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AbstractGentrification has become one of the planetary processes in reorganising urban spaces. China is not immune to the process. Generations of scholarship on gentrification in China have generated considerable insights into its varying logics, morphologies and mechanism in the Chinese context. Yet, most research tends to focus on a geographically well‐demarcated area, driven either by the state or capital, while overlooking the externalities of these projects over time. Through the notion of the rent gap and the empirical case of Taikoo Li in Chengdu, we develop the new dynamic formation of the rent gap theoretical framework to explain how a commercial gentrification project changed the urban centre space and trigger new rounds of the effects of gentrification in surrounding neighbourhoods. In so doing, we underscore the hitherto overlooked roles of time and scale in theorising rent gap and gentrification in China.

AbstractIn order to discover the key factors for the successful implementation of the collaborative management of disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities and their causal coupling, based on the hypothesis, the main factor analysis method was used to analyze the key factors of the various subsystems of disaster prevention and mitigation, and to verify the correlation between the main factors and the successful implementation of coordinated governance for disaster prevention and mitigation in coastal cities. Interpretative structural model (ISM) is used to explore the coupling relationship between subsystems and key factors within each subsystem. The results show that there have 6 factors, including emergency organization coordination, plan construction coordination, monitoring and early warning coordination, information sharing coordination, emergency command coordination, and emergency resource coordination are positively related to the successful implementation of coastal city disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance; emergency rescue coordination and emergency decision‐making coordination are not directly related to the successful implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance in coastal cities. When the main factors work together, the impact on the successful implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation collaborative governance in coastal cities is not obvious. There are obvious hierarchical relationships and clear influence paths between key factors within each main factor.

Both countries worked together in a variety of areas, with the United States giving Pakistan with economic, social, and military assistance. Two of the most well-known treaties and pacts made between the two countries to develop and improve relations were CENTO and SEATO. Pakistan has always satisfied American wishes, whether it is the Afghan War or the War on Terror. Both conflicts had devastating implications for Pakistan, with the country losing both economic and human resources. As a result of drawing Pakistan into direct warfare, trust between the two countries has eroded. Pakistan is still suffering as a result of US wars and requires financial support to recover.