Suchergebnisse

This article describes the mechanisms of formation of political elites that led to their ascension to the highest tier of the power hierarchy in post-Soviet Georgia. In work, in the process of theoretical analysis, drawing on empirical material, thematically describes the mechanisms of formation and recruitment of elites in example 4 of the ruling political elites, mobilized, and consolidated around, Z. Gamsakhurdia, Е. Shevardnadze, М. Saakashvili and nicknamed the "informal leader" of Georgia B. Ivanishvili. These ruling political elites differed from each other in terms of ideological and value orientations defining different paths of a hierarchical ascent to the highest stages of power structures of the modern independent Georgia. This article uses two-level form of analysis. In the first case, attention is paid to theoretical aspects of mechanisms of change of government, such as elections and saturated with elements of the coup, a revolution. In the second case, the focus has shifted to the synthesis of theoretical components and the study of empirical and factual issues of this material. The paper also contains an analysis of the factors that contributed to the formation of counter-elite in opposition to the ruling political elite. Also describes the patterns of political behavior that are counter-elite used to gain power. In the process of climbing the political forces irreconcilable opposition to the highest level of the political hierarchy, they often went beyond the permissible scope of legal and constitutional norms, achieving their political goals revolution and "revolution." In turn, the ruling political elite tried using the levers of power through authoritarian methods and illegal mechanisms of the state machine, in order to preserve themselves as the ruling political elite within the transformed political system ; В данной статье рассмотрены механизмы формирования политических элит, обусловившие восшествие их на высшую ступень властной иерархии в постсоветской Грузии. В труде, в процессе теоретического анализа, проведённого с опорой на эмпирические материалы, тематически описаны механизмы формирования и рекрутирования элит, на примере 4-х правящих политических элит, мобилизованных и консолидированных вокруг З. Гамсахурдия, Э. Шеварнадзе, М. Саакашвили и прозванного «неформальным правителем» Грузии Б. Иванишвили. Эти правящие политические элиты отличались друг от друга с точки зрения идеологических и ценностных ориентиров, определявшая разные пути иерархического восхождения на высшие ступени властных структур современной независимой Грузии. В работе использована двухуровневая форма анализа. В первом случае внимание уделяется теоретическим аспектам механизмов смены власти, таких как выборы и, насыщенная элементами переворота, революция. Во втором случае акцент перенесён на обобщение теоретических компонентов и изучение эмпирико-фактологических вопросов данного материала. В работе также содержится анализ факторов, способствовавших становлению контр-элиты в противовес правящей политической элиты. Также описаны те модели политического поведения, которые контр-элита использовала для захвата власти. В процессе восхождения политических сил непримиримой оппозиции на высшую ступень политической иерархии, они зачастую выходили за допустимые рамки правовых и конституционных норм, добиваясь своих политических целей переворотом и «революцией». В свою очередь, правящая политическая элита всячески старалась, используя властные рычаги с помощью авторитарных методов и незаконных механизмов государственной машины, дабы сохранить за собою статус правящей политической элиты внутри трансформируемой политической системы

In this paper, the main reasons that led in the post-Soviet period to the process of replacing the ruling classes with the counter-elite are analyzed. In the study, using the dialectical methodology, the authors identify trends and, following them in a logical chain, explain the order of procedures for political elites' circulation. This paper also focuses on the education factor, which significantly determines the process of formation and circulation of political elites in post-Soviet Georgia. If, in the Soviet period, one of the criteria for the formation and recruitment of local elites was local education, the trend in this direction in post-Soviet Georgia has been changed significantly. Education gained in Western, EuropeanAmerican universities has been one of the defining factors in the formation and recruitment of political elites by Georgia since its independence. However, in Georgia, mainly in Tbilisi, there are educational centers, socalled "elite schools", the vast majority of which are attended by children of new Georgians, but according to the criteria of skills, 3-4 percent of schools accept students. This is the first phase of education for junior members of local political and powerful financial groups. The second phase is the migration of graduates of these institutions to higher education institutions of Western countries to get an education. Which makes it easier for returnees to the homeland to integrate into the elite structure. In conclusion, those criteria are set out that are necessary factors for replacing the power elite with the counter-elite.