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This is an extract from the 4-volume dictionary of economics, a reference book which aims to define the subject of economics today. 1300 subject entries in the complete work cover the broad themes of economic theory. It concentrates on the topic of game theory.

Front Cover; Game Theory and Applications; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Contributors; Preface; Chapter 1. Refinement of Nash Equilibrium: The Main Ideas; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. BACKWARD INDUCTION AND FORWARD INDUCTION; 3. INFORMAL APPLICATIONS; 4. THE PROBLEM OF INCONSISTENCY; 5. THE EXISTENCE THEOREM: VERSION I; 6. FORMAL APPLICATIONS; 7. CONSISTENCY OF BELIEFS; 8. ADMISSIBILITY; 9. RESTRICTIONS ON OUT-OF-EQUILIBRIUM BELIEFS; 10. ALTERNATIVE VIEWS OF ""IRRELEVANT ALTERNATIVES""; 11. DEDUCTIONS BEYOND IIA; 12. CONCLUDING REMARKS; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; APPENDIX A; APPENDIX B: PROOF OF THEOREM 3.

1. Approaches to the Bargaining Problem Before and After the Theory of Games: A Critical Discussion of Zeuthen's, Hicks', and Nash's Theories -- 2. On the Rationality Postulates Underlying the Theory of Cooperative Games -- 3. A Simplified Bargaining Model for the n-Person Cooperative Game -- 4. Games with Randomly Disturbed Payoffs: A New Rationale for Mixed-Strategy Equilibrium Points -- 5. Oddness of the Number of Equilibrium Points: A New Proof -- 6. Games with Incomplete Information Played by "Bayesian" Players. Part I: The Basic Model -- 7. Games with Incomplete Information Played by "Bayesian" Players. Part II: Bayesian Equilibrium Points -- 8. Games with Incomplete Information Played by "Bayesian" Players. Part III: The Basic Probability Distribution of the Game -- 9. Uses of Bayesian Probability Models in Game Theory -- 10. An Equilibrium-Point Interpretation of Stable Sets and a Proposed Alternative Definition -- 11. A New General Solution Concept for Both Cooperative and Noncooperative Games -- 12. Rule Utilitarianism, Rights, Obligations and the Theory of Rational Behavior.

Based on papers prepared for the Peace Research Seminar and the Symposium on Game Theory Models Applied to Case Studies of International Conflict, held in Ontario, June 11-13, 1984. Some consideration of the "prisoner's dilemma" game and tactics used in the negotiations concerning the release of US hostages from Iran in 1979-80.