Secara faktual, kondisi politik yang muncul saat ini benar-benar sarat dengan kepentingan politik, politik uang menjadi tren di setiap Pilkada Langsung (Pemilukada); hak suara diperdagangkan. Praktek "money politic" telah terjadi di banyak daerah. Pelanggaran ini sangat cemas karena digunakan sebagai alat untuk menang dalam pemilihan langsung. Akibatnya, hak pilih warga dibajak oleh kepentingan kandidat. Praktek "money politic" dapat terjadi selama kampanye dan sebelum pemungutan suara. Sayangnya, dalam beberapa kasus, petugas Pemilu juga terlibat dalam praktek tersebut. Lalu ada jual beli suara yang menyebabkan penipuan dalam menentukan dan menetapkan perolehan suara dan berpotensi bisa mengubah elektabilitas calon. Kerugian nyata "money politic" adalah hilangnya martabat hak suara warga negara. Hak suara hanya akan menjadi komoditas politik di tengah persaingan antar kandidat. Kedaulatan rakyat menjadi tidak berarti karena uang telah dimainkan di mana selanjutnya akan merugikan mereka. Sebuah posisi yang diperoleh dengan modal besar menjadi pembenaran untuk mendapatkan kembali modal apabila telah menduduki jabatan politik. Penipuan di Pemilu tidak hanya salah secara moral, tetapi bentuk pelanggaran hukum. Praktek jual beli dan suara di Pemilukada diklasifikasikan sebagai risywah yang sangat dilarang dalam Islam. Kata
Abstract: Voting Right on Election In the Perspective of Fiqh Siyâsi (Political Law). Factually, the political condition which is emerging today is really loaded with the political interests, money politic becomes a trend in every Direct Local Election (Pemilukada); voting right is traded. The practice of money politic has occurred in many areas. This violation is very anxious since it is utilized as an instrument of winning in direct election. Consequently, the suffrage of citizens is hijacked by the interest of the candidate. The practice of money politic can occur during the campaign and prior to the vote. Unfortunately, in some cases, the election officers also involve in such practice. Then there is a sale and purchase of votes which led to fraud in determining and stipulating of votes acquisition and potentially might alter the electability of candidates. The real loss of money politic is the loss of dignity of citizens' voting right. The voting right would only be a political commodity amid the competition among candidates. The sovereignty of the people becomes meaningless since money has been played in which subsequently will be detrimental to them. For the long run, the practice of corruption is likely to flourish. A position which is obtained by huge capital becomes justification for getting back that capital while occupying political position. Fraud in the election is not only morally wrong, but a form of law transgression. The practice of selling and purchasing of votes in the electionist classified as risywah which is strongly prohibited in Islam. Abstrak: Hukum Menjual Hak Suara pada Pemilukada dalam Perspektif Fiqh Siyâsi. Politik uang (money politic) menjadi tren di setiap Pemilukada; hak suara diperdagangkan. Praktik ini terjadi di banyak daerah. Pelanggaran seperti ini sudah sangat memprihatinkan karena digunakan sebagai alat menang dalam pemilihan langsung. Akibatnya, hak pilih warga dibajak oleh kepentingan kandidat. Praktik money politic dapat terjadi selama kampanye dan sebelum pemungutan ...
Factually, the political condition which is emerging today is really loaded with the political interests, money politic becomes a trend in every Direct Local Election (Pemilukada); voting right is traded. The practice of money politic has occurred in many areas. This violation is very anxious since it is utilized as an instrument of winning in direct election. Consequently, the suffrage of citizens is hijacked by the interest of the candidate. The practice of money politic can occur during the campaign and prior to the vote. Unfortunately, in some cases, the election officers also involve in such practice. Then there is a sale and purchase of votes which led to fraud in determining and stipulating of votes acquisition and potentially might alter the electability of candidates. The real loss of money politic is the loss of dignity of citizens voting right. The voting right would only be a political commodity amid the competition among candidates. The sovereignty of the people becomes meaningless since money has been played in which subsequently will be detrimental to them. A position which is obtained by huge capital becomes justification for getting back that capital while occupying political position. Fraud in the election is not only morally wrong, but a form of law transgression. The practice of selling and purchasing of votes in the Electionis classified as risywah which is strongly prohibited in Islam.
The research examined the contributions of youth associations towards community development in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State. A convenience selection of 14 registered youth associations was used in the research which comes from the 14 districts of Igabi Local Government Area and ten respondents were randomly sampled from each of the districts, making a total of 140 respondents constituting the sample size of the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire administered. The research found out that the youth associations helped in the improvement of standard of living of the people in the study area. The study also revealed that the youth associations contributed in political awareness, construction of drainages and culverts and also mobilizes people on the importance of community efforts. The major constraints faced by the youth associations included financial problem and lack of full participation by members. It was recommended that fund raising committees should be created by the youth associations and government should provide assistance to the youth association members as motivation and encouragement measures.
AbstractPhthalate esters, such as di(n-butyl) phthalate, (DBP), are synthetic chemical pollutants commonly used as plasticizers in the manufacture of plastics. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DBP in the testes of adult male quails (Coturnix cortunix japonica) exposed by oral gavage to variable doses of DBP (0 [control], 1, 10, 50, 200, and 400 mg/kgbw−d), for 30 days during the prepubertal period, using histo-morphometric and ultrastructural techniques. Generally, significant decreases in seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) and epithelial height (SEH) were observed predominantly at the highest DBP doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), as compared to medium (50 mg/kg), and lowest doses (1 and 10 mg/kg) as well as the control group. Ultrastructurally, apparent dose-specific degenerative changes were observed in the Leydig cells. The lowest DBP doses (1 and 10 mg/kg) did not produce significant effects on Leydig cell ultrastructure, whereas, at the highest doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), the Leydig cells were remarkably conspicuous in the interstitium and appeared foamy. There was a preponderance of electron-lucent lipid droplets which crowded out the normal organelles of the cell, as well as increases in the number of dense bodies in the cytoplasm. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) was less obvious, compacted, and wedged between the abundant lipid droplets and mitochondria. Taken together, these findings indicate that pre-pubertal exposure of precocious quail birds to DBP, produced parameter-specific histometric tubular changes, as well as dose-dependent cyto-structural derangement of the Leydig cells; which consequently may lead to overt reproductive impairments in the adult bird in the environment.Graphical Abstract
This thesis discusses the Da'wah of KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah to the Community in the City of Parepare. This thesis attempts to answer the following research problems: 1) What is the strategy of preaching KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah to the people in Parepare City?; 2) What is the important theme of KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah's preaching to the people in Parepare City?. This thesis refers to the theories, concepts, and strategies of da'wah introduced by Al-Bayaninu, namely: al-manhaj al-athifi (sentimental strategy); al-manhaj al-`aqli (rational strategy) al-manhaj al-hissi (sensory strategy), and al-manhaj al-fitri (natural strategy). This thesis uses qualitative research methods based on field research, by applying a phenomenological approach to analyze data and facts found in the research field. This method is used to reveal the meaning of the complexity of the da'wah of KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah in the City of Parepare, with the aim that the use of this method can describe the strategies, models, and methods of da'wah from the characters studied holistically and comprehensively. Sources of data in this study were obtained from literature searches, documents, and empirical investigations to obtain a detailed description of field data through purposive interviews with informants. The thesis research that was conducted succeeded in revealing that: 1) The Da'wah Method KH. Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah in the community in Parepare City combined several da'wah methods such as al-manhaj al-athifi (sentimental strategy); al-manhaj al-hissi (sensory strategy), as well as al-manhaj al-fitri (natural strategy) dynamically by paying attention to the situation of the community that is the object of his da'wah. To support the da'wah that was carried out, KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbaja carried out several social activities, such as establishing an Islamic Boarding School Educational Institution, carrying out social activities by becoming the general chairman and secretary general of the Darul Dakwah wal Irsyad (DDI) Executive Board, becoming a State Servant, actively delivering da'wah and filling recitations at the Grand Mosque, making political parties a means of da'wah, as well as conveying da'wah through several writings. 2) The theme and content of KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah's da'wah is an invitation to strengthen faith, and instill respect for humans and humanity, in order to maintain the unity of the servant of Allah SWT vertically, and maintain harmonious social relations horizontally. The steps taken by KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah in maintaining the balance of the relationship. KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah does not spread news that can damage social relations, does clarification (tabayyun) every time he receives news that is not certain to be true, strongly condemns spreaders of false news, always maintains calm, honesty and istiqamah and follows the Sunnah of the Prophet in the treatment of various diseases. Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah is an invitation to strengthen faith, and instill respect for humans and humanity, in order to maintain the oneness of the servant to Allah SWT vertically, and maintain harmonious social relations horizontally. The steps taken by KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah in maintaining the balance of the relationship. KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah does not spread news that can damage social relations, does clarification (tabayyun) every time he receives news that is not certain to be true, strongly condemns spreaders of false news, always maintains calm, honesty and istiqamah and follows the Sunnah of the Prophet in the treatment of various diseases. Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah is an invitation to strengthen faith, and instill respect for humans and humanity, in order to maintain the oneness of the servant to Allah SWT vertically, and maintain harmonious social relations horizontally. The steps taken by KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah in maintaining the balance of the relationship. KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah does not spread news that can damage social relations, does clarification (tabayyun) every time he receives news that is not certain to be true, strongly condemns spreaders of false news, always maintains calm, honesty and istiqamah and follows the Sunnah of the Prophet in the treatment of various diseases. in order to maintain the oneness of the servant to Allah SWT vertically, as well as to maintain the harmony of social relations horizontally. The steps taken by KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah in maintaining the balance of the relationship. KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah does not spread news that can damage social relations, does clarification (tabayyun) every time he receives news that is not certain to be true, strongly condemns spreaders of false news, always maintains calm, honesty and istiqamah and follows the Sunnah of the Prophet in the treatment of various diseases. in order to maintain the oneness of the servant to Allah SWT vertically, as well as to maintain the harmony of social relations horizontally. The steps taken by KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah in maintaining the balance of the relationship. KH Muhammad Abduh Pabbajah does not spread news that can damage social relations, does clarification (tabayyun) every time he receives news that is not certain to be true, strongly condemns spreaders of false news, always maintains calm, honesty and istiqamah and follows the Sunnah of the Prophet in the treatment of various diseases.
Background: Malaria during pregnancy is a major public health problem in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries, and it is one of the leading contributors to the unacceptably high maternal mortality ratio in the developing countries. This study aimed to determine the awareness, perception, and utilization of insecticides treated nets (ITNs) and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria (IPTp) among pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 307 pregnant women (selected by multi-stage sampling technique) attending the antenatal clinics of the health facilities in Sokoto State, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 statistical computer software package.Results: The mean age of respondents was 27 ± 5.6 years, and a majority of them (63.8%) were aged 20–29 years. Most, 264 (86.0%) of the 307 respondents were aware of ITNs, and a majority of them (60.6%) were also aware of IPTp. Whereas most of the respondents perceived the use of ITN to be safe in pregnancy (93.2%), and protects both mother and baby from malaria in pregnancy (91.5%), the reverse is true of IPTp. Only about half of respondents (52.8%) own an ITN, and barely a third of respondents use ITN (33.8%) and IPTp (37.5%).Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the need for government to ensure universal access to ITNs, while healthcare workers should re-invigorate and sustain education of pregnant women on the benefits and safety of use of ITNs and IPTp.
Exploring the contentious landscape of Nigeria's escalating violence, this book describes the changing roles of traditional authorities in combatting contemporary security challenges.
Set against a backdrop of widespread security threats – including insurgency, land disputes, communal violence, regional independence movements, and widespread criminal activities – perhaps more than ever before, Nigeria's conventional security infrastructure seems ill-equipped for the job. This book offers a fresh, empirical analysis of the roles of traditional authorities – including kings, Ezes, Obas, and Emirs – who are often hailed as potent alternatives to the state in security governance. It complicates the assumption that these traditional leaders, by virtue of their customary legitimacy and popular roots, are singularly effective in preventing and managing violence. Instead, in exploring their creative adaptation to governance roles after a dramatic postcolonial downturn, this book argues that traditional leaders can augment, but not substitute, the state in addressing insecurity.
This book's in-depth analysis will be of interest to researchers and policy makers across African and security studies, political science, anthropology, and development.
David Ehrhardt is an Associate Professor of International Development at Leiden University, The Netherlands. His main research interests are African governance and educational innovation. David has published extensively on Nigeria and co-leads the Learning Mindset project that promotes autonomous learning in higher education.
David Oladimeji Alao is a Professor in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration, and Chief of Staff to the President/Vice Chancellor, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria. Professor Alao has authored several articles and 3 edited books.
M. Sani Umar is a Professor in the Department of History and Diplomatic Studies, University of Abuja, Nigeria. His research centres on religious vio- lence and peace building, with a focus on understanding the roots of religious conflict and the dynamics of religious pluralism.
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.