the GATT 1947 and the WTO -- DSU Review -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index.
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In: Martin , M 2018 , ' Keeping it Real: Debunking the Deglobalization Myth, Brexit, and Trump:-"Lessons" on Integration ' , Journal of International Trade Law and Policy , vol. 17 , no. 1/2 , pp. 62-68 . https://doi.org/10.1108/JITLP-06-2017-0020
Purpose: The recent vote for Britain to exit the European Union and the election of Donald Trump as the President of the USA has been described as events that bring an end to globalization and indeed seen as a reversal of the globalization process. A possible reason for this is that both choices are thought to be premised on inward-looking objectives rather than having global objectives. This paper aims to offer an opinion that this view is flawed. This is because integration, which is used to approach globalization, is not a one-way process seeking greater levels of integration, but rather a tool to address global challenges, which will involve making choices on the degree of integration that is thought necessary at a particular time. In other words, based on what is perceived as necessary at a given time, selective interconnectivity is used to reflect the level of integration desired. Owing to the degree of global income inequality, a high degree of integration will pose difficulties as a shift in production centres. Further, immigration will bring not only economic but also socio-cultural and political implications in even the economically strongest nations. Design/methodology/approach: The paper considers the definition of integration to justify why there are limits placed on the level of integration. In this regard, when the position of individual components is so unequal, there will be limits put on levels of integration due to economic, socio-cultural, and political concerns. Findings: Delocalization does not exist. The Brexit vote and President Trump's Presidential bid success are all part of the globalization process, where from time to time, the levels of integration will slow down. This does not suggest backtracking on globalization. Research limitations/implications: The discussion and analysis in this paper are significant as they offer an unexplored perspective into current discussions on the Brexit vote and President Trump's election into office. The discussion and analysis are rigorous in that they are precise and robust in examining the historical evolution to the international trading system to explain why the predominant view on deglobalization is a misunderstanding of the matters that influence globalization and integration. Practical implications: The paper offers a practical and logical explanation to concerns regarding what is termed as deglobalization by providing an analysis and insight into the current global challenges, in particular income inequality, as an environment within which choices have to be made. Social implications: In the discussion, subsequent to Trump's successful bid for US presidency and the Brexit vote, there has been a frenzy in opinions regarding the implications of these milestones. This paper debunks the exaggerations offered by explaining how and why these milestones are nothing new by examining the history of the international trading system. Originality/value: This paper is original as it offers a fresh perspective on the deglobalization debate. It provides a discussion from the global income inequality perspective to explain why and how important are global challenges upon domestic choices and how this, in turn, relates to globalization and integration.
In: Shadman-Pajouh , M & Martin , M 2014 , ' The Impact of Culture on Globalisation and Role of Women in Management: The case of the Iranian Hotel Industry ' , Paper presented at International Conference on Advances in Social Science, Economics and Human Behavior 2014 , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , 8/03/14 - 9/03/14 .
Globalisation manifests in three main dimensions; economic, cultural and political (Martin and Shademan Pajouh, 2011). It has become a contentious political and economic issue changing the way people live and work (Martin, 2013). Whilst it is true that "globalisation" is "everywhere" the extent of its impact varies between countries, and Iran is a good example of a country which has generally been less exposed to the globalisation process. Globalisation naturally affects some industries more than others and one aspect of Iran exposed to globalisation is its tourist industry. Although Iran has tremendous heritage, its tourism sector has not fully benefitted as such, due to Iran"s relationship with the West, its location in a region of ongoing tension and conflict, as well as negative media coverage of the country. There is almost no literature on the impact of globalisation in Iran (Pawan, 2001; Namazie, 2007), but it seems wholly unlikely that a country like Iran, could be unaffected by globalisation (Dastmalchian, 2001).This study considers the role of women in senior management in the Iranian hotel sector against the backdrop of globalisation.