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With a Foreword by Kristalina Georgieva, European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response Over the last decades natural and man-made disasters have been increasing in terms of frequency, size, number of people affected and material damage caused. There is growing awareness of the importance of adequate national and international legal frameworks for disaster prevention, mitigation and response. The implementation of these frameworks, however, poses serious challenges. This book analyses International Disaster Response Law as developed in recent times and identifies the main existing normative gaps. The authors address the rights and duties of States in preventing and mitigating disasters, in facilitating access to their territory for humanitarian relief actors, as well as issues related to liability and compensation. Due attention is paid to European Union law governing disaster response (and to its reform in the light of the Lisbon Treaty) and to the main trends in domestic legislation. Human rights obligations are thoroughly examined and the potential relevance of international criminal law is assessed. Additional topics such as the status of relief personnel, the hindrances to the delivery of relief consignments by customs and excise administration, the use of civilian and military defence assets in emergency situations, the mechanisms and procedures available to offer financial support for recovery and rehabilitation, risk insurance, and the issue of corruption during disaster-related activities are specifically addressed. By drawing on the expertise of lawyers, political scientists, economists and humanitarian practitioners, the book promotes much-needed interdisciplinary dialog and sheds light on a largely uncharted field of research. It is therefore essential reading for academics and practitioners in international and EU law, policy makers, civil protection and humanitarian operators and for anyone interested in exploring the legal facets of the international community{u2019}s response to large-scale calamitous events. Over the last decades natural and man-made disasters have been increasing in terms of frequency, size, number of people affected and material damage caused. There is growing awareness of the importance of adequate national and international legal frameworks for disaster prevention, mitigation and response. The implementation of these frameworks, however, poses serious challenges. This book ana ...

Klappentext: Stretching from the Rockies to the Appalachians, the Corn Belt is America's heartland. Making the Corn Belt traces the geographical and agricultural evolution of this region, whose agriculture is based on the tradition of feeding corn to meat animals, especially beef cattle and hogs. The use of corn as a feed grain emerged in the westward movement of Euro-American farming people from the Upland South to the Ohio Valley. In the five islands of fertile land west of the Appalachians - the Nashville Basin, Pennyroyal Plateau, Bluegrass, Miami Valley, and Virginia Military District - corn emerged as the best crop to feed livestock. Thus was the Corn Belt born. Migrants from the Five Islands took corn-livestock agriculture west to the Mississippi Valley, and by 1850 the core of today's Corn Belt was a cultural region developed by a segment of the population whose ancestry could be traced back to the Ohio Valley. Corn Belt agriculture, however, spread northward more slowly than it did westward, partly because of the patterns of migration established in the spread of the frontier. The Civil War demonstrated that, even though its agriculture was distinctive, the larger region was divided in social and political terms. John Hudson traces these regional-agricultural themes into the rapid technological changes of the 1930s. The introduction of soybeans at about this time helped shift parts of the Corn Belt from livestock feeding to cash-grain production. Some of these trends continue today in parts of the region, while other areas have specialized in cattle feeding as the meat-packing industry has shifted westward. Farm residents in the 1990s account for less than 2 percent of the nationalpopulation. In the Middle West today, to be a "farm resident" no longer means what it once did: although nearly two-thirds of the men work primarily on the farm, nearly three-fourths of farm women are principally employed elsewhere. Many farmers have left the land and abandoned the "traditional" farm, but those who remain have been even more productive. The typical Corn Belt farm has disappeared, replaced by a small cluster of metal buildings surrounding a suburban tract home. John C. Hudson takes us to the heart of the Corn Belt and captures the essence of this most American region.

"This handbook provides a comprehensive, problem-driven and dynamic overview of the future of warfare. The volatilities and uncertainties of the global security environment raise timely and important questions about the future of humanity's oldest occupation: war. This volume addresses these questions through a collection of cutting-edge contributions by leading scholars in the field. Its overall focus is prognostic rather than futuristic, highlighting discernible trends, key developments and themes without downplaying the lessons from the past. By making the past meet the present in order to envision the future, the handbook offers a diversified outlook on the future of warfare which will be indispensable for researchers, students and military practitioners alike. The volume is divided into six thematic sections. Section I draws out general trends in the phenomenon of war and sketches the most significant developments, from the past to the present and into the future. Section II looks at the areas and domains which actively shape the future of warfare. Section III engages with the main theories and conceptions of warfare, capturing those attributes of contemporary conflicts which will most likely persist and determine the dynamics and directions of their transformations. The fourth section addresses differentiation and complexity in the domain of warfare, pointing to those factors which will exert a strong impact on the structure and properties of that domain. Section V focuses on technology as the principal trigger of changes and alterations in the essence of warfare. The final section draws on the general trends identified in Section I and sheds light on how those trends have manifested in specific local contexts. This section zooms in on particular geographies which are seen and anticipated as hotbeds where future warfare will most likely assume its shape and reveal its true colours. This book will be of great interest to students of strategic studies, defence studies, war and technology, and International Relations"--

"This book analyses the strategic and economic significance of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), with a particular focus on the region of Balochistan. Given the history of multiple insurgencies that the Pakistani Military has confronted in Balochistan, the book examines the region's intricate conflict ecosystem and security landscape, which poses potential threats to the CPEC. Structured chronologically, the book traces the evolution of the Pakistani Army's counterinsurgency practices inherited in 1947 from the British Indian Army's culture of fighting small wars through to the contemporary counterinsurgency (COIN) adaptation in the 'war on terror', and afterwards, to the fifth round of the Balochistan insurgency. The analysis centres on the development of counterinsurgency theory and practice by the Pakistani Army. It empirically investigates the efficacy of the COIN strategy in Balochistan. The author argues that the approach significantly changed after conceptualising the doctrine, especially from 2016 onwards, from 'butcher and bolt' to the inclusion of critical components like political primacy, affect-based and focused use of force, 'winning hearts and minds' and rules of engagement. As a result, there was reduced violence and an increased number of insurgent surrenders. The book concludes that the Pakistani Army has largely controlled the insurgency in Balochistan. However, simultaneously, there is an urgent need to reduce tangible support to the insurgents through porous borders and implement an effective strategy to sever the nexus between the Islamic State of Khorasan (ISKP) and the Baloch insurgent organisations, as well as the sectarian militant organisations in Balochistan province. This is crucial to ending the insurgency and ensuring the security of CPEC. A novel contribution to the study of counterinsurgency and the importance of CPEC to China's foreign policy and diplomacy, as well as its effects on the conflict dynamics in Balochistan, the book will be of interest to researchers studying War and Conflict Studies, Terrorism Studies, International Relations, Security and Strategic Studies, and South Asian and Chinese Studies"--

Part I: Framework -- Introduction -- Islamism and the Political Order -- A Critical Assessment of Political Islam and Political Islamism -- Political Islamism – A Vital Hybrid Threat/Challenge -- Proponents of Political Islam in the European Union Institutions -- Salafism in Germany: Democracy, and Resilience -- Islam – A Liberal, Intellectually Challenging Partner for Europe? -- The Ideal of an Islamic Society -- Secular Turn in the Middle East: Findings from Values Survey -- Conclusion: A European Response? -- Part II: Actors -- Diyanet in Europe -- How Qatar Became an Actor in the Spread of Political Islam in Europe -- Saudi Arabia and Europe: Demystifying the Threat -- Revolutionaries at Home, Revolutionaries Abroad: Iran and its Networks in Europe -- Political Islam in Exile: Transformation of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood After the Military Coup of 2013 -- The Muslim Brotherhood in Europe: A General Framework -- Salafist Movements in Europe: Between Local and Transnational Mobilizations -- The Milli Görüş Movement in Europe: Context, Activities and Strategies -- Tablighi Jamaat in Europe -- Al Qaeda and the Islamic State: The Jihadi War on Christians Comes to Europe -- Part III: Surveys -- Political Islam in Austria -- Political Islam in Belgium: From Third-Country Activism to the Islamicization of the Political Debate -- Hybridizing Islam in the Balkans: The Rise of Salafi-Hanafism in Bulgaria -- Political Islam and Islamism in Europe – French Perspectives -- Political Islamism in Germany -- Political Islam in Greece: An Elusive Threat? -- Islamism in Italy: The Muslim Brotherhood Network and its Allies -- The Muslim Brotherhood and Other Organisations in the Netherlands -- A European Exception? Political Islam and Radical Islamism in Portugal -- Evolution of Political Islam in Romania at the Beginning of the 21st Century -- Contemporary Islamism in Spain: A Landscape Dominated by the Muslim Brotherhood -- Political Islamism – The Case of Sweden and Denmark -- The Muslim Brotherhood in Switzerland -- Shifting Relations Between Islamic Non-State and State Actors in Turkey -- Mainstream Islamism in Britain: Advocacy and Agitation.-Political Islam and Islamism in the Western Balkans -- Comparative Summary. .

This book analyses the strategic and economic significance of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), with a particular focus on the region of Balochistan. Given the history of multiple insurgencies that the Pakistani Military has confronted in Balochistan, the book examines the region's intricate conflict ecosystem and security landscape, which poses potential threats to the CPEC. Structured chronologically, the book traces the evolution of the Pakistani Army's counterinsurgency practices inherited in 1947 from the British Indian Army's culture of fighting small wars through to the contemporary counterinsurgency (COIN) adaptation in the war on terror, and afterwards, to the fifth round of the Balochistan insurgency. The analysis centres on the development of counterinsurgency theory and practice by the Pakistani Army. It empirically investigates the efficacy of the COIN strategy in Balochistan. The author argues that the approach significantly changed after conceptualising the doctrine, especially from 2016 onwards, from butcher and bolt to the inclusion of critical components like political primacy, affect-based, and focused use of force, winning hearts and minds and rules of engagement. As a result, there was reduced violence and an increased number of insurgent surrenders. This book concludes that the Pakistani Army has largely controlled the insurgency in Balochistan. However, simultaneously, there is an urgent need to reduce tangible support to the insurgents through porous borders and implement an effective strategy to sever the nexus between the Islamic State of Khorasan (ISKP) and the Baloch insurgent organisations, as well as the sectarian militant organisations in Balochistan province. This is crucial to ending the insurgency and ensuring the security of CPEC. A novel contribution to the study of counterinsurgency and the importance of CPEC to China's foreign policy and diplomacy, as well as its effects on the conflict dynamics in Balochistan, the book will be of interest to researchers studying War and Conflict Studies, Terrorism Studies, International Relations, Security and Strategic Studies, and South Asian and Chinese Studies.

The Distributed Functions of Emergency Management and Homeland Security outlines the roles and responsibilities of various individuals and agencies involved in homeland security and all aspects of emergency management. Each chapter focuses on the practical and applied aspects of a range of public servants in various departments and the organizations that they represent. Rather than presenting a theoretical exploration alone, the book examines the practical knowledge and hands-on skills related to various functions and how their decisions and actions play into the larger framework of safety and security --in the public, private and nonprofit sectors. Every professional has a unique and integral part to play in fulfilling their roles and obligations, whether it be in relation to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response or recovery operations. Personnel that frequently come to mind in such scenarios include emergency managers, geographers and land-use planners, EMTs and paramedics, fire fighters, police officers, public health officials, nurses, public administrators, and public information officers. And while these individuals are integral to homeland security and emergency management, there are other professionals that also perform essential duties that--while they aren't first-to-mind--are vital to efforts relating to terrorism and disasters; this includes pilots in the aviation sector, the military, attorneys, psychologists, and forensic professionals serving in pathology, DNA, and dentistry roles. Chapters provide a holistic rendering of the homeland security and emergency management landscape to present all these various professional capabilities and contributions. This includes how current functions are coordinated as well as how future efforts might change relative to a more proactive, all-hazards and holistic approach. As such, the book will be a useful resource for students and practitioners to understand the dynamic professions--and various disciplines and fields--that impact disaster and terrorism preparedness and response capabilities.

Lethal autonomous weapons are weapon systems that can select and destroy targets without intervention by a human operator. Fighting Machines explores the relationship between lethal autonomous weapons (LAWS), the concept of human dignity, and international law. Much of this analysis speaks to three fundamental and related problems: When a LAWS takes a human life, is that killing a violation of human dignity? Can states and non-state actors use LAWS in accordance with international law? And are there certain responsibilities of human decision-making during wartime that we should not delegate to machines? In the book, Dan Saxon argues that the use of LAWS to take human life constitutes a violation of human dignity. Rather than concentrating on the victims of the use of lethal force, Saxon instead focuses on the technology and relevant legal principles and rules to advance several propositions. First, as LAWS operate at increasingly greater speeds, their use will undermine the opportunities for, and the value of, human reasoning and judgment. Second, by transferring responsibility for reasoning and judgment about the use of lethal force to computer software, the use of LAWS violates the dignity of the soldiers, commanders, and law enforcement officers who historically have made such decisions, and, therefore, breaches international law. Third, weapon designs that facilitate teamwork between humans and autonomous systems are necessary to ensure that humans and LAWS can operate interdependently so that individuals can fulfil their obligations under international law—including the preservation of their own dignity—and ensure that human reasoning and judgment are available for cognitive functions better suited to humans than machines. Fighting Machines speaks to the fields of international humanitarian law, human rights, criminal law, and legal philosophy. It will also be of interest to non-lawyers, especially military officers, government policy makers, political scientists, and international relations scholars, as well as roboticists and ethicists.

Lethal autonomous weapons are weapon systems that can select and destroy targets without intervention by a human operator. Fighting Machines explores the relationship between lethal autonomous weapons (LAWS), the concept of human dignity, and international law. Much of this analysis speaks to three fundamental and related problems: When a LAWS takes a human life, is that killing a violation of human dignity? Can states and non-state actors use LAWS in accordance with international law? And are there certain responsibilities of human decision-making during wartime that we should not delegate to machines?In the book, Dan Saxon argues that the use of LAWS to take human life constitutes a violation of human dignity. Rather than concentrating on the victims of the use of lethal force, Saxon instead focuses on the technology and relevant legal principles and rules to advance several propositions. First, as LAWS operate at increasingly greater speeds, their use will undermine the opportunities for, and the value of, human reasoning and judgment. Second, by transferring responsibility for reasoning and judgment about the use of lethal force to computer software, the use of LAWS violates the dignity of the soldiers, commanders, and law enforcement officers who historically have made such decisions, and, therefore, breaches international law. Third, weapon designs that facilitate teamwork between humans and autonomous systems are necessary to ensure that humans and LAWS can operate interdependently so that individuals can fulfil their obligations under international law—including the preservation of their own dignity—and ensure that human reasoning and judgment are available for cognitive functions better suited to humans than machines.Fighting Machines speaks to the fields of international humanitarianism, human rights, criminal law, and legal philosophy. It will also be of interest to non-lawyers, especially military officers, government policy makers, political scientists, and international relations scholars, as well as roboticists and ethicists

The "non-west" methodological concept for building a system of international relations in the Eurasian space -- Asianization as a main trend in world politics -- Digital panopticon" as an objective reality of the global world: the dilemma between social control and civic engagement -- Greek Myth as the Beginning of Political Geography: Heracles in Ancient Spain -- Geography of Russia's Foreign Trade in the 18th and Early 19th Centuries -- The Role of Svalbard in the Policy of Russia and Norway amid the Cold War -- Review of the Training of Grassroots Officials Since the CPC Became the Governing Party -- Geography of international activities of St. Petersburg Legislative Assembly of the sixth convocation -- Problems and prospects of promoting digital trade in Russia -- Institutional Analysis of eHealth Development in EAEU Countries -- National policy against corruption in the framework of global integration processes -- Russia-China Cooperation: Linking the Eurasian Economic Union and Belt and Road Initiative -- The continuity of the US policy towards Central Asia -- International Governance of the Caspian Sea: 1991-2018 -- Eurasia's Post-Pandemic Political and Socioeconomic Prospects -- Xinjiang. The New Development Trends -- The state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of combating religious extremism -- Forming the Package of Framework Documents and Laws of Azerbaijan in the Sphere of Military Security in 1994-2019 -- Development Trends of the Strait of Malacca Countries in the Field of Countering Non-traditional Threats to National Security in the Context of the Indo-Pacific Region in 2010s-2020s -- Fluctuations in the Global Food Market: Politics versus Economics? -- Geo-Eco-Ideology: Modern World in Search of Common Values -- Climate change and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development -- Sustainable Development in BRICS countries: from Concept to Practice -- The Development of Cooperation between Member States of the Arctic Council 1996-2019: Environmental Partnership or struggle for resources -- Evolution of the Environmental Policy of the European Union: Stages, Actors and Trends -- The development of international sustainable industrial tourism on the example of Germany.

"This collection of essays demonstrates vividly how and why the life and writings of Kartini spark different meanings to different people across different continents and times for a wide range of reasons. Truly engaging and enlightening."-Professor Dr Ariel Heryanto, Herb Feith Professor for the Study of Indonesia at Monash University, and author of Identity and Pleasure: The Politics of Indonesian Screen Culture "An icon of colonial Indonesia and a postcolonial intellectual avant la lettre, Kartini straddles the subtle terrain between feminism, politics and memory. This beautifully crafted volume goes beyond the analysis of Kartini's contested legacy as a national figure. It instead engages in an original way with Kartini as a highly remediated transnational celebrity, who has become a 'floating signifier'. This volume's timely contribution is to reposition Kartini's life, legacy and afterlife within the intersectional dynamics of gender, race, class, religion and sexuality that so shaped the origin, interpretation and impact of the 'Javanese princess' across time and space."-Professor Dr Sandra Ponzanesi, Professor of Gender and Postcolonial Studies, Utrecht University, The Netherlands, and author of The Postcolonial Cultural Industry: Icons, Markets, Mythologies "This rich collection of essays on the appropriation of Indonesian national heroine and international feminist icon Kartini provides an incisive insight into the multiple ways her brilliant letters have been read, interpreted and used. Progressive colonial administrators, anti-colonial nationalists, socialist feminists and conservative feminists during the military dictatorship of President Suharto alike appropriated her life and work to further their own divergent causes. I hope this anthology stimulates the (re) reading of the inspiring and still highly relevant words of this gifted, complex, rebellious Javanese woman, who died in childbirth at such a young age."-Professor Dr Saskia E. Wieringa, Professor of Gender and Women's Same-sex Relations Cross-culturally, University of Amsterdam, author of Sexual Politics in Indonesia, and co-founder of the Kartini Asia Network

1. Judge Goldstone acts: the 'purge' of the DCC -- 2. The big reaction -- 3. The birth of the DCC -- 4. The bushmen and their role in the SANDF -- 5. People other than military working for the DCC -- 6. The rescue of 'Mustafa' -- 7. The Uganda-Tanzania war -- 8. Informants, talent spotters and couriers -- 9. The 'DCC man' and his training -- 10. Spies and defectors -- 11. The DCC's relations with western intelligence -- 12. Operation Berlin -- 13. The 'Stalin web' in Zimbabwe -- 14. Helping friends -- 15. The future of Operation Vula and its aftermath -- 16. Mutiny in Angola and the Douglas Report -- 17. Shame and responsibility -- 18. Helping the SAP -- the failure of Olivia Forsythe -- 19. The Mozambican file -- Conclusion. Annexures. Annexure 1. The end of the DCC -- The Steyn Portfolio -- Chronology of events -- The investigations and counter-investigations. A. What General Steyn told President FW de Klerk on 20 December 1992 -- B. What the NIS / OATI investigations revealed -- C. Assessment of allegations of illegal or unauthorised activities -- D. What the other reports said -- E. List of additional names. The finding of the commission of inquiry. A. The first document -- B. The second document -- C. The third document -- Postscript. Annexure 2. Jack Benson's ID and passport -- Annexure 3. Statement by President FW de Klerk on the Statement of Mr Justice Goldstone on 16 November 1992 -- Annexure 4. Stafgeskrif vir die Steyn Kommissie oor Beweerde Riskante Bedrywighese van SAW Kompoente -- Annexure 5. The Goldstone Report -- Annexure 6. Olivia Forsyth's hand-written letters to her mother -- Annexure 7. Email correspondence between the author and FW de Klerk Foundation -- Annexure 8. Olivia Forsyth's operational progress report -- Annexure 9. The garage find: copies of some top secret documents on the ANC personnel in Angola training camps, the TPDF Armed Forces, and the ANC movements in Mozambique.

Drawing upon extensive research in the United States, Colombia, and Great Britain, The Diplomacy of Modernization examines the evolution of United States foreign policy in Colombia between the world wars, concentrating on the period of the Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt administrations, years generally associated with the formulation and implementation of the Good Neighbor Policy. Historians of the United States-Latin American policy have concentrated on the giants of the inter-war years - Mexico, Cuba, Brazil, and Argentina. Yet the second-ranking powers such as Colombia are particularly significant for an understanding of the factors which shaped inter-American relations, the objective of U.S. policy, and the impact of a major industrialized nation on a developing society. By the end of the First World War Colombia occupied an important, though clearly secondary, place in United States-Latin American policy. During the 1920s Colombia was the third- or fourth-ranking trading partner of the United States in South America. Her strategic proximity to the Panama Canal also made her adherence to a pro-United States position an important objective of Washington's policy, as did the promise of major petroleum reserves that were yet to be exploited. Conscious of these issues and concerned that the spark of nationalism generated by the Mexican revolution would inflame other developing nations in Latin America, United States officials in the 1920s and 1930s re-examined the methods of American diplomacy and gradually moved away from the cruder forms of military intervention, gunboat and dollar diplomacy. In analysing the commercial, financial, and industrial presence of U.S. interests in Colombia and their diplomatic manifestations, this study suggests the extent to which the United States erected a policy designed to provide primacy for American interests rather than the equality of treatment implied in the terms 'good neighbor' and 'open door.'

This wide-ranging collection seeks to reassess conventional understanding of Japan's Asia-Pacific War by defamiliarizing and expanding the rhetorical narrative. Its nine chapters, diverse in theme and method, are united in their goal to recover a measured historicity about the conflict by either introducing new areas of knowledge or reinterpreting existing ones. Collectively, they cast doubt on the war as familiar and recognizable, compelling readers to view it with fresh eyes.Following an introduction that problematizes timeworn narratives about a "unified Japan" and its "illegal war" or "race war," early chapters on the destruction of Japan's diplomatic records and government interest in an egalitarian health care policy before, during, and after the war oblige us to question selective histories and moral judgments about wartime Japan. The discussion then turns to artistic/cultural production and self-determination, specifically to Osaka rakugo performers who used comedy to contend with state oppression and to the role of women in creating care packages for soldiers abroad. Other chapters cast doubt on well-trod stereotypes (Japan's lack of pragmatism in its diplomatic relations with neutral nations and its irrational and fatalistic military leadership) and examine resistance to the war by a prominent Japanese Christian intellectual. The volume concludes with two nuanced responses to race in wartime Japan, one maintaining the importance of racial categories while recognizing the "performance of Japaneseness," the other observing that communities often reflected official government policies through nationality rather than race. Contrasting findings like these underscore the need to ask new questions and fill old gaps in our understanding of a historical event that, after more than seventy years, remains as provocative and divisive as ever.Defamiliarizing Japan's Asia-Pacific War will find a ready audience among World War II historians as well as specialists in war and society, social history, and the growing fields of material culture and civic history