Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Erosion of Biological Diversity -- 2. The Ubiquitous Waste and Growing Scarcity of Water and Soil -- 3. Energy: As Little as Possible -- 4. Perspectives on Climate Change -- 5. Enlisting the Scientific Method -- 6. Sustainability at the Intersection of Science and Nature -- 7. Scientific Uncertainty, Fabricated Uncertainty, and the Vulnerability of Regulation -- 8. Producing and Disseminating Sustainability-Enhancing Innovations -- 9. Economic Instruments for Sustainable Development -- 10. Global Governance of Sustainable Development -- 11. The Geopolitics of Environment -- 12. The New Multipolarity of Sustainable Development -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index.

This is volume 3 of a three-volume final report which describes, synthesizes and analyzes the four-year Integrated Research Project CIRCE - Climate Change and Impact Research: Mediterranean Environment. Quantifies the physical impacts of climate change.

This is volume 2 of a three-volume final report which thoroughly describes, synthesizes and analyzes the results of the four-year Integrated Research Project CIRCE - Climate Change and Impact Research: Mediterranean Environment, funded by the EU 6th Framework Programme. Conducted under the auspices of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Rome, Italy, CIRCE was designed to predict and to quantify the physical impacts of climate change in the Mediterranean, and to assess the most influential consequences for the region's population. This volume incorporates Parts 3 and 4 of the report, reviewing current knowledge of observed climate variability and trends in the Mediterranean, and including descriptions of available temperature and precipitation station and gridded data sets. Part 3 is devoted to ecosystem services, and discusses projected climate changes and impacts in the Mediterranean, including an analysis of land use changes and a vulnerability assessment of possible changes under greenhouse concentration scenarios, estimating uncertainties, detecting and attributing past and present changes, understanding mechanisms and evaluating their relevance in the problem of climate change. Part 4 offers an overview of water resources, and reviews the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle of the region, by means of analyses of socio-economic impacts of climate change in the region.Volume 1, subtitled Air, Sea and Precipitation, comprises Parts 1 and 2 of the report, which reviews current knowledge of observed climate variability and trends in the Mediterranean, and includes descriptions of available temperature and precipitation stationVolume 3 presents case studies performed in CIRCE, representing urban, rural and coastal environments and drawn from the north and the south of the Mediterranean shore.Regional Assessment of Climate Change in the Mediterranean represents a research initiative of unprecedented size and scope. Each volume is carefully constructed to stand alone, offering a wealth of information and insight. Beyond its own significant value, the report is expected to contribute to a rapidly expanding body of research and analysis on the topic

Résumé La mise à l'agenda international de la question environnementale est récente. Elle peut être datée du début des années 1970. En moins de trente ans, une série de dispositifs et d'injonctions collectives se sont mises en place en modifiant pour partie l'organisation de la recherche, les actions publiques et privées, les comportements individuels et collectifs. Le point d'orgue de la coordination internationale a sans doute été le sommet de la Terre de Rio et l'adoption de la notion de développement durable comme horizon normatif en construction. Un contrecoup « réaliste » est pourtant perceptible qui met en cause le traitement de l'objectif substantiel environnemental par la coordination internationale.

Dans le domaine de l'agriculture, les accords du GATT signés en 1995 accentuent la compétition entre l'Europe et les Etats-Unis, créant les conditions d'une diminution des prix à long terme. La mise en oeuvre progressive de la nouvelle politique agricole commune provoque une baisse de la production céréalière européenne et une hausse des prix mondiaux. Les pays en développement doivent ajuster leur politique agricole. La plupart sont en phase d'ajustement strucutrel et de libéralisation interne et tous doivent faire face à la libéralisation internationale. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur les enjeux de cette nouvelle donne mondiale, et particulièrement pour la recherche agricole et sur l'impact des accords du GATT sur le secteur agricole des pays d'Afrique subsaharienne