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Islam has become an important symbol in post-Suharto Indonesia, and political figures or parties feel they cannot afford to be seen to be against the religion or be considered unfriendly to it. Islamism emerges to challenge Pancasila (or cultural pluralism) again. Islamists already challenged Pancasila soon after Indonesian independence. But during that initial era under Sukarno, this challenge was already under control. Under Suharto, Pancasila as an ideology was effectively used to govern Indonesia, and political Islam was suppressed. However, Suharto began to co-opt Islamic political leaders during the last decade of his rule. Religious Islam grew significantly during the Suharto era and would gradually transform itself into political Islam after Suharto's fall. Nevertheless, the electoral strength of 'Islamic political parties' remained relatively low. But since then, Islam has been used as an effective tool to undermine political rivals. The pluralists who are now in power continue to promote Pancasila, and combining with moderate Islamic organizations and through laws and regulations, have tried to hinder the further development of Islamist organizations. The future of Pancasila depends on whether the Indonesian government and other pluralist forces are able to control the Islamists and provide political stability and economic development in the country.

Preface -- part I. Understanding Beijing's policy -- 1. The rise of China and the Chinese overseas -- 2. The Chinese overseas and the "Overseas Chinese Affairs Office" -- 3. China's foreign policy vis-áa-vis the Chinese overseas -- part II. Responses to external events -- 4. Non-intervention : the 1998 anti-Chinese violence in Indonesia -- 5. Direct protection : examples from South Pacific, the Middle East and Africa -- 6. Effective protection? The 2014 anti-China/Chinese riots in Vietnam -- 7. From non-intervention to intervention? The "nude squat" episode and Chinese ambassador saga in Malaysia -- 8. To help or not to help? The Kokang Chinese problem in Myanmar -- part III. Responses to internal needs -- 9. The use of Chinese transnationalism : the Sichuan earthquake and the Beijing Olympic Games -- 10. Direct control? Beijing and the world Chinese entrepreneurs conference -- 11. "One belt one road" strategy and the Chinese overseas -- 12. Beijing's soft power bid : promotion of the Chinese language and Confucius Institutes -- part IV. New policy and its impact -- 13. Beijing's new policy : a return to Chinese transnationalism? -- 14. The impact of Beijing's changing policy

This book addresses the rise of China and its impact on Southeast Asia's economies and businesses, especially on those of ethnic Chinese. It also discusses Southeast Asian government policies, particularly their economic and business policies, towards local Chinese, and Southeast Asian Chinese businesses, both conglomerates and SMEs, in an era of globalization. Leading experts from the Southeast Asian region were invited to write the papers, presenting the most up-to-date analyses on the subj

The opening of relations between China and Malacca, 1403-05 / Wang Gungwu -- The first three rulers of Malacca / Wang Gungwu -- Did Zheng He set out to colonize Southeast Asia? / Tan Ta Sen -- Chinese element in the Islamization of Southeast Asia, a study of the story of Njai Gede Pinatih, the Great Lady of Gresik / Tan Yeok Seong -- Zheng He, Semarang and the Islamization of Java / Leo Suryadinata -- A celebration of diversity, Zheng He and the origin of pre-colonial coastal urban pattern in Southeast Asia / Johannes Widodo -- Notes relating to Admiral Cheng Ho's expeditions / Hsu Yun-Ts'iao -- Did Admiral Cheng Ho visit the Philippines? / Hsu Yun-Ts'iao -- Longyamen is Singapore / Chung Chee Kit.

Pt. 1: Population and society Pt. 2: Politics, identity and education Pt. 3: Culture and entrepreneurship Pt. 4: Religion Pt. 5: Literature