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Front Cover -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- Overview -- Management Response -- Management Action Record -- Chairperson's Summary: Committee on Development Effectiveness -- 1 Introduction to Public-Private Partnerships -- What Are PPPs? -- Rationale for Supporting PPPs -- PPPs and the Poor -- PPP Trends Globally and the World Bank Group's Engagement -- Evaluation Design -- 2 Relevance of World Bank Group Support -- The World Bank Group's Strategic Framework for PPPs -- The World Bank Group's Strategic Resources Deployment on PPPs -- Addressing Countries' Development Priorities and PPP Constraints -- Conclusion -- 3 Paving the Way for PPPs through Policy Reform and Institution Building -- World Bank Group Interventions to Improve the PPP Enabling Environment -- Focus and Results of World Bank Group Upstream Work -- Drivers of Success of Upstream Work -- Conclusion -- 4 Did Public-Private Partnerships Deliver? -- World Bank Group Support to Structuring and Financing PPPs -- Results of World Bank Group Support to PPPs -- Drivers of Success and Failure of PPP Performance -- Conclusion -- 5 Working as One World Bank Group -- Leveraging of Synergies across One World Bank Group -- The Case for PPP Country Diagnostics -- Challenges and Opportunities for the Future -- Conclusion -- 6 The Experience of Other Multilateral Development Banks with Public-Private Partnerships -- Asian Development Bank -- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development -- Inter-American Development Bank -- African Development Bank -- European Investment Bank -- Conclusions -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Methodology Used to Identify Public-Private Partnership Projects -- Appendix B Public-Private Partnership Indicators -- Appendix C Country Case Study Methodology.

Mongolia was one of the East Asian economies hardest hit by the global downturn, as copper prices collapsed and external demand fell. This Economic Retrospective highlights the key economic, financial and policy developments in the country during the crisis and recovery over 2008 to 2010. In particular, it offers a closer look at the weaknesses in the economic structure and policy environment that lay at the heart of downturn, and which amplified the external shock due to the collapse in global commodity prices from mid-2008. The Retrospective offers valuable insights into how an inappropriate policy mix can culminate in macroeconomic instability. In Mongoliaâ??s case, a combination of expansive fiscal and monetary policy during the boom years, a de facto peg to the US dollar, and an overheating financial sector triggered a loss of confidence in the banking sector, large reserve losses and deposit flight, and caused a large fiscal and balance of payments shock that necessitated assistance by the IMF and other donors. Although the economy has rebounded since the end of 2009 and the successful negotiation of the Oyu Tolgoi (OT) mining project has helped transform the medium to long-term outlook, there remain sizeable policy challenges. In particular, the looming mining boom brings the risks of â??Dutch diseaseâ? effects and a return to the profligate populism of the past. In the near term significant fiscal financing risks remain until revenues from OT are realized. In particular, this Retrospective discusses the need for continued fiscal consolidation and how the adoption of the planned fiscal stability law should help manage the upcoming mining boom. Meanwhile, ongoing solvency problems in the banking sector need to be resolved quickly and transparently to prepare the sector for the upturn in economic activity.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Global Outlook: A Fragile Recovery -- Summary -- Major economies: Recent developments and outlook -- Global trends -- Emerging market and developing economies: Recent developments and outlook -- Risks to the outlook -- Policy challenges -- References -- Box 1.1 Low-income countries: Recent developments and outlook -- Box 1.2 Regional perspectives: Recent developments and outlook -- Special Focus 1 Debt Dynamics in Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Time to Act? -- Introduction -- Evolution of fiscal positions -- Fiscal positions in episodes of financial stress -- Conclusion -- References -- Special Focus 2 Arm's-Length Trade: A Source of Post-Crisis Trade Weakness -- Introduction -- Characteristics of intra-firm and arm's-length trade -- Evolution of intra-firm and arm's-length trade since the crisis -- Factors contributing to the sharp post-crisis slowdown in arm's-length trade -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Regional Outlooks -- East Asia and Pacific -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Europe and Central Asia -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Box 2.2.1 Reversal in 2016 of diverging growth paths -- Risks -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Box 2.3.1 Continued growth divergence within Latin America and the Caribbean -- Risks -- Middle East and North Africa -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- South Asia -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Risks -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Recent developments -- Outlook -- Box 2.6.1 Deteriorating public finances in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Risks -- References -- Statistical Appendix -- Selected Topics -- Figures -- 1.1 Global prospects -- 1.2 Global risks and policy challenges -- 1.3 Advanced economies -- 1.4 United States -- 1.5 Euro Area.

Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Glossary -- Overview -- 1 Conceptual Framework, Stylized Facts, and the Role of the Government -- 2 The Use of Long-Term Finance by Firms and Households: Determinants and Impact -- 3 The Use of Markets for Long-Term Finance -- 4 Banks and Nonbank Financial Institutions as Providers of Long-Term Finance -- Statistical Appendixes -- A: Basic Data on Financial System Characteristics, 2011-13 -- B: Key Aspects of Long-Term Finance -- Bibliography -- BOXES -- O.1 Main Messages of This Report -- O.2 Practitioners' Views on Long-Term Finance: Global Financial Development Barometer -- O.3 The Role of Multilateral Development Banks in Mobilizing Long-Term Finance -- O.4 Navigating This Report -- 1.1 The Role of Infrastructure in Economic Development -- 1.2 A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Use of Long-Term Finance -- 1.3 Intermediaries and Markets for Long-Term Finance -- 1.4 Development Banks and Long-Term Finance: Two Different Approaches -- 1.5 Using Credit Guarantees to Reduce the Risk of Long-Term Lending -- 2.1 Firms' Long-Term Finance and Investment after the Global Financial Crisis -- 2.2 Did the Global Financial Crisis Affect Firms' Leverage and Debt Maturity? -- 2.3 What Explains the Variation of Firm Debt Maturity across Countries? -- 2.4 Contract Enforcement and Use of Long-Term Finance: Evidence from Debt Recovery Tribunals in India -- 2.5 The Impact of Credit Information Sharing on Loan Maturity -- 2.6 Information Asymmetries and Use of Long-Term Debt in the United States -- 2.7 Short-Term Debt and Good Governance: Are They Substitutes or Complements? -- 2.8 Political Connections and Firms' Use of Long-Term Debt in China -- 2.9 The Rise of the Annuity Market in Chile -- 2.10 Sensitivity of Human Capital Investment to the Development of Credit Markets.

International Debt Statistics (IDS) 2014 is a continuation of the World Bank???s publications Global Development Finance, Volume II (1997 through 2009) and the earlier World Debt Tables (1973 through 1996). IDS 2014 provides statistical tables showing the external debt of 128 developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank???s Debtor Reporting System (DRS). It also includes tables of key debt ratios for individual reporting countries and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for individual reporting countries and regional and income groups along with some graphical presentations. IDS 2014 draws on a database maintained by the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer time series and more detailed data are available from the World Bank open databases, which contain more than 200 time series indicators, covering the years 1970 to 2012 for most reporting countries, and pipeline data for scheduled debt service payments on existing commitments to 2019. International Debt Statistics 2014 is unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of the developing world. This report is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. In addition, International Debt Statistics will showcase the broader spectrum of debt data collected and compiled by the World Bank. These include the high frequency, quarterly external debt database (QEDS) and the quarterly public sector database (QPSD) developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and launched by the World Bank.