Suchergebnisse

Machine generated contents note: PART I FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF CONSERVATION POLICY -- 1 Martin L. Weitzman (1998), 'The Noah's Ark Problem', Econometrica, 66, pp. 1279-98. -- 2 Stephen Polasky and Andrew R. Solow (1999), 'Conserving Biological Diversity with Scarce Resources', in J. Klopatek and R. Gardner (eds), Landscape -- Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 154-74. -- PART II THE VALUE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY -- Biodiversity Measures -- 3 Daniel P. Faith (1992), 'Conservation Evaluation and Phylogenetic Diversity', Biological Conservation, 61, pp. 1-10. -- 4 Martin L. Weitzman (1992), 'On Diversity', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, pp. 363-405. -- 5 Andrew R. Solow and Stephen Polasky (1994), 'Measuring Biological Diversity', Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 1, pp. 95-107. -- Bioprospecting -- 6 R. David Simpson, Roger A. Sedjo and Johm W. Reid (1996), 'Valuing Biodiversity for Use in Pharmaceutical Research', Journal of Political Economy, 104, pp. 163-85. -- 7 Gordon C. Rausser and Arthur A. Small (20D00), 'Valuing Research Leads:Bioprospecting and the Conservation of Genetic Resources', Journal of Political Economy, 108, pp. 173-206. -- 8 Douglas GoBin, Melinda Smale and Bent Skovmand (2000), 'Searching an Ex Situ Collection of Wheat Genetic Resources.', American Journal ofAgricuitural Economics, $2, pp. 812-27. -- Ecosystem Services -- 9 David Tilman (1999), 'The Ecological Consaequences of Changes in Biodiv*ersity: -- A Search for General Principles', Ecology, 80, pp. 1455-74. 10 Charles Perrings and Brian Walker (1997), 'Biodiversity, Resilience and the Control of Ecological-Economic Systems: The Case of Fire-Driven Rangelands', Ecological Economics, 22, pp. 73-83. -- 11 Edward B. Barbier (1994), 'Valuing Environmental Functions: Tropical Wetlands', Land Economics, 70, pp. 155-73. -- Existemce Values -- 12 John B. Loomis and Douglas S. White (1996), 'Economic Benefits of Rare and Endangered Species: Summary and Meta-analysis', Ecological Economics, 18, pp- 197-206. -- 13 Thomas H. Stevens, Jaime Echeverria, Ronald J. Glass, Tim Hager and Thomas -- A. More (1991), 'Measuring the Existence Value of Wildlife: What Do CVM -- Estimates Really Show?', Land Economics, 67, pp. 390-400. -- PART III CONSERVATION STRATEGIES -- Land Use and the Opportunity Cost of Conservation -- 14 Amy Ando, Jeffrey Camm, Stephen Polasky and Andrew Solow (1998), 'Species Distributions, Land Values, and Efficient Conservation', Science, 279, pp- 2126-28. -- 15 Claire A. Montgomery, Robert A. Pollak, Kathryn Freemark and Denis White -- (1999), 'Pricing Biodiversity', Journal of Environmental Economics and -- Management, 38, pp. 1-19. -- 16 Claire A. Montgomery, Gardner M. Brown, Jr. and Darius M. Adams (1994), -- 'The Marginal Cost of Species Preservation: The Northern Spotted Owl', Journal -- of Environmental Economics and Management, 26, pp. 111-28. -- The US Endangered Species Act -- 17 Robert P. Berrens, David S. Brookshire, Michael McKee and Christian Schmidt -- (1998), 'Implementing the Safe Minimum Standard Approach: Two Case Studies -- from the U.S. Endangered Species Act', Land Economics, 74, pp. 147-61. -- 18 Andrew Metrick and Martin L. Weitzman (1996), 'Patterns of Behavior in -- Endangered Species Preservation', Land Economics, 72, pp. 1-16. -- 19 Stephen Polasky and Holly Doremus (1998), 'When the Truth Hurts: Endangered -- Species Policy on Private Land with Imperfect Information', Journal of -- Environmental Economics and Management, 35, pp. 22-47. -- Conservation Strategies in Developing Countries -- 20 Michael Kremer and Charles Morcom (2000), 'Elephants', American Economic -- Review, 90, pp. 212-34. -- 21 Christopher B. Barrett and Peter Arcese (1998), 'Wildlife Harvest in Integrated -- Conservation and Development Projects: Linking Harvest to Household Demand, -- Agricultural Production, and Environmental Shocks in the Serengeti', Land -- Economics, 74, pp. 449-65. -- 22 Edward B. Barbier and Michael Rauscher (1994), 'Trade, Tropical Deforestation -- and Policy Interventions', Environmental and Resource Economics, 4, pp. 75-90. -- 23 Robert T. Deacon and Paul Murphy (1997), 'The Structure of an Environmental -- Transaction: The Debt-for-Nature Swap', Land Economics, 73, pp. 1-24

This Dissertation is devoted to the empirical analysis of the consequences of government action. In particular, it investigates the distributional impact of fundamental tax reform and the welfare cost of bequest taxation. Further chapters assess the sustainability of public budgets in light of demographic change and the productivity impact of air pollution.

Volkswirtschaftliches Rüstzeug ist für nachhaltiges Handeln Voraussetzung. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches stehen die vielfältigen gegenseitigen Beziehungen zwischen der grossen Zahl von Akteuren auf globaler und nationaler Ebene. Dabei behandelt die Volkswirtschaftslehre kein fest umschriebenes Wissensgebiet oder Faktenkonstrukt. Sie mischt sich bei allem ein und beansprucht, zu jedem Thema einen substanziellen Beitrag zu notwendigen Problemlösungen liefern zu könnenα (Th. Straubhaar). Es gibt kein anderes Fach mit derart breitem Themenspektrum, welches zudem aus aktueller Veranlassung laufend Erweiterungen erfährt.

Bis heute stellt das Paradigma der Neoklassik und ihrer neueren Formen (Institutionenökonomik, Informationsökonomik) die wichtigste theoretische Grundlage der Verbraucherpolitik dar. Heute sucht diese jedoch nach neuen, empirisch basierten Konzepten für ihre strategische Ausrichtung. Eine vielversprechende Entwicklung hat sich in jüngerer Zeit mit der Verhaltensökonomie (Behavioral Economics) ergeben. So interessieren sich das Committee on Consumer Policy der OECD, die Europäische Kommission sowie verschiedene Länder (Australien, Großbritannien, Baden- Württemberg) zunehmend für den Beitrag, den die Behavioral Economics für die Verbraucherpolitik leisten kann. Diese Forschungsrichtung untersucht, wie Menschen wirtschaftlich agieren. Sie verlässt die Modellannahme des rationalen homo oeconomicus und untersucht "Verhaltensanomalien", die das menschliche (Markt-)Verhalten prägen. Die Methoden der Behavioral Economics sind meist empirisch, häufig experimentell. Eine Reihe von Verhaltenstendenzen, Entscheidungsregeln und "kognitiven Irrtümern" ("heuristics and biases") sind mittlerweile empirisch gut belegt. Der Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit sich die Erkenntnisse der Verhaltensökonomik als konzeptionelle Grundlage für Verbraucherpolitik eignen. Internationale Initiativen in diese Richtung werden skizziert. ; Consumer policy analysis and practice is largely embedded in the economic paradigm of neoclassical economics and its more recent forms (institutional economics, economics of information). However, there is increasing evidence that consumers not only fail to make optimal choices because of asymmetric information or suboptimal institutions, but that even well-informed, numerate and literate consumers exhibit systematic departures from rational behavior - making use of heuristics and being subject to biases. The homo oeconomicus is a theoretical archetype not found in real life, even though it is the basis for much demand-side regulation. By relying on experimental empirical research, behavioral economics may provide practical help in developing policies designed to affect consumer behavior. The paper discusses potentials and pitfalls for behavioral economics to be the base of a more effective consumer policy. Efforts in this direction undertaken by consumer policy actors worldwide (OECD, Australia, Great Britain, the German State of Baden-Württemberg) are sketched.